Oil-in-water fungicidal formulations are prepared having pigment dispersed therein, the pigment being stable within the oil-in-water emulsion as a result of the addition of suitable silicone surfactants and suitable emulsifiers. The formulations can be prepared either as a 2-pack formulation or as a
Oil-in-water fungicidal formulations are prepared having pigment dispersed therein, the pigment being stable within the oil-in-water emulsion as a result of the addition of suitable silicone surfactants and suitable emulsifiers. The formulations can be prepared either as a 2-pack formulation or as a single formulation. In the case of the single formulation polyethylene glycol is also added. In either case, the formulations show a synergistic effect through the addition of the pigment, the resulting formulations having an increased efficacy. Further, the formulations show a synergistic effect when mixed with conventional chemical fungicides, both being added in reduced amounts compared to recommended rates.
대표청구항▼
1. A method for improving turfgrass health, the method comprising applying to the turfgrass an effective amount of a formulation comprising: a paraffinic oil;one or more emulsifiers, each of which is independently selected from the group consisting of natural and synthetic alcohol ethoxylates, alcoh
1. A method for improving turfgrass health, the method comprising applying to the turfgrass an effective amount of a formulation comprising: a paraffinic oil;one or more emulsifiers, each of which is independently selected from the group consisting of natural and synthetic alcohol ethoxylates, alcohol alkoxylates, glycerol oleate, and nonyl phenol ethoxylates;a pigment;a silicone surfactant; andwater,wherein the silicone surfactant represents from about 0.1 wt % to about 5 wt % of the total weight of the paraffinic oil, the one or more emulsifiers, the pigment, and the silicone surfactant;wherein the one or more emulsifiers represent from about 0.5 wt % to about 5 wt % of the total weight of the paraffinic oil, the one or more emulsifiers, the pigment, and the silicone surfactant;wherein the pigment represents from about 1 wt % to about 10 wt % of the total weight of the paraffinic oil, the one or more emulsifiers, the pigment, and the silicone surfactant; and wherein the formulation is an oil-in-water emulsion and the one or more emulsifiers and the silicone surfactant are selected such that the pigment is maintained in dispersion in the oil-in-water emulsion for delivery to the turfgrass. 2. The method of claim 1, wherein the pigment comprises a phthalocyanine. 3. The method of claim 2, wherein the pigment comprises a polychlorinated (Cu II) phthalocyanine. 4. The method of claim 1, wherein the paraffinic oil comprises an isoparaffinic oil. 5. The method of claim 4, wherein the isoparaffinic oil is a synthetic isoparaffinic oil. 6. The method of claim 1, wherein the isoparaffinic oil has an independently selected carbon number distribution of from C16 to C35. 7. The method of claim 1, wherein each of the one or more emulsifiers is independently selected from the group consisting of polyoxyethylene (4 to 7) lauryl ether (C12); polyoxyethylene (10) cetyl ether (C16), polyoxyethylene (2 to 11) C12-C15 alcohols, polyoxyethylene (3 to 9) C11-C14 alcohols, and polyoxyethylene (9) C12-C14 alcohols. 8. The method of claim 1, wherein each of the one or more emulsifiers is independently selected from the group consisting of natural or synthetic alcohol ethoxylate, glycerol oleate, and nonyl phenol ethoxylates. 9. The method of claim 8, wherein each of the one or more emulsifiers is independently selected from the group consisting of polyoxyethylene (4 to 12) lauryl ether (C12); polyoxyethylene (10) cetyl ether (C16); polyoxyethylene (10) stearyl ether (C18); polyoxyethylene (10) oleyl ether (C18 monounsaturated); polyoxyethylene (2 to 11) C12-C15 alcohols; polyoxyethylene (3 to 9) C11-C14 alcohols; polyoxyethylene (9) C12-C14 alcohols; polyoxyethylene (11) C16-C18 alcohols; polyoxyethylene (20) C12-C15 alcohols, glycerol oleate, and polyoxyethylene (2 to 8) nonylphenol. 10. The method of claim 1, wherein each of the one or more emulsifiers is independently selected from a natural or synthetic alcohol ethoxylate and a glycerol oleate. 11. The method of claim 10, wherein each of the one or more emulsifiers is independently selected from the group consisting of polyoxyethylene (4 to 12) lauryl ether (C12); polyoxyethylene (10) cetyl ether (C16); polyoxyethylene (10) stearyl ether (C18); polyoxyethylene (10) oleyl ether (C18 monounsaturated); polyoxyethylene (2 to 11) C12-C15 alcohols; polyoxyethylene (3 to 9) C11-C14 alcohols; polyoxyethylene (9) C12-C14 alcohols; polyoxyethylene (11) C16-C18 alcohols; polyoxyethylene (20) C12-C15 alcohols, and glycerol oleate. 12. The method of claim 1, wherein the one or more emulsifiers represent from about 1 wt % to about 3 wt % of the total weight of the paraffinic oil, one or more emulsifiers, pigment, and silicone surfactant. 13. The method of claim 1, wherein the one or more emulsifiers represent about 2 wt % of the total weight of the paraffinic oil, one or more emulsifiers, pigment, and silicone surfactant. 14. The method of claim 1, wherein the silicone surfactant comprises polyethylene glycols (PEG) according to Formula (IV): R1—O—(CH2—CH2—O)n—R2 Formula (IV)where: R1═H or CH2═CH—CH2 or COCH3 R2═H or CH2═CH—CH2 or COCH3 n is greater than or equal to 1. 15. The method of claim 1, wherein: the silicone surfactant is selected from the group consisting of trisiloxanes and silicone polyethers of Formula I where R═H, CH3, or COCH3; x=1 to 24; n=0 or 1; and m=1. 