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Kafe 바로가기국가/구분 | United States(US) Patent 등록 |
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국제특허분류(IPC7판) |
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출원번호 | US-0884270 (2015-10-15) |
등록번호 | US-9739122 (2017-08-22) |
발명자 / 주소 |
|
출원인 / 주소 |
|
대리인 / 주소 |
|
인용정보 | 피인용 횟수 : 0 인용 특허 : 323 |
Systems and methods for mitigating the effects of subsurface shunts during bulk heating of a subsurface formation are disclosed. The methods may include electrically connecting, and concurrently applying, first, second, and third alternating voltages to respective first, second, and third electrode
Systems and methods for mitigating the effects of subsurface shunts during bulk heating of a subsurface formation are disclosed. The methods may include electrically connecting, and concurrently applying, first, second, and third alternating voltages to respective first, second, and third electrode assemblies within the subsurface formation. The first, second, and third alternating voltages may have the same frequency and respective first, second, and third phase angles. The second phase angle may be different than the first phase angle, and the third phase angle may be different than the second phase angle. The methods may include, upon determining a presence of a subsurface shunt between the first electrode assembly and the second electrode assembly, electrically connecting the first electrode assembly to the second alternating voltage and applying the second alternating voltage to the first and second electrode assemblies while applying the third alternating voltage to the third electrode assembly.
1. A method of bulk heating of a subsurface formation with a first electrode assembly in the subsurface formation, a second electrode assembly in the subsurface formation, and a third electrode assembly in the subsurface formation, the method comprising: electrically connecting the first electrode a
1. A method of bulk heating of a subsurface formation with a first electrode assembly in the subsurface formation, a second electrode assembly in the subsurface formation, and a third electrode assembly in the subsurface formation, the method comprising: electrically connecting the first electrode assembly to a first alternating voltage having a frequency and a first phase angle;electrically connecting the second electrode assembly to a second alternating voltage having the frequency and a second phase angle different from the first phase angle and forming a first in situ resistive heater in a first subsurface region between the first electrode assembly and the second electrode assembly;electrically connecting the third electrode assembly to a third alternating voltage having the frequency and a third phase angle different from the second phase angle and forming a second in situ resistive heater in a second subsurface region between the second electrode assembly and the third electrode assembly;concurrently applying the first, second, and third alternating voltages to the first, second, and third electrode assemblies, respectively; andupon determining a presence of a subsurface shunt between the first electrode assembly and the second electrode assembly, electrically connecting the first electrode assembly to the second alternating voltage and applying the second alternating voltage to the first and second electrode assemblies while applying the third alternating voltage to the third electrode assembly. 2. The method of claim 1, wherein the third phase angle is the same as the first phase angle. 3. The method of claim 1, wherein the determining includes measuring a parameter related to electrical conductivity between the first electrode assembly and the second electrode assembly, wherein the parameter is at least one of conductivity, conductance, resistivity, resistance, current, voltage, and temperature. 4. The method of claim 1, wherein the determining includes determining that an average conductivity of the first subsurface region is at least 0.01 S/m. 5. The method of claim 1, wherein the subsurface formation includes a fourth electrode assembly and the method further comprises electrically connecting the fourth electrode assembly to a fourth alternating voltage having the frequency and a fourth phase angle different from the first phase angle and forming a third in situ resistive heater in a third subsurface region between the first electrode assembly and the fourth electrode assembly; and wherein the concurrently applying includes concurrently applying the first, second, third, and fourth alternating voltages to the first, second, third, and fourth electrode assemblies, respectively. 6. The method of claim 5, wherein the fourth phase angle is equal to the second phase angle, and the method further comprises, upon determining the presence of the subsurface shunt between the first electrode assembly and the second electrode assembly, electrically connecting the fourth electrode assembly to an alternating voltage having the frequency and a phase angle different than the second phase angle. 7. The method of claim 5, wherein the fourth phase angle is equal to the second phase angle, and the method further comprises, upon determining the presence of the subsurface shunt between the first electrode assembly and the second electrode assembly, electrically connecting the fourth electrode assembly to an alternating voltage selected from the group consisting of the first alternating voltage and the third alternating voltage. 