The invention relates to a rolling bearing arrangement (1, 26, 31, 34, 36, 37), preferably a large rolling bearing with a diameter of 0.5 or more, for mounting parts of an energy system, in particular as blade bearings for a wind turbine, comprising at least two relatively rotatable annular elements
The invention relates to a rolling bearing arrangement (1, 26, 31, 34, 36, 37), preferably a large rolling bearing with a diameter of 0.5 or more, for mounting parts of an energy system, in particular as blade bearings for a wind turbine, comprising at least two relatively rotatable annular elements (2, 3) arranged concentrically with one another and at least regionally inside one another, for connection to relatively rotatable parts of the energy system, wherein two relatively rotatable connecting elements (2, 3) are separated from each other by a gap (4) and at least partially overlap each other in the radial direction, wherein, further, provided in the region of the gap (4) in radially overlapping regions of the annular connecting elements (2, 3) are at least two rows of rolling elements (17, 18), each of which rolls along a respective two raceways (19, 20) that overlap each other at least regionally in the radial direction, wherein one or more raceways (19, 20) for rolling elements (17, 18) are disposed in radially overlapping sections (5, 6) in such fashion that the contact angle which the connecting line between the centers of the points of contact of a rolling element (17, 18) with its two raceways makes with the ring plane is equal to or greater than 45°, such that such an axial rolling bearing serves to transmit predominantly axially acting force components, and wherein at least one additional bearing is provided for transmitting predominantly radially acting force components and has a contact angle of less than 45°, preferably 25° or less, particularly 10° or less, wherein any raceways for radial rolling bearings that are incorporated directly into the annular connecting elements (2, 3) are, at most, ones having a maximum distance between them, perpendicular to the raceway surface, that is equal to or less than 25% of the largest distance perpendicular to the raceway surface between two raceways of an axial rolling-bearing row.
대표청구항▼
1. A rolling bearing arrangement (1, 26, 31, 34, 36, 37), for mounting parts of an energy system, comprising at least two relatively rotatable annular connecting elements (2, 3) arranged concentrically with one another and at least regionally inside one another, for connection to relatively rotatabl
1. A rolling bearing arrangement (1, 26, 31, 34, 36, 37), for mounting parts of an energy system, comprising at least two relatively rotatable annular connecting elements (2, 3) arranged concentrically with one another and at least regionally inside one another, for connection to relatively rotatable parts of the energy system, wherein the two relatively rotatable connecting elements (2, 3) are separated from each other by a gap (4) and at least partially overlap each other in the radial direction, wherein, further, provided in the region of the gap (4) in radially overlapping regions of the annular connecting elements (2, 3) are at least two rows of rolling elements (17, 18) each rolling element rolls along a respective two raceways (19, 20) that overlap each other at least regionally in the radial direction, wherein one or more raceways (19, 20) for rolling elements (17, 18) are disposed in radially overlapping sections (5, 6) in such fashion that the contact angle which the connecting line between the centers of the points of contact of the rolling element (17, 18) with the respective two raceways makes with the ring plane is equal to or greater than 45°, such that the rolling bearing serves to transmit predominantly axially acting force components, and wherein at least one additional bearing is provided for transmitting predominantly radially acting force components and whose resulting contact angle is less than 45°, characterized in that the rolling elements (17, 18) in the at least two rows of rolling elements (17, 18) transmitting predominantly axially acting forces have a spherical shape, and wherein the additional bearing for transmitting predominantly radially acting force components (i) either has no raceways for radial rolling bearings incorporated directly into the annular connecting elements (2, 3) or (ii) has only such raceways for a radial rolling bearing incorporated directly into the annular connecting elements (2, 3) having a maximum distance between them, perpendicular to the raceway surface, that is equal to or less than 25% of the largest distance between the two raceways of one of the at least two rows of rolling elements (17, 18) transmitting predominantly axially acting forces, perpendicular to the raceway surface. 