16. The method of claim 1, wherein the one or more emulsifiers are selected from the group consisting of polyoxyethylene (4 to 7) lauryl ether (C12); polyoxyethylene (10) cetyl ether (C16), polyoxyethylene (2 to 11) C12-C15 alcohols, polyoxyethylene (3 to 9) C11-C14 alcohols, and polyoxyethylene (9) C12-C14 alcohols, andthe silicone surfactant comprises polyethylene glycols (PEG) according to Formula (IV): R1—O—(CH2—CH2—O)n—R2 Formula (IV)where: R1═H or CH2═CH—CH2 or COCH3 R2═H or CH2═CH—CH2 or COCH3 n is greater than or equal to 1. 17. The method of claim 16, wherein the pigment comprises a polychlorinated (Cu II) phthalocyanine. 18. The method of claim 1, wherein the formulation further comprises one or more chemical fungicides. 19. The method of claim 18, wherein each of the one or more chemical fungicides is independently selected from the group consisting of a demethylation inhibitor, a methyl benzimidazole carbamate, and a dicarboximide. 20. The method of claim 1, wherein the non-aqueous portion of the oil-in-water emulsion is applied to the turfgrass in a range of about 1 gal/acre (0.093 L/100 m2) to about 15 gal/acre (1.395 L/100 m2), a total spray volume of the oil-in-water emulsion being in a range of about 20 gal/acre (1.86 L/100 m2) to about 200 gal/acre (18.6 L/100 m2). 21. The method of claim 1, wherein the non-aqueous portion of the oil-in-water emulsion is applied to the turfgrass in a range of about 1 gal/acre (0.093 L/100 m2) to about 15 gal/acre (1.395 L/100 m2). 22. The method of claim 1, wherein the formulation comprises: a synthetic isoparaffinic oil having an independently selected carbon number distribution of from C16 to C35;one or more emulsifiers, each of which is independently selected from the group consisting of natural or synthetic alcohol ethoxylate, glycerol oleate, and nonyl phenol ethoxylates;a polychlorinated (Cu II) phthalocyanine; anda silicone surfactant, which is independently selected from the group consisting of trisiloxanes and silicone polyethers of Formula I where R═H, CH3, or COCH3; x=1 to 24; n=0 or ≧1; and m=1; andwater;wherein the silicone surfactant represents from about 0.1 wt % to about 5 wt % of the total weight of the paraffinic oil, one or more emulsifiers, polychlorinated (Cu II) phthalocyanine, and silicone surfactant;wherein the one or more emulsifiers represent from about 0.5 wt % to about 5 wt % of the total weight of the paraffinic oil, one or more emulsifiers, polychlorinated (Cu II) phthalocyanine, and silicone surfactant;wherein the polychlorinated (Cu II) phthalocyanine represents from about 1 wt % to about 10 wt % of the total weight of the paraffinic oil, one or more emulsifiers, polychlorinated (Cu II) phthalocyanine, and silicone surfactant; and wherein the formulation is an oil-in-water emulsion and the one or more emulsifiers and the silicone surfactant are selected such that the polychlorinated (Cu II) phthalocyanines is maintained in dispersion in the oil-in-water emulsion for delivery to the turfgrass. 23. The method of claim 1, wherein the root length of the turfgrass is increased. 24. The method of claim 1, wherein the root mass of the turfgrass is increased. 25. The method of claim 1, wherein the root density of the turfgrass is increased. 26. A method for controlling a turfgrass pest, the method comprising applying to the turfgrass an effective amount of a formulation comprising: a paraffinic oil;one or more emulsifiers, each of which is independently selected from the group consisting of natural and synthetic alcohol ethoxylates, alcohol alkoxylates, glycerol oleate, and nonyl phenol ethoxylates;a pigment;a silicone surfactant; andwater,wherein the silicone surfactant represents from about 0.1 wt % to about 5 wt % of the total weight of the paraffinic oil, the one or more emulsifiers, the pigment, and the silicone surfactant;wherein the one or more emulsifiers represent from about 0.5 wt % to about 5 wt % of the total weight of the paraffinic oil, the one or more emulsifiers, the pigment, and the silicone surfactant;wherein the pigment represents from about 1 wt % to about 10 wt % of the total weight of the paraffinic oil, the one or more emulsifiers, the pigment, and the silicone surfactant; and wherein the formulation is an oil-in-water emulsion and the one or more emulsifiers and the silicone surfactant are selected such that the pigment is maintained in dispersion in the oil-in-water emulsion for delivery to the turfgrass. 27. A method for controlling a turfgrass disease due to a fungus, the method comprising applying to the turfgrass an effective amount of a formulation comprising: a paraffinic oil;one or more emulsifiers, each of which is independently selected from the group consisting of natural and synthetic alcohol ethoxylates, alcohol alkoxylates, glycerol oleate, and nonyl phenol ethoxylates;a pigment;a silicone surfactant; andwater,wherein the silicone surfactant represents from about 0.1 wt % to about 5 wt % of the total weight of the paraffinic oil, the one or more emulsifiers, the pigment, and the silicone surfactant;wherein the one or more emulsifiers represent from about 0.5 wt % to about 5 wt % of the total weight of the paraffinic oil, the one or more emulsifiers, the pigment, and the silicone surfactant;wherein the pigment represents from about 1 wt % to about 10 wt % of the total weight of the paraffinic oil, the one or more emulsifiers, the pigment, and the silicone surfactant; and wherein the formulation is an oil-in-water emulsion and the one or more emulsifiers and the silicone surfactant are selected such that the pigment is maintained in dispersion in the oil-in-water emulsion for delivery to the turfgrass.
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