8. The method of claim 5, wherein the fourth electrode assembly is adjacent to the first electrode assembly. 9. The method of claim 1, wherein the first electrode assembly includes a first fracture, the second electrode assembly includes a second fracture, and the third electrode assembly includes a third fracture, and wherein the first fracture, the second fracture, and the third fracture are parallel to each other. 10. The method of claim 1, wherein the second electrode assembly is adjacent to the first electrode assembly, and wherein the third electrode assembly is adjacent to the second electrode assembly. 11. A method of bulk heating a subsurface formation with a row of electrode assemblies in the subsurface formation, wherein the row of electrode assemblies includes a first electrode assembly at one end of the row and a last electrode assembly at another end of the row, and wherein each electrode assembly in the row of electrode assemblies, except the first electrode assembly and the last electrode assembly, forms a pair of adjacent electrode assemblies with each of two adjacent electrode assemblies in the row, the method comprising: forming an electrical circuit for each of the pair of adjacent electrode assemblies by applying alternating voltages with a same frequency and nonequal phase angles to the electrode assemblies in the pair of adjacent electrode assemblies, wherein the electrical circuit includes flowing electricity through a subsurface region of the subsurface formation between the pair of adjacent electrode assemblies and resistively heating the subsurface region; andupon determining a presence of a subsurface shunt between one of the pairs of adjacent electrode assemblies, applying alternating voltages with the same frequency and equal phase angles to the electrode assemblies in the one of the pairs of adjacent electrode assemblies, and, for each other pair of adjacent electrode assemblies, applying alternating voltages with the same frequency and nonequal phase angles to the electrode assemblies in the other pair. 12. The method of claim 11, wherein each electrode assembly of the row of electrode assemblies includes a fracture and wherein the fractures of the electrode assemblies are parallel to each other. 13. The method of claim 11, wherein the determining includes measuring a parameter related to electrical conductivity between the electrode assemblies of the one of the pairs of adjacent electrode assemblies, and wherein the parameter is at least one of conductivity, conductance, resistivity, resistance, current, voltage, and temperature. 14. The method of claim 11, wherein the determining includes determining that an average conductivity of the subsurface region between the electrode assemblies of the one of the pairs of electrode assemblies is at least 0.01 S/m. 15. A method of bulk heating of a subsurface formation with a first row of parallel fractures and a second row of parallel fractures, each fracture including electrically conductive material, wherein the first row is parallel to the second row, wherein the fractures of the first row do not extend in between the fractures of the second row, and the fractures of the second row do not extend in between the fractures of the first row, and wherein each fracture of the second row has two closest fractures in the first row, the method comprising: (a) for each fracture of the second row and the corresponding two closest fractures in the first row, applying an alternating voltage with a same frequency and a first phase angle to the fracture of the second row and to a first fracture of the two closest fractures in the first row, and applying an alternating voltage with the same frequency and a second phase angle to a second fracture of the two closest fractures in the first row to resistively heat a first subsurface region between the fracture of the second row and the second fracture of the two closest fractures;(b) then, for each fracture of the second row and the corresponding two closest fractures in the first row, applying an alternating voltage with the same frequency and a third phase angle to the fracture of the second row and to the second fracture of the two closest fractures in the first row, and applying an alternating voltage with the same frequency and a fourth different phase angle to the first fracture of the two closest fractures in the first row to resistively heat a second subsurface region between the fracture of the second row and the first fracture of the two closest fractures; and(c) periodically repeating step (a) and then step (b). 16. The method of claim 15, wherein the third phase angle is the same as the second phase angle and the fourth phase angle is the same as the first phase angle. 17. The method of claim 15, wherein step (a) includes applying alternating voltages with unequal phase angles to adjacent fractures of the second row, and wherein step (b) includes applying alternating voltages with unequal phase angles to adjacent fractures of the second row. 18. The method of claim 15, wherein the periodically repeating is performed at most once every day.
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