대표
청구항
▼
1. A three-dimensional fabric item comprising at least one complementary fabric and at least one interacting woven fabric, wherein the complementary fabric is a pre-produced, in itself structurally stable, fabric, and wherein the interacting woven fabric comprises interlaced warps and wefts, wherein at least some of the warps and/or wefts of the interacting woven fabric penetrate through the complementary fabric in the thickness direction, whereby the complementary fabric and interacting woven fabric are connected to each other at their intersecting junc...
1. A three-dimensional fabric item comprising at least one complementary fabric and at least one interacting woven fabric, wherein the complementary fabric is a pre-produced, in itself structurally stable, fabric, and wherein the interacting woven fabric comprises interlaced warps and wefts, wherein at least some of the warps and/or wefts of the interacting woven fabric penetrate through the complementary fabric in the thickness direction, whereby the complementary fabric and interacting woven fabric are connected to each other at their intersecting junction forming a three-dimensional fabric item, wherein at least one complementary fabric and at least one interacting woven fabric have relatively different structural architectures, the structural architecture of said at least one interacting woven fabric being individual single woven layer(s) and the structural architecture of said at least one complementary fabric comprising at least one of: woven 2.5D fabric, woven 3D fabric, knitted, braided, any type of non-woven, laced, embroidered, non-crimp fabric (NCF), unidirectional, net and pile type fabric. 2. The three-dimensional fabric item of claim 1, wherein said item is in the form of a profiled cross-section beam wherein its constituent complementary fabric is either its web or flange and its constituent interacting woven fabric is correspondingly either its flange or web. 3. The three-dimensional fabric item of claim 1, wherein said item is in a form other than that of a profiled cross-section beam, wherein its constituent complementary fabric is one of the members or sections or components or parts, and its constituent interacting woven fabric is the other member or section or component or part of the three-dimensional fabric object. 4. The three-dimensional fabric item of claim 1, comprising at least a combination of two complementary fabrics. 5. The three-dimensional fabric item of claim 4, wherein said at least two complementary fabrics both are penetrated by warps and/or wefts of a common interacting woven fabric. 6. The three-dimensional fabric item of claim 1, comprising a combination of at least two interacting woven fabrics. 7. The three-dimensional fabric item of claim 1, wherein at least one interacting woven fabric extends from both face sides of a complementary fabric. 8. The three-dimensional fabric item of claim 1, wherein at least one interacting woven fabric either extends between two walls of individual separated complementary fabrics or two walls of a single curving complementary fabric. 9. The three-dimensional fabric item of claim 1, wherein at least one of the complementary fabric(s) is at least one of uniaxial, biaxial, triaxial, quadaxial, and multiaxial type. 10. The three-dimensional fabric item of claim 1, wherein at least one of the complementary fabric(s) is in at least one of flat configuration and shaped configuration, or in a combination of these configurations. 11. The three-dimensional fabric item of claim 1, wherein at least one of the complementary fabric(s) forms at least one of a solid, a shell, a hollow, and a solid with openings, or a combination of these types. 12. The three-dimensional fabric item of claim 1, wherein two or more adjacently occurring complementary fabrics and/or interacting woven fabrics are connected to each other by additional fastening, said additional fastening preferably being at least one of sewing, stitching, stapling, bonding, fusing and pinning. 13. A method for producing a three-dimensional fabric item comprising at least one complementary fabric and at least one interacting woven fabric interacting in a mutual through thickness manner, said method comprising the steps: providing at least one pre-produced, in itself structurally stable, complementary fabric; andweaving at least one interacting woven fabric by interlacing warps and wefts, wherein at least some of the warps and/or wefts penetrate through the complementary fabric, whereby the interacting woven fabric and complementary fabric are connected to each other at their intersecting junction forming a three-dimensional woven fabric item, wherein at least one complementary fabric and at least one interacting woven fabric have relatively different structural architectures, the structural architecture of said at least one interacting woven fabric being individual single woven layer(s) and the structural architecture of said at least one complementary fabric comprising at least one of: woven 2.5D fabric, woven 3D fabric, knitted, braided, any type of non-woven, laced, embroidered, non-crimp fabric (NCF), unidirectional, net and pile type fabric. 14. The method of claim 13, wherein a set of two or more architecturally similar or different individual complementary fabrics are provided. 15. The method of claim 13, wherein the at least one provided complementary fabric is held with at least one of its face sides facing in the direction of the warp yarns of said interacting woven fabric. 16. The method of claim 13, wherein the provided complementary fabric is held with its face sides perpendicular to or at an angle to the weft insertion directions of said interacting woven fabric(s). 