2. The rolling bearing arrangement (1, 26, 31, 34, 36, 37) as in claim 1, characterized in that the radial overlap of two connecting elements (2, 3) is equal to or greater than the radius of one of the rolling elements (17, 18) rolling in the radially overlapping region. 3. The rolling bearing arrangement (1, 26, 31, 34, 36, 37) as in claim 1, characterized in that each raceway (19, 20) incorporated into a connecting element (2, 3) extends into a radially overlapping region of the two connecting elements (2, 3) that are adjacent the gap (4), at least partially or along a radial extent that is the size of the radius of one of the rolling elements (17, 18) that roll along the said raceway (19, 20), or more. 4. The rolling bearing arrangement (1, 26, 31, 34, 36, 37) as in claim 1, characterized in that each cross-sectionally concave raceway (19, 20) of the two rolling-element rows (17, 18) extends into a radially overlapping region (5, 6) of the two connecting elements (2, 3) that are adjacent the gap (4), at least partially or along a radial extent that is the size of the radius of one of the rolling elements (17, 18) that roll along the said raceway (19, 20), or more. 5. The rolling bearing arrangement (1, 26, 31, 34, 36, 37) as in claim 1, characterized in that no cross-sectionally concavely curved raceway for the rolling elements is incorporated into a connecting element (2, 3) in non-radially-overlapping regions (22) of the gap (4) between two connecting elements (2, 3). 6. The rolling bearing arrangement (1, 26, 31, 34, 36, 37) as in claim 1, characterized in that no cross-sectionally concavely curved raceway for rolling elements is provided in a section (22) of the gap (4) between the two rows of rolling elements (17, 18) rolling within the gap (4) along the respective two raceways (19, 20) that overlap each other at least regionally in the radial direction. 7. The rolling bearing arrangement (1, 26, 36, 37, 31, 34) as in claim 1, characterized in that the row of sliding bearings or sliding elements (33, 35, 38, 39) or the row of wire rolling bearings (27) extends annularly around a (circle) center point (K) of the rolling bearing arrangement (1, 26, 36, 37, 31, 34), as a closed ring, or as a closed ring comprised of ring segments placed alongside one another or fitted in alignment inside one another. 8. The rolling bearing arrangement (1, 26, 36, 37, 31, 34) as in claim 1, characterized in that in a groove-shaped depression (25) with a curved groove base, the curvature is implemented as convex relative to a (circle) center point (K) of the rolling bearing arrangement (1, 26, 36, 37, 31, 34). 9. The rolling bearing arrangement (1, 26, 36, 37, 31, 34) as in claim 1, characterized in that the additional bearing for transmitting predominantly radially acting force components comprises a radial rolling or sliding element row (23, 27, 33, 35, 38, 39) which is disposed in a circumferential groove-shaped depression (25) in one of the two relatively rotatable connecting elements (2, 3). 10. The rolling bearing arrangement (1, 26, 36, 37, 31, 34) as in claim 1, characterized in that the additional bearing for transmitting predominantly radially acting force components comprises a sliding ring (35, 38, 39) and/or a sliding element (27) which is guided in at least one circumferential depression (25). 11. The rolling bearing arrangement (1, 26, 31, 34, 36, 37) as in claim 1, characterized in that the additional bearing for transmitting predominantly radially acting force components comprises a rolling bearing (23) having a plurality of race wires (24) with convex cross sections, which is provided in a section (22) of the gap (4) between two rows of rolling elements (17, 18) that roll within the gap (4) along the respective two raceways (19, 20) that overlap each other at least regionally in the radial direction. 12. The rolling bearing arrangement (1, 26, 36, 37, 31, 34) as in claim 11, characterized in that at least one of the race wires (24) is received in at least one circumferential depression (25). 13. The rolling bearing arrangement (1, 26, 36, 37, 31, 34) as in claim 11, characterized in that the plurality of race wires (24) are each disposed in the region of a respective channel on the bottom of a respective groove-shaped recess in the connecting elements of the rolling bearing arrangement (1, 26, 36, 37, 31, 34), in the center of which a plurality of additional spherical rolling elements (23) roll along the race wires. 