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A burner assembly combines oxygen and fuel to produce a flame. The burner assembly includes an oxygen supply tube adapted to receive a stream of oxygen and a fuel supply tube arranged to extend through the oxygen tube to convey a stream of fluidized, pulverized, solid fuel into a flame chamber. Oxyg

A burner assembly combines oxygen and fuel to produce a flame. The burner assembly includes an oxygen supply tube adapted to receive a stream of oxygen and a fuel supply tube arranged to extend through the oxygen tube to convey a stream of fluidized, pulverized, solid fuel into a flame chamber. Oxygen flowing through the oxygen supply tube passes through oxygen-injection holes formed in the fuel supply tube and then mixes with fluidized, pulverized, solid fuel passing through the fuel supply tube to create an oxygen-fuel mixture in a downstream portion of the fuel supply tube. This mixture is discharged into the flame chamber and ignited in a flame chamber to produce a flame.

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1. A burner assembly for combining oxygen and fuel to produce a flame, the burner assembly comprising: an outer tube formed to include a first end, a second end, and an annular side wall lying between the first and second ends, anda fuel supply tube extending through the outer tube and lying in spac

1. A burner assembly for combining oxygen and fuel to produce a flame, the burner assembly comprising: an outer tube formed to include a first end, a second end, and an annular side wall lying between the first and second ends, anda fuel supply tube extending through the outer tube and lying in spaced-apart relation to the annular side wall to define an oxygen flow passage therebetween, the fuel supply tube being formed to include an outlet end face formed to include an oxygen-fuel outlet opening and upstream oxygen-injection holes arranged to conduct oxygen flowing in the oxygen flow passage into a stream of fluidized, pulverized, solid fuel flowing at an initial velocity in the fuel supply tube toward the oxygen-fuel outlet opening to establish a combustible oxygen-fuel mixture exiting the fuel supply tube through the oxygen-fuel outlet opening, the fuel supply tube further including means for decelerating fluid flow in the fuel supply tube to cause the combustible oxygen-fuel mixture exiting the fuel supply tube through the oxygen-fuel outlet opening to flow at a final velocity that is about equal to the initial velocity even though oxygen is discharged through the upstream oxygen-injection holes into the stream of fluidized, pulverized solid fuel flowing in the fuel supply tank,wherein the fuel supply tube is also formed to include auxiliary oxygen-injection holes located in a region between the upstream oxygen-injection holes and the outlet end face and arranged to conduct oxygen flowing in the oxygen flow passage into the fuel supply tube to mix with an oxygen-fuel mixture flowing toward the oxygen-fuel outlet opening. 2. The burner assembly of claim 1, wherein the means for decelerating fluid flow is a flow-expansion section. 3. The burner assembly of claim 2, wherein the flow-expansion section is located between the upstream oxygen-injection holes and the oxygen-fuel outlet opening. 4. The burner assembly of claim 2, wherein at least two circumferentially spaced-apart channels have openings in an inner wall defining an oxygen-fuel transport passageway and cooperate to define the flow-expansion section. 5. The burner assembly of claim 4, wherein each of the channels is defined by a bullet-shaped curved wall. 6. The burner assembly of claim 2, wherein the flow-expansion section includes an upstream funnel-shaped portion arranged to diverge in a downstream direction toward the oxygen-fuel outlet opening and formed to include an outlet having a first diameter and a downstream funnel-shaped portion arranged to diverge in a downstream direction toward the oxygen-fuel outlet opening and formed to include an outlet having a second diameter that is larger than the first diameter. 7. The burner assembly of claim 6, wherein the upstream funnel-shaped portion is formed to include upstream oxygen-injection holes. 8. The burner assembly of claim 6, wherein the downstream funnel-shaped portion is formed to include upstream oxygen-injection holes. 9. The burner assembly of claim 6, wherein each of the upstream and downstream funnel-shaped portions is formed to include upstream oxygen-injection holes. 10. The burner assembly of claim 6, wherein the downstream funnel-shaped portion has an inlet having a third diameter that is about equivalent to the first diameter. 11. The burner assembly of claim 6, wherein the oxygen-fuel outlet opening further includes an elongated cylindrical constant-velocity section having an inlet coupled to the outlet of the upstream funnel-shaped portion and an outlet coupled to the inlet of the downstream funnel-shaped portion. 12. The burner assembly of claim 2, wherein the flow-expansion section is located between the fuel supply tube and the upstream oxygen-injection holes and the upstream oxygen-injection holes are arranged to provide means for discharging oxygen into a decelerating flow of fuel exiting the flow-expansion section to produce cyclonic flow of fuel and oxygen in a cyclonic flow section of the constant-velocity oxygen-fuel nozzle located between the flow-expansion section and the oxygen-fuel outlet opening. 