17. The method of claim 13, wherein the weaving step comprises the steps of: forming sheds by displacing the warp yarns in a direction other than the thickness direction of the interacting woven fabric being produced;inserting wefts into said sheds and penetrating through said complementary fabric; andpacking the inserted wefts at fabric fell position using at least some of the warp yarns displaced for shedding. 18. The method of claim 13, wherein the weaving of the interacting woven fabric comprises forming the shed facing in the direction of the complementary fabric to direct the insertion of weft for penetrating through the complementary fabric perpendicularly or at an angle relative to the surface of the complementary fabric. 19. The method of claim 13, wherein the steps of shedding and weft inserting are performed at a mutually constant positional relationship. 20. The method of claim 13, wherein weaving of woven fabric comprises forming sheds simultaneously at two face sides of the complementary fabric to form interacting woven fabric that extends on both said face sides of said complementary fabric. 21. The method of claim 13, wherein the provided complementary fabric is held stationary about an axis or held intermittently stationary and intermittently turned about an axis during weaving. 22. The method of claim 13, wherein the weaving step further comprises the step of maintaining a constant width of the produced interacting woven fabric. 23. An apparatus for producing a three-dimensional fabric item comprising at least one complementary fabric and at least one interacting woven fabric, said apparatus comprising: a holder or clamping arrangement for holding a pre-produced, in itself structurally stable, complementary fabric;a weaving system for weaving an interacting woven fabric by interlacing warps and wefts, wherein at least some of the warps and/or wefts penetrate through the held complementary fabric in the thickness direction, whereby the complementary fabric and interacting woven fabric are connected to each other at their intersecting junction forming a three-dimensional woven fabric item, wherein at least one complementary fabric and at least one interacting woven fabric have relatively different structural architectures, the structural architecture of said at least one interacting woven fabric being individual single woven layer(s) and the structural architecture of said at least one complementary fabric comprising at least one of: woven 2.5D fabric, woven 3D fabric, knitted, braided, any type of non-woven, laced, embroidered, non-crimp fabric (NCF), unidirectional, net and pile type fabric. 24. The apparatus of claim 23, wherein the holder or clamping arrangement comprises clamps for holding the complementary fabric during weaving. 25. The apparatus of claim 23, wherein the holder or clamping arrangement is arranged to hold the complementary fabric stationary about an axis or to hold the complementary fabric intermittently stationary and intermittently turned about an axis during weaving. 26. The apparatus of claim 23, wherein the weaving system comprises: a shedding arrangement for forming sheds by displacing the supplied warp yarns in a direction other than in the thickness direction of the interacting woven fabric being produced;a weft inserting arrangement for inserting weft yarns into said sheds and penetrating through the complementary fabric;an advancing arrangement for enabling formation of successive shed and insertion of successive weft. 27. The apparatus of claim 23, wherein the shedding arrangement comprises a plurality of shedding units, each shedding unit being able to produce an individual interacting woven fabric layer to integrate with the complementary fabric. 28. The apparatus of claim 23, wherein at least one shedding unit in the shedding arrangement is movable in one or more planes to enable production of a corresponding number of individual interacting woven fabrics that are relatively parallel or non-parallel to each other and parallel or non-parallel to an edge of the complementary fabric. 29. The apparatus of claim 23, wherein two or more shedding units in the shedding arrangement face in same direction or at an angle to each other or oppositely. 30. The apparatus of claim 23, wherein the orientation of the shed formed by the shedding arrangement is perpendicular or at an angle relative to the face of the complementary fabric to correspondingly direct the insertion of weft through complementary fabric. 31. The apparatus of claim 23, wherein a shedding unit comprises at least one heald for displacing an individual warp for enabling weaving between said warp yarn and the complementary fabric. 32. The apparatus of claim 31, wherein the shedding arrangement allows the complementary fabric to pass between its healds. 33. The apparatus of claim 23, wherein the weft inserting arrangement inserts the wefts as singles or doubled/folded through the shed and penetrates through the complementary fabric perpendicularly or at an angle relative to the surface of the complementary fabric. 34. The apparatus of claim 23, wherein the shedding arrangement and the weft inserting arrangement are moveable and have a constant positional relationship. 35. The apparatus of claim 23, wherein the advancing arrangement is arranged to support the shedding and weft inserting units to traverse and guide them in linear or angular or curving or circular or suitable combination of these paths to facilitate formation of successive sheds and insertion of successive wefts for enabling uniform/consistent production of the required 3D fabric item. 36. The apparatus of claim 23, wherein a clamping arrangement is further included in the weaving system for maintaining a constant width of the produced interacting woven fabric. 37. A composite material reinforced with a three-dimensional fabric item according to claim 1.
