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An aqueous dental glass ionomer composition comprising (a) a reactive particulate glass, (b) a linear or branched polymer comprising acidic groups, which is reactive with the particulate glass in a cement reaction, whereby the linear or branched polymer comprising acidic groups has a polymer backbon

An aqueous dental glass ionomer composition comprising (a) a reactive particulate glass, (b) a linear or branched polymer comprising acidic groups, which is reactive with the particulate glass in a cement reaction, whereby the linear or branched polymer comprising acidic groups has a polymer backbone and optionally pendant groups, (c) optionally dispersed nanoparticles comprising grafted linear or branched polymer chains comprising acidic groups, and having a polymer backbone characterized in that a polymer backbone of the linear or branched polymer of component (b) and/or, if present, the grafted linear or branched polymer chains of component (c) are obtainable a process comprising (i) cyclopolymerizing or cyclocopolymerizing one or more compounds of the following formula (I):

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1. A process for the preparation of dispersed nanoparticles, the process comprising: condensing a mixture containing one or more compounds of the following formulae (II), (III), or (IV) or a hydrolysis product thereof to form the nanoparticles: X′mR3-mSiL  (II)X′mR2-mSiL′L″  (II)X′mSiL′L″L′″  (IV)wh

1. A process for the preparation of dispersed nanoparticles, the process comprising: condensing a mixture containing one or more compounds of the following formulae (II), (III), or (IV) or a hydrolysis product thereof to form the nanoparticles: X′mR3-mSiL  (II)X′mR2-mSiL′L″  (II)X′mSiL′L″L′″  (IV)wherein: X′ represents a hydrolyzable group;R represents an alkyl, cycloalkyl, cycloalkylalkyl, aralkyl, or aryl group;L, L′, L″, and L′″, which may be the same or different, are independent from each other and represent an organic group; andm is 1;whereby the sum of X′, R, L, L′, L″, and L′″ is 4 for each of formula (II), (III), and (IV), and wherein a portion of L, L′, L″, and L′″ is represented by the following formula: —[(CH2)oZ]q(CH2)pL″″wherein: Z represents an oxygen atom or a sulfur atom;L″″ represents a linear or branched polymer moiety comprising acidic groups and having optionally pendant groups;o and p, which are independent from each other, may be the same or different and represent an integer of from 1 to 6; andq represents an integer of from 0 to 12;wherein a polymer backbone of L″″ is obtained by a process comprising: (i) cyclopolymerizing or cyclocopolymerizing one or more compounds of the following formula (I): wherein: X is an oxygen atom, a sulfur atom, an NR7 group, or a CR8R9 group;Y1 and Y2, which are independent from each other, represent a CR8R9 group, or a single bond;R1 represents an alkyl group, a cycloalkyl group, an aryl group, a JCOOR10, JCN, JC(O)NHR11, or JC(O)NR12R13;R2, R3, R4, R5, R6, R7, R8, and R9, which are independent from each other, represent a hydrogen atom, an alkyl group, a cycloalkyl group, an aryl group, a JCOOR10, JCN, JC(O)NHR11, or JC(O)NR12R13;R10, R11, R12 and R13 which are independent from each other, represent a hydrogen atom, an alkyl group or an aryl group; andJ represents a single bond, an alkylene group, a cycloalkylene group, or an arylene group;whereby carboxylic acid groups present in R2 and R5, or R4 and R6, may form a carboxylic acid anhydride moiety;optionally (ii) reacting a polymer or copolymer obtained by a process comprising step (i) with a compound for introducing one or more functional groups selected from a polymerizable double bond, a thiol group, or a carboxylic acid group; andoptionally (iii) repeating step (ii) with a polymer or copolymer obtained by a process comprising step (ii) and (iii). 2. The process of claim 1, wherein the cyclocopolymerizing of one or more compounds of formula (I) is with one or more compound selected from the group consisting of acrylic acid, methacrylic acid, itaconic acid, itaconic acid anhydride, maleic acid, maleic anhydride, fumaric acid, methyl acrylate, ethyl acrylate, n-butyl acrylate, t-butyl acrylate, 2-ethylhexyl acrylate, methyl methacrylate, ethyl methacrylate, n-butyl methacrylate, t-butyl methacrylate, 2-ethylhexyl methacrylate, cyclohexyl methacrylate, phenyl acrylate, benzyl acrylate, phenyl methacrylate, benzyl methacrylate, 2-phenylethyl methacrylate, 2-hydroxyethyl acrylate, 2-hydroxyethyl methacrylate, hydroxypropyl acrylate, styrene, 8-methylstyrene, vinylpyridine, N-vinylpyrrolidone, vinyl carbazole, vinyldene halide, and acrylonitrile. 