14. The rolling bearing arrangement (1, 26, 31, 34, 36, 37) as in claim 1, characterized in that the additional bearing for transmitting predominantly radially acting force components is implemented as a sliding bearing (27, 33, 38, 29) which is provided in a section (22) of the gap (4) between the two rows of rolling elements (17, 18) that roll within the gap (4) along the respective two raceways (19, 20) that overlap each other at least regionally in the radial direction. 15. The rolling bearing arrangement (1, 26, 36, 37, 31, 34) as in claim 1, characterized in that the additional bearing for transmitting predominantly radially acting force components comprises a single- or multi-row arrangement of segments or rings made of a sliding bearing material or of plastic, which sliding bearing material or plastic is coated on one or more sides or which encases steel or metal cores, wherein the single- or multi-row arrangement of segments or rings made of a sliding bearing or of a plastic, is able to rotate clockwise or counterclockwise relative to the directly adjacent connecting elements (2, 3). 16. The rolling bearing arrangement (1, 26, 36, 37, 31, 34) as in claim 1, characterized in that the additional bearing for transmitting predominantly radially acting force components comprises a running element (29) incorporated into at least one of the relatively rotatable supporting or connecting elements (2, 3, 10, 11), which is disposed adjacent at least one sliding element (27) positioned in the gap (4), wherein on the corresponding side of the relatively rotatable supporting or connecting element (2, 3, 10, 11), said sliding element (27) is radially supported or received by at least one elastic element (30) disposed in another depression (28). 17. The rolling bearing arrangement (1, 26, 36, 37, 31, 34) as in claim 16, characterized in that the running element (29) and/or the elastic element (30) disposed on the opposite side (i) are harder than the surrounding material of the connecting element (2, 3, 10, 11), and/or (ii) are of nearly identical hardness, while the sliding element (27) also has a different hardness from the surrounding material of the connecting element (2, 3, 10, 11). 18. The rolling bearing arrangement (1, 26, 36, 37, 31, 34) as in claim 1, characterized in that the supporting of primarily radially acting force components causes sliding friction of the connecting elements (2, 3, 10, 11) in the radial direction. 19. The rolling bearing arrangement (1, 26, 36, 37, 31, 34) as in claim 1, characterized in that the connecting elements (2, 3, 10, 11) that are in mutual contact are placed at least intermittently in friction with brass elements and rolling bearing steel and/or plastic elements and rolling bearing steel disposed in the rolling bearing arrangement (1, 26, 36, 37, 31, 34). 20. The rolling bearing arrangement (1, 26, 36, 37, 31, 34) as in claim 1, characterized in that the additional bearing for transmitting predominantly radially acting force components comprises inlays or sliding elements (27, 33) or rings (38, 39) or sliding ring segments (35) made of brass or steel or plastic or of a material having dry running properties, which are introduced into the rolling bearing arrangement (1, 26, 36, 37, 31, 34) to support the primarily radially acting force components. 21. The rolling bearing arrangement (1, 26, 36, 37, 31, 34) as in claim 20, characterized in that sliding inlays or sliding elements (27, 33) or sliding rings (38, 39) or sliding ring segments (35) are covered or coated with an overlay of material that alters the sliding friction, or inhibits the sliding friction, or increases the sliding friction. 22. The rolling bearing arrangement (1, 26, 36, 37, 31, 34) as in claim 21, characterized in that the material overlay altering the sliding friction is alternatively applied to at least one of the relatively rotatable mounting or connecting elements (2, 3, 10, 11), particularly in the form of a coating. 