13. A burner assembly for combining oxygen and fuel to produce a flame, the burner assembly, comprising: a fuel supply system including a solid-fuel conduit formed to include a fuel transport passageway; andmixing means for mixing a stream of oxygen with fluidized, pulverized, solid fuel conducted through the fuel transport passageway prior to combustion to produce a mixture that can be ignited in a flame chamber to produce a flame, wherein the mixing means includes an oxygen flow passage and a constant-velocity oxygen-fuel nozzle, and wherein the constant-velocity oxygen-fuel nozzle is formed to include: an oxygen-fuel transport passageway;a fuel inlet opening located to admit fluidized, pulverized, solid fuel discharged from the fuel transport passageway into the oxygen-fuel transport passageway;an oxygen-fuel outlet opening located to discharge an oxygen-fuel mixture into the flame chamber; anda flow-expansion section located in the oxygen-fuel transport passageway between the fuel inlet opening and the oxygen-fuel outlet opening and configured to provide means in the oxygen-fuel transport passageway for decelerating flow of fuel and oxygen in the oxygen-fuel transport passageway to cause the oxygen-fuel mixture exiting the oxygen-fuel transport passageway through the oxygen-fuel outlet opening to have a velocity that is about equal to a velocity of fuel entering the oxygen-fuel transport passageway through the fuel inlet opening even though oxygen is discharged into the oxygen-fuel transport passageway through the upstream oxygen-injection holes;wherein the flow-expansion section is funnel-shaped and is arranged to diverge in a downstream direction toward the oxygen-fuel outlet opening; andwherein a first group of the upstream oxygen-injection holes are located a first distance from the oxygen-fuel outlet opening, a second group of the upstream oxygen-injection holes are located a second distance from the oxygen-fuel outlet opening, and the second distance is less than the first distance. 14. The burner assembly of claim 13, wherein the constant-velocity oxygen-fuel nozzle is positioned to lie in the oxygen flow passage. 15. The burner assembly of claim 13, wherein the constant-velocity oxygen-fuel nozzle further includes upstream oxygen-injection holes arranged to conduct oxygen flowing in the oxygen flow passage into the oxygen-fuel transport passageway to mix with fluidized, pulverized, solid fuel flowing in the oxygen-fuel transport passageway toward the oxygen-fuel outlet opening to establish a combustible oxygen-fuel mixture flowing in the oxygen-fuel transport passageway and exiting through the oxygen-fuel outlet opening. 16. A burner assembly for combining oxygen and fuel to produce a flame, the burner assembly comprising: a fuel supply system including a solid-fuel conduit formed to include a fuel transport passageway; andmixing means for mixing a stream of oxygen with fluidized, pulverized, solid fuel conducted through the fuel transport passageway prior to combustion to produce a mixture that can be ignited in a flame chamber to produce a flame, wherein the mixing means includes an oxygen flow passage and a constant-velocity oxygen-fuel nozzle positioned to lie in the oxygen flow passage, and wherein the constant-velocity oxygen-fuel nozzle is formed to include: an oxygen-fuel transport passageway;a fuel inlet opening located to admit fluidized, pulverized, solid fuel discharged from the fuel transport passageway into the oxygen-fuel transport passageway,an oxygen-fuel outlet opening located to discharge an oxygen-fuel mixture into the flame chamber;upstream oxygen-injection holes arranged to conduct oxygen flowing in the oxygen flow passage into the oxygen-fuel transport passageway to mix with fluidized, pulverized, solid fuel flowing in the oxygen-fuel transport passageway toward the oxygen-fuel outlet opening to establish a combustible oxygen-fuel mixture flowing in the oxygen-fuel transport passageway and exiting through the oxygen-fuel outlet opening;a flow-expansion section located in the oxygen-fuel transport passageway between the fuel inlet opening and the oxygen-fuel outlet opening and configured for decelerating flow of fuel and oxygen in the oxygen-fuel transport passageway; andan outlet end face formed to include the oxygen-fuel outlet opening and oxygen-discharge passages arranged to conduct oxygen from the oxygen flow passage through openings formed in the outlet end face to cause oxygen discharged from the oxygen-discharge passages to mix outside of the oxygen-fuel nozzle with the combustible oxygen-fuel mixture discharged from the oxygen-fuel transport passageway through the oxygen-fuel outlet opening, and wherein at least two circumferentially spaced-apart channels have first openings in an inner wall defining the oxygen-fuel transport passageway and cooperate to define the flow-expansion section and each channel also has a second opening in the outlet end face of the oxygen-fuel nozzle. 17. The burner assembly of claim 16, wherein a first group of the upstream oxygen-injection holes are located a first distance from the oxygen-fuel outlet opening, a second group of the upstream oxygen-injection holes are located a second distance from the oxygen-fuel outlet opening, and the second distance is less than the first distance. 18. The burner assembly of claim 16, wherein the oxygen-fuel nozzle includes an annular wall lying between the inlet and outlet openings and lying in spaced-apart relation to an outer tube surrounding the oxygen-fuel nozzle to define the oxygen-flow passage therebetween, the annular wall is formed to include the upstream oxygen-injection holes, and the upstream oxygen-injection holes are positioned to lie in circumferentially spaced-apart relation to one another around the annular wall of the oxygen-fuel nozzle to conduct oxygen from the oxygen flow passage into the oxygen-fuel transport passageway, and wherein the flow-expansion section is located between the upstream oxygen-injection holes and the oxygen-fuel outlet opening. 19. The burner assembly of claim 16, wherein the oxygen-fuel nozzle includes an annular wall lying between the inlet and outlet openings and lying in spaced-apart relation to an outer tube surrounding the oxygen-fuel nozzle to define the oxygen-flow passage therebetween, the annular wall is formed to include the upstream oxygen-injection holes, and the upstream oxygen-injection holes are positioned to lie in circumferentially spaced-apart relation to one another around the annular wall of the oxygen-fuel nozzle to conduct oxygen from the oxygen flow passage into the oxygen-fuel transport passageway, and wherein the flow-expansion section is located between the fuel inlet opening and the upstream oxygen-injection holes.