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A burner supporting primary and secondary combustion reactions may include a primary combustion reaction actuator configured to select a location of the secondary combustion reaction. A burner may include a lifted flame holder structure configured to support a secondary combustion reaction above a p

A burner supporting primary and secondary combustion reactions may include a primary combustion reaction actuator configured to select a location of the secondary combustion reaction. A burner may include a lifted flame holder structure configured to support a secondary combustion reaction above a partial premixing region. The secondary flame support location may be selected as a function of a turndown parameter. Selection logic may be of arbitrary complexity.

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1. A lifted flame burner, comprising: a primary fuel source configured to support a primary combustion reaction;a secondary fuel source configured to support a secondary combustion reaction;a bluff body configured to hold the secondary combustion reaction, the bluff body being positioned adjacent to

1. A lifted flame burner, comprising: a primary fuel source configured to support a primary combustion reaction;a secondary fuel source configured to support a secondary combustion reaction;a bluff body configured to hold the secondary combustion reaction, the bluff body being positioned adjacent to the primary and secondary fuel sources;a lifted flame holder disposed farther away from the primary and secondary fuel sources relative to the bluff body and aligned to be at least partially immersed in the secondary combustion reaction when the secondary combustion reaction is held by the bluff body; anda combustion reaction actuator configured to control exposure of a secondary fuel flow from the secondary fuel source to the primary combustion reaction;wherein, when activated, the combustion reaction actuator is configured to reduce or eliminate exposure of a secondary fuel flow to the primary combustion reaction. 2. The lifted flame burner of claim 1, wherein the combustion reaction actuator is configured to reduce or eliminate exposure of a secondary fuel flow to the primary combustion reaction only when activated. 3. The lifted flame burner of claim 1, wherein the combustion reaction actuator includes a combustion reaction deflector configured to deflect momentum of the primary combustion reaction when the combustion reaction deflector is activated. 4. The lifted flame burner of claim 3, wherein the deflection of momentum of the primary combustion reaction by the combustion reaction deflector is sufficient to cause the secondary combustion reaction to lift from being held by the bluff body to being held by the lifted flame holder. 5. The lifted flame burner of claim 3, wherein the combustion reaction deflector is configured to deflect the primary combustion reaction away from a stream of fuel output by the secondary fuel source when the combustion reaction deflector is activated. 6. The lifted flame burner of claim 5, wherein deflection of the primary combustion reaction away from the stream of fuel output by the secondary fuel source delays ignition of the secondary fuel. 7. The lifted flame burner of claim 3, wherein the bluff body includes two coanda surfaces; wherein the primary fuel source is aligned to cause the primary combustion reaction to occur substantially along the first coanda surface; andwherein the combustion reaction deflector is configured to disable occurrence of the primary combustion reaction substantially along the first coanda surface, and to cause the primary combustion reaction to occur substantially along the second coanda surface when the combustion reaction deflector is activated. 8. The lifted flame burner of claim 7, wherein the first coanda surface is aligned such that when the primary combustion reaction occurs along the first coanda surface, the primary combustion reaction ignites a stream of fuel output by the secondary fuel source substantially coincident with the bluff body. 9. The lifted flame burner of claim 7, wherein the second coanda surface is aligned to cause the primary combustion reaction to ignite a stream of fuel output by the secondary fuel source between the bluff body and the lifted flame holder. 10. The lifted flame burner of claim 7, wherein the second coanda surface is aligned to cause the primary combustion reaction to ignite a stream of fuel output by the secondary fuel source substantially coincident with the lifted flame holder. 11. The lifted flame burner of claim 3, wherein the combustion reaction deflector comprises an ionic wind device. 12. The lifted flame burner of claim 11, wherein the ionic wind device includes a serrated electrode configured to be held at 15 kilovolts to 50 kilovolts when the combustion reaction deflector is activated. 13. The lifted flame burner of claim 11, wherein the ionic wind device includes a smooth electrode configured to be held near ground when the combustion reaction deflector is activated. 14. The lifted flame burner of claim 11, wherein the ionic wind device is disposed in a region of space characterized by a temperature below that of the primary combustion reaction. 15. The lifted flame burner of claim 11, wherein the ionic wind device further comprises: a serrated electrode configured to be held at a high voltage; anda smooth electrode configured to be held at or near voltage ground; andwherein the serrated electrode and the smooth electrode define a line or a plane that also intersects the primary fuel source. 16. The lifted flame burner of claim 3, wherein the combustion reaction deflector is configured to cause the primary combustion reaction to circulate in a groove when the combustion reaction deflector is activated. 17. The lifted flame burner of claim 3, wherein the bluff body is configured to direct the primary combustion reaction to emerge through a plurality of holes 114 in a top surface of the bluff body. 18. The lifted flame burner of claim 3, wherein the lifted flame holder comprises a volume of refractory material configured to hold the secondary combustion reaction at least partially within a plurality of partially bounded passages formed through the refractory material. 19. The lifted flame burner of claim 3, wherein the plurality of partially bounded passages includes a plurality of vertically-aligned cylindrical voids through the refractory material. 20. The lifted flame burner of claim 1, wherein the combustion reaction actuator includes a primary combustion reaction control valve. 21. The lifted flame burner of claim 20, wherein the primary combustion reaction control valve includes a normally-open valve that is configured to actuate to a reduced flow rate when electrical power is applied to the control valve. 