Modulation patterns for surface scattering antennas
원문보기
IPC분류정보
국가/구분
United States(US) Patent
등록
국제특허분류(IPC7판)
H01Q-011/02
H01Q-003/44
H01Q-013/20
출원번호
US-0010118
(2016-01-29)
등록번호
US-9806414
(2017-10-31)
발명자
/ 주소
Chen, Pai-Yen
Driscoll, Tom
Ebadi, Siamak
Hunt, John Desmond
Landy, Nathan Ingle
Machado, Melroy
Perque, Jr., Milton
Smith, David R.
Urzhumov, Yaroslav A.
출원인 / 주소
The Invention Science Fund I LLC
인용정보
피인용 횟수 :
2인용 특허 :
38
초록
Modulation patterns for surface scattering antennas provide desired antenna pattern attributes such as reduced side lobes and reduced grating lobes.
대표청구항▼
1. A method, comprising: discretizing a hologram function for a surface scattering antenna that defines an aperture, where the discretizing includes identifying a discrete plurality of locations on the aperture for a discrete plurality of scattering elements of the surface scattering antenna andiden
1. A method, comprising: discretizing a hologram function for a surface scattering antenna that defines an aperture, where the discretizing includes identifying a discrete plurality of locations on the aperture for a discrete plurality of scattering elements of the surface scattering antenna andidentifying a discrete set of states for each of the scattering elements corresponding to a discrete set of function values at each of the locations of the scattering elements; andidentifying an antenna configuration that reduces artifacts attributable to the discretizing, wherein the identifying of the antenna configuration includes dithering the discretized hologram function. 2. The method of claim 1, further comprising: adjusting the surface scattering antenna to the identified antenna configuration. 3. The method of claim 1, further comprising: operating the surface scattering antenna in the identified antenna configuration. 4. The method of claim 1, further comprising: storing the identified antenna configuration in a storage medium. 5. The method of claim 1, wherein the dithering of the discretized hologram function includes, for each location in the plurality of locations: selecting a virtual displacement for the location;identifying a virtual location corresponding to the location plus the virtual displacement; andselecting a function value from the discrete set of function values, the selected value being that value in the discrete set of function values that is closest to the hologram function evaluated at the virtual location. 6. The method of claim 5, wherein the virtual displacements are random virtual displacements. 7. The method of claim 6, wherein the random virtual displacements have a standard deviation greater than one-fifth of a lattice spacing of the plurality of locations. 8. The method of claim 6, wherein the random virtual displacements have a standard deviation greater than one-half of a lattice spacing of the plurality of locations. 9. The method of claim 5, wherein the virtual displacements are non-random virtual displacements that vary gradually across the aperture. 10. The method of claim 5, wherein the identifying of the antenna configuration includes, for each scattering element in the plurality of scattering elements: identifying a state for the scattering element selected from the discrete set of states and corresponding to the selected function value for the location of the scattering element. 11. The method of claim 1, wherein the dithering of the discretized hologram function includes, for each location in the plurality of locations: selecting a function noise amount corresponding to the location; andselecting a function value from the discrete set of function values, the selected value being that value in the discrete set of function values that is closest to a sum of the hologram function evaluated at the location and the function noise amount. 12. The method of claim 11, wherein the function noise amounts have a standard deviation greater than 10% of a difference between a maximum function value of discrete set of function values and a minimum function value of the discrete set of function values. 13. The method of claim 11, wherein the function noise amounts have a standard deviation greater than 25% of a difference between a maximum function value of discrete set of function values and a minimum function value of the discrete set of function values. 14. The method of claim 11, wherein the identifying of the antenna configuration includes, for each scattering element in the plurality of scattering elements: identifying a state for the scattering element selected from the discrete set of states and corresponding to the selected function value for the location of the scattering element. 15. A system, comprising: a surface scattering antenna with a plurality of adjustable scattering elements that are adjustable between a discrete set of states corresponding to a discrete set of function values at each location in a plurality of locations for the plurality of adjustable scattering elements;a storage medium on which a set of antenna configurations corresponding to a set of hologram functions is written, each antenna configuration being selected to reduce artifacts attributable to a discretization of the respective hologram function; andcontrol circuitry operable to read antenna configurations from the storage medium and adjust the plurality of adjustable scattering elements to provide the antenna configurations;wherein at least one antenna configuration is a dithered discretization of the respective hologram function. 