23. The rolling bearing arrangement (1, 26, 36, 37, 31, 34) as in claim 1, characterized in that in regions in which dynamic sliding friction occurs, the radial extent of the gap (4) is at least intermittently reduced to zero. 24. The rolling bearing arrangement (1, 26, 36, 37, 31, 34) as in claim 1, characterized in that the additional bearing for transmitting predominantly radially acting force components is embodied as single- or multi-row arrangement of segments or rings made of plastic or of fiber-reinforced plastic, and/or as a cage band or a plurality of cage bands, each of which receives nonferrous-metal, graphite, steel or ceramic elements embedded in the segment or ring. 25. The rolling bearing arrangement (1, 26, 36, 37, 31, 34) as in claim 1, characterized in that the additional bearing for transmitting predominantly radially acting force components comprises at least one needle bearing cage segment band or needle bearing ring, which receives needle rolling elements or needle rolling elements of nonferrous metal, graphite, steel or ceramic, which are embedded in the needle bearing cage segment band or needle bearing ring, wherein the individual axes of rotation of the needle rolling elements are aligned in the axial direction parallel to the axis of rotation at the (circle) center point (K) of the rolling bearing arrangement (1, 26, 36, 37, 31, 34). 26. The rolling bearing arrangement (1, 26, 36, 37, 31, 34) as in claim 1, characterized in that either the rolling elements (17, 18) arranged in the radially overlapping sections (5, 6) and provided to support primarily axial force components and/or rolling- or sliding-elements of the additional bearing for transmitting predominantly radially acting force components is/are each implemented as a single-piece rolling-element ring (49), ideally having a circular cross section, that revolves around the (circle) center point (K) of the rolling bearing arrangement (1, 26, 36, 37, 31, 34), or alternatively—for example for purposes of temperature equalization or ease of assembly—is implemented as consisting of at least two or more individual ring segments (50) of the same ring (49). 27. The rolling bearing arrangement (1, 26, 36, 37, 31, 34) as in claim 26, characterized in that the circumferential rolling-element ring (49) is implemented, or, alternatively, the individual ring segments (50) are implemented, as a steel ring, or as a gas-nitrocarburized steel ring, or as a brass or copper ring, or as a plastic ring, or as a plastic ring with fiber-reinforced material inlays or cores, or as a plastic ring with material components composed of graphite or PTFE, wherein the hardness of the rolling-element ring(s) (49) or ring segment(s) (50) is (i) lower than the surface hardness of surrounding mounting or connecting elements (2, 3, 10, 11), or (ii) lower than or only slightly higher than 50 HRC, wherein said rolling element ring (49) or said ring segments (50) optionally have one or more additional coatings. 28. The rolling bearing arrangement (1, 26, 36, 37, 31, 34) as in claim 1, characterized in that the additional bearing for transmitting predominantly radially acting force components comprises roller- or barrel-shaped rolling elements (17, 18, 40) each having rounded transitional regions (42, 43) between a lateral surface (41) and an end face (44, 45) of the rolling element. 29. The rolling bearing arrangement (1, 26, 36, 37, 31, 34) as in claim 1, characterized in that the additional bearing for transmitting predominantly radially acting force components comprises roller- or barrel-shaped rolling elements (17, 18, 40) rolling in the at least one raceway (19, 20) and having a lateral surface (41) (i) with a curvature (radius R) in its longitudinal direction, or (ii) at least on one side, with a convex curvature with respect to an axis (46) of symmetry or rotation of the said rolling element (17, 18, 40), wherein the geometry of the associated raceway (19, 20) includes a similar curvature (radius R), with the result that the contour of the lateral surface (41) of the associated roller- or barrel-shaped rolling element fits into the raceway contour of the particular raceway. 30. The rolling bearing arrangement (1, 26, 36, 37, 31, 34) as in claim 1, characterized in that the rolling elements (17, 18) in radially overlapping sections (5, 6) have mutually different diameters (D1, D2). 31. The rolling bearing arrangement (1, 26, 36, 37, 31, 34) as in claim 1, for mounting parts of a wind power plant to one another, wherein the rolling bearing arrangement (1, 26, 36, 37, 31, 34) is mounted between connecting surfaces (15, 16) of at least two relatively rotatable system parts, specifically on a rotor blade of the wind power plant, on the one side, and on a rotor hub of the wind power plant, on the other side.
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이 특허에 인용된 특허 (3)
Eakman Kenneth J. ; Coons Terry L. ; Andres Michael ; Miller Lance F., Backup bearing for magnetic bearings.
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