22. The lifted flame burner of claim 1, wherein a distance between the bluff body and the lifted flame holder is sufficient to enable partial premixing of a stream of fuel output by the secondary fuel source when the secondary combustion reaction is held by the lifted flame holder. 23. The lifted flame burner of claim 1, wherein the combustion reaction actuator is electrically powered. 24. The lifted flame burner of claim 1, wherein a distance between the bluff body and the lifted flame holder is about 5.25 inches. 25. The lifted flame burner of claim 1, wherein a distance between the bluff body and the lifted flame holder is such that an oxygen to fuel ratio of a stream of fuel output by the secondary fuel source is at about 1.3 to 1.5 times a stoichiometric ratio of oxygen to fuel when the stream reaches the lifted flame holder. 26. The lifted flame burner of claim 1, wherein the combustion reaction actuator is configured to cause the secondary flame to reduce in height when the combustion reaction actuator is activated. 27. The lifted flame burner of claim 1, wherein the primary fuel source includes a nozzle aligned to cause a stream of fuel output by the secondary fuel source to be ignited by the primary combustion reaction and to support the secondary combustion reaction held by the bluff body when electrical power to the combustion reaction actuator is removed. 28. The lifted flame burner of claim 1, further comprising: a feedback circuit configured to detect the secondary combustion reaction held by the lifted flame holder, and to interrupt electrical power to the combustion reaction actuator when the secondary combustion reaction is not detected. 29. The lifted flame burner of claim 1, further comprising: a feedback circuit configured to detect the secondary combustion reaction held by the lifted flame holder, and to interrupt electrical power to the combustion reaction actuator when the lifted flame holder is damaged or fails. 30. The lifted flame burner of claim 1, further comprising: a feedback circuit configured to detect the secondary combustion reaction, held by the lifted flame holder;wherein the feedback circuit includes: a detection electrode configured to produce a first voltage signal corresponding to a value of an electrical charge imparted onto the secondary combustion reaction by a combustion reaction charge source;a sensor node operatively coupled to the detection electrode and configured to hold a second voltage signal corresponding to the first voltage signal; anda logic circuit operatively coupled to the sensor node and configured to control application of a third voltage signal to the combustion reaction actuator according to a value of the second voltage signal. 31. The lifted flame burner of claim 30, wherein the feedback circuit is configured to interrupt electrical power to the combustion reaction actuator in the absence of the electrical charge. 32. A method for operating a lifted flame burner, comprising: producing an ignition source proximate to a bluff body by supporting a primary combustion reaction;providing a secondary fuel stream to impinge on the bluff body;producing a secondary combustion reaction by igniting the secondary fuel stream with the primary combustion reaction;removing or reducing effectiveness of the primary combustion reaction as an ignition source by electrically actuating the primary combustion reaction;diluting the secondary fuel stream in a region between the bluff body and the lifted flame holder; andholding the secondary combustion with a lifted flame holder. 33. The method for operating a lifted flame burner of claim 32, wherein diluting fuel stream in the region between the bluff body and the lifted flame holder causes the lifted secondary combustion reaction to occur at a lower temperature than combustion reaction held by the bluff body. 34. The method for operating a lifted flame burner of claim 32, wherein diluting fuel stream in the region between the bluff body and the lifted flame holder causes the lifted secondary combustion reaction to output reduced oxides of nitrogen (NOx) compared to combustion reaction held by the bluff body. 35. The method for operating a lifted flame burner of claim 32, wherein diluting fuel stream in the region between the bluff body and the lifted flame holder causes the lifted secondary combustion reaction to react to substantial completion within a reduced overall secondary combustion flame height than combustion reaction held by the bluff body. 36. The method for operating a lifted flame burner of claim 32, wherein electrically actuating the primary combustion reaction t comprises: deflecting the primary combustion reaction. 37. The method for operating a lifted flame burner of claim 32, wherein electrically actuating the primary combustion reaction comprises: deflecting the primary combustion reaction with an ionic wind generator. 38. The method for operating a lifted flame burner of claim 37, wherein deflecting the primary combustion reaction with an ionic wind generator includes moving the primary combustion reaction from a first coanda surface to a second coanda surface. 39. The method for operating a lifted flame burner of claim 37, wherein deflecting the primary combustion reaction with an ionic wind generator includes directing the primary combustion reaction along a groove in the bluff body. 40. The method for operating a lifted flame burner of claim 37, wherein deflecting the primary combustion reaction with an ionic wind generator includes reducing output of the primary combustion reaction through holes formed in the bluff body. 41. The method for operating a lifted flame burner of claim 32, wherein electrically actuating the primary combustion reaction comprises: reducing fuel flow to the primary combustion reaction. 42. The method for operating a lifted flame burner of claim 32, further comprising: receiving an interruption in electrical power to a primary combustion reaction actuator; andresponsive to the interruption in electrical power, holding the secondary combustion reaction with the bluff body. 43. A combustion control gain apparatus, comprising: a first fuel source configured to support a primary combustion reaction;a secondary fuel source; anda combustion reaction actuator configured to selectively deflect the primary combustion reaction from a first secondary fuel ignition location to a location where the secondary fuel source is not ignited by the primary combustion reaction; anda lifted flame holder corresponding to the first secondary fuel ignition location. 44. The combustion control gain apparatus of claim 43, wherein the lifted flame holder comprises: a bluff body corresponding to the first secondary fuel ignition location.