16. The system of claim 15, wherein the dithered discretization is obtained by an algorithm that includes, for each location in the plurality of locations: selecting a virtual displacement for the location;identifying a virtual location corresponding to the location plus the virtual displacement;selecting a function value from the discrete set of function values, the selected value being that value in the discrete set of function values that is closest to the respective hologram function evaluated at the virtual location; andidentifying a state for the adjustable scattering element at the location, the identified state being selected from the discrete set of states and corresponding to the selected function value for the location. 17. The system of claim 16, wherein the virtual displacements are random virtual displacements. 18. The system of claim 17, wherein the random virtual displacements have a standard deviation greater than one-fifth of a lattice spacing of the plurality of locations. 19. The system of claim 17, wherein the random virtual displacements have a standard deviation greater than one-half of a lattice spacing of the plurality of locations. 20. The system of claim 16, wherein the surface scattering antenna defines an aperture and the virtual displacements are non-random virtual displacements that vary gradually across the aperture. 21. The system of claim 15, wherein the dithered discretization is obtained by an algorithm that includes, for each location in the plurality of locations: selecting a function noise amount corresponding to the location;selecting a function value from the discrete set of function values, the selected value being that value in the discrete set of function values that is closest to a sum of the respective hologram function evaluated at the location and the function noise amount; andidentifying a state for the adjustable scattering element at the location, the identified state being selected from the discrete set of states and corresponding to the selected function value for the location. 22. The system of claim 21, wherein the function noise amounts have a standard deviation greater than 10% of a difference between a maximum function value of discrete set of function values and a minimum function value of the discrete set of function values. 23. The system of claim 21, wherein the function noise amounts have a standard deviation greater than 25% of a difference between a maximum function value of discrete set of function values and a minimum function value of the discrete set of function values. 24. A method of controlling a surface scattering antenna with a plurality of adjustable scattering elements, comprising: reading an antenna configuration from a storage medium, the antenna configuration being selected to reduce artifacts attributable to a discretization of a hologram function; andadjusting the plurality of adjustable scattering elements to provide the antenna configuration;wherein the adjustable scattering elements are adjustable between a discrete set of states corresponding to a discrete set of function values at each location in a plurality of locations for the plurality of adjustable scattering elements; andwherein the antenna configuration is a dithered discretization of the hologram function. 25. The method of claim 24, further comprising: operating the antenna in the antenna configuration. 26. The method of claim 24, wherein the dithered discretization is obtained by an algorithm that includes, for each location in the plurality of locations: selecting a virtual displacement for the location;identifying a virtual location corresponding to the location plus the virtual displacement;selecting a function value from the discrete set of function values, the selected value being that value in the discrete set of function values that is closest to the hologram function evaluated at the virtual location; andidentifying a state for the adjustable scattering element at the location, the identified state being selected from the discrete set of states and corresponding to the selected function value for the location. 27. The method of claim 26, wherein the virtual displacements are random virtual displacements. 28. The method of claim 27, wherein the random virtual displacements have a standard deviation greater than one-fifth of a lattice spacing of the plurality of locations. 29. The method of claim 27, wherein the random virtual displacements have a standard deviation greater than one-half of a lattice spacing of the plurality of locations. 30. The method of claim 26, wherein the surface scattering antenna defines an aperture and the virtual displacements are non-random virtual displacements that vary gradually across the aperture. 31. The method of claim 24, wherein the dithered discretization is obtained by an algorithm that includes, for each location in the plurality of locations: selecting a function noise amount corresponding to the location;selecting a function value from the discrete set of function values, the selected value being that value in the discrete set of function values that is closest to a sum of the hologram function evaluated at the location and the function noise amount; andidentifying a state for the adjustable scattering element at the location, the identified state being selected from the discrete set of states and corresponding to the selected function value for the location. 32. The method of claim 31, wherein the function noise amounts have a standard deviation greater than 10% of a difference between a maximum function value of discrete set of function values and a minimum function value of the discrete set of function values. 33. The method of claim 31, wherein the function noise amounts have a standard deviation greater than 25% of a difference between a maximum function value of discrete set of function values and a minimum function value of the discrete set of function values.
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