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A method for authenticating an object, comprising determining a physical dispersion pattern of a set of elements, determining a physical characteristic of the set of elements which is distinct from a physical characteristic producible by a transfer printing technology, determining a digital code ass

A method for authenticating an object, comprising determining a physical dispersion pattern of a set of elements, determining a physical characteristic of the set of elements which is distinct from a physical characteristic producible by a transfer printing technology, determining a digital code associated with the object defining the physical dispersion pattern, and authenticating the object by verifying a correspondence of the digital code with the physical dispersion pattern, and verifying the physical characteristic.

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1. A scanner for authenticating an object physically associated with a nondeterministic set of features having random and irreproducible characteristics, and an identifier, comprising: a semiconductor illuminator, configured to illuminate the object;a digital camera, configured to capture at least o

1. A scanner for authenticating an object physically associated with a nondeterministic set of features having random and irreproducible characteristics, and an identifier, comprising: a semiconductor illuminator, configured to illuminate the object;a digital camera, configured to capture at least one image comprising at least a portion of the nondeterministic set of features having random and irreproducible characteristics physically associated with the illuminated object;at least one automated processor configured to: control the digital camera to capture the at least one image comprising the at least the portion of the nondeterministic set of features having random and irreproducible characteristics,determine an authentication record associated with the identifier of the object, comprising a self-authenticating irreversible cryptographic digital hash of an authentic pattern comprising at least a portion of the nondeterministic set of features having random and irreproducible characteristics of an authentic object, preprocessed to normalize feature metrics and encode a set of likely altered features, having an error tolerant encoding to a predetermined amount of statistical deviation from the authentic pattern, based on which a statistically reliable authentication of the object may be performed, and from which the authentic pattern cannot be ascertained, andauthenticate the object in dependence on the captured at least one image and the determined authentication record associated with the identifier of the object by verifying a correspondence of the at least one image with the self-authenticating irreversible cryptographic digital hash, within the predetermined amount of statistical deviation from the authentic pattern; andan output, configured to convey a signal selectively corresponding to the authentication indicative of the authenticity of the object. 2. The scanner according to claim 1, wherein the determined authentication record is selected from a plurality of available authentication records associated with the object, each authentication record being encoded based on a different subset of the nondeterministic set of features having random and irreproducible characteristics of the authentic object. 3. The scanner according to claim 1, wherein the at least one automated processor is further configured to validate the determined authentication record based on a cryptographic digital signature. 4. The scanner according to claim 1, wherein the determined authentication record is selected from a plurality of available authentication records associated with the object, at least two of the available authentication records being cryptographically encoded according to different cryptographic functions. 5. The scanner according to claim 4, wherein at least two of the available authentication records are cryptographically encoded according to cryptographic functions having different levels of cryptographic security. 6. The scanner according to claim 1, wherein the set of features having random and irreproducible characteristics physically associated with an object comprises overt features. 7. The scanner according to claim 1, wherein the set of features having random and irreproducible characteristics physically associated with an object comprises covert features. 8. The scanner according to claim 1, wherein the authentication record comprises a set of overt features deterministically applied to the object. 9. The scanner according to claim 1, wherein the authentication record further comprises an encoding of a set of covert features deterministically applied to the object. 10. The handheld scanner according to claim 1, wherein the signal comprises probabilistic information representing a likelihood of authenticity of the object. 11. A method for authenticating an object having an identifier and a nondeterministic set of features having random and irreproducible characteristics, comprising: illuminating the object with a semiconductor illuminator;capturing, with a digital camera, at least one image comprising at least a portion of the nondeterministic set of features having random and irreproducible characteristics physically associated with the object;determining an authentication record associated with the identifier of the object, wherein the authentication record comprises a self-authenticating irreversible encoded cryptographic digital hash of at least a portion of an authentic nondeterministic set of features having random and irreproducible characteristics physically associated with the object, preprocessed to normalize feature metrics and encode a set of likely altered features, and being error tolerant to a predetermined amount of statistical deviation from the authentic nondeterministic set of features having random and irreproducible characteristics physically associated with the object, from which authenticity of the object may be assured and from which the authentic pattern cannot be ascertained;authenticating, with at least one automated processor, an authenticity of the object in dependence on the at least one image comprising the at least a portion of the nondeterministic set of features having random characteristics physically associated with the object, and the determined authentication record associated with the identifier of the object by verifying a correspondence of the at least one image with the self-authenticating irreversible encoded cryptographic digital hash within the predetermined amount of statistical deviation from the authentic pattern; andoutputting a signal selectively dependent on the authentication indicative of the authenticity of the object. 12. The method according to claim 11, further comprising validating the determined authentication record based on a cryptographic digital signature with the at least one automated processor. 13. The method according to claim 11, wherein at least two authentication records are available for determination, each being encoded based on a different subset of the authentic nondeterministic set of features having random and irreproducible characteristics physically associated with the object. 14. The method according to claim 13, wherein the authentication record comprises at least two available authentication records which are cryptographically encoded according to cryptographic functions having different levels of cryptographic security. 15. The method according to claim 11, wherein the set of random characteristics physically associated with an object comprises overt features. 16. The method according to claim 11, wherein the set of random characteristics physically associated with an object comprises covert features. 17. The method according to claim 11, wherein the semiconductor illuminator comprises a light emitting diode. 18. The method scanner according to claim 11, wherein the signal conveys probabilistic information representing a likelihood of authenticity of the object. 19. A method for authenticating an object having an identifier and a nondeterministic set of features having random and irreproducible characteristics, comprising: selecting an authentication record associated with an object, comprising a self-authenticating, irreversible, cryptographic digital hash, which is derived from an authentic nondeterministic set of features having random and irreproducible characteristics physically associated with the object, preprocessed to normalize feature metrics and encode a set of likely altered features, and being error tolerant to a predetermined amount of statistical deviation from the authentic nondeterministic set of features having random and irreproducible characteristics, the authentication record providing basis for a statistically reliable authentication of the object and from which the authentic set of random characteristics cannot be ascertained, comprising authentication information available from observation of the object;capturing at least one image comprising at least a subset of the nondeterministic set of features having random and irreproducible characteristics physically associated with the object illuminated by a semiconductor illuminator, a with a digital imager, wherein the digital imager is configured to distinguish printed characteristics from the at least a subset of the non-deterministic set of features having random and irreproducible characteristics;determining, with at least one automated processor, an authenticity of the object selectively in dependence on at least one image comprising the at least a subset of the nondeterministic set of features having random and irreproducible characteristics and the selected authentication record associated with the identifier of the object, by verifying a correspondence of the at least one image with the self-authenticating, irreversible, cryptographic digital hash, within the predetermined amount of statistical deviation from the authentic set of random characteristics; andoutputting a signal selectively corresponding to the determining, indicative of the authenticity of the object. 20. The method according to claim 19, wherein the authentication record is a selected one of a plurality of available authentication records, each being derived from a different subset of the nondeterministic set of features having random and irreproducible characteristics.