3. The process of claim 1 further comprising reacting a polymer or copolymer obtained by the cyclopolymerizing or cyclocopolymerizing of one or more compounds of formula (I) with a compound for introducing one or more functional groups selected from a polymerizable double bond, a thiol group or a carboxylic acid group, whereby the compound is a bifunctional compound having a functional group reactive with a carboxylic acid anhydride group, carboxylic acid group, or activated carboxylic acid group. 4. The process of claim 1, wherein the polymer backbone comprises acidic groups and/or wherein the pendant groups comprise acidic groups. 5. The process of claim 1, wherein the acidic groups are carboxylic acid groups. 6. The process of claim 1, wherein X is an oxygen atom or a CR8R9 group, wherein R8 and R9 are selected from a hydrogen atom, a JCOOR10, JCN, JC(O)NHR11, and JC(O)NR12R13. 7. The process of claim 1, wherein R2, R3, and R4 are hydrogen atoms. 8. The process of claim 1, wherein R5 and R6, which are independent from each other, represent COOR10, CN, C(O)NHR11 or C(O)NR12R13. 9. The process of claim 1, wherein R5 and R6, which are independent from each other, represent JCOOR10. 10. The process of claim 1, wherein the linear or branched polymer moiety comprising acidic groups has a molecular weight Mw in the range of more than 1000 to 1,000,000. 11. The process of claim 1, wherein the pendant groups comprise a thiol group. 12. The process of claim 1, wherein the nanoparticles have a size in the range of 1 to 100 nanometers. 13. A process for the preparation of dispersed nanoparticles, the process comprising: condensing a mixture containing one or more compounds of the following formulae (II), (III), or (IV) or a hydrolysis product thereof to form the nanoparticles: X′mR3-mSiL  (II)X′mR2-mSiL′L″  (II)X′mSiL′L″L′″  (IV)wherein: X′ represents a hydrolyzable group;R represents an alkyl, cycloalkyl, cycloalkylalkyl, aralkyl, or aryl group;L, L′, L″, and L′″, which may be the same or different, are independent from each other and represent an organic group; andm is 1;whereby the sum of X′, R, L, L′, L″, and L′″ is 4 for each of formula (II), (III), and (IV), and wherein a portion of L, L′, L″, and L′″ is represented by the following formula: —[(CH2)oZ]q(CH2)pL″″wherein: Z represents an oxygen atom or a sulfur atom;L″″ represents a linear or branched polymer moiety comprising acidic groups and having optionally pendant groups;o and p, which are independent from each other, may be the same or different and represent an integer of from 1 to 6; andq represents an integer of from 0 to 12;wherein a polymer backbone of L″″ is obtained by a process comprising: (i) cyclocopolymerizing one or more compounds of the following formula (I): wherein: X is an oxygen atom, a sulfur atom, an NR7 group, or a CR8R9 group;Y1 and Y2, which are independent from each other, represent a CR8R9 group, or a single bond;R1, R2, R3, R4, R5, R6, R7, R8, and R9, which are independent from each other, represent a hydrogen atom, an alkyl group, a cycloalkyl group, an aryl group, a JCOOR10, JCN, JC(O)NHR11, or JC(O)NR12R13;R10, R11, R12 and R13 which are independent from each other, represent a hydrogen atom, an alkyl group or an aryl group; andJ represents a single bond, an alkylene group, a cycloalkylene group, or an arylene group;whereby carboxylic acid groups present in R2 and R5, or R4 and R6, may form a carboxylic acid anhydride moiety;wherein the cyclocopolymerizing of one or more compounds of formula (I) is with one or more compound selected from the group consisting of acrylic acid, methacrylic acid, itaconic acid, itaconic acid anhydride, maleic acid, maleic anhydride, fumaric acid, methyl acrylate, ethyl acrylate, n-butyl acrylate, t-butyl acrylate, 2-ethylhexyl acrylate, methyl methacrylate, ethyl methacrylate, n-butyl methacrylate, t-butyl methacrylate, 2-ethylhexyl methacrylate, cyclohexyl methacrylate, phenyl acrylate, benzyl acrylate, phenyl methacrylate, benzyl methacrylate, 2-phenylethyl methacrylate, 2-hydroxyethyl acrylate, 2-hydroxyethyl methacrylate, hydroxypropyl acrylate, styrene, 8-methylstyrene, vinylpyridine, N-vinylpyrrolidone, vinyl carbazole, vinyldene halide, and acrylonitrile;optionally (ii) reacting a polymer or copolymer obtained by a process comprising step (i) with a compound for introducing one or more functional groups selected from a polymerizable double bond, a thiol group, or a carboxylic acid group; andoptionally (iii) repeating step (ii) with a polymer or copolymer obtained by a process comprising step (ii) and (iii). 14. The process of claim 13 further comprising reacting a polymer or copolymer obtained by the cyclocopolymerizing of one or more compounds of formula (I) with a compound for introducing one or more functional groups selected from a polymerizable double bond, a thiol group or a carboxylic acid group, whereby the compound is a bifunctional compound having a functional group reactive with a carboxylic acid anhydride group, carboxylic acid group, or activated carboxylic acid group. 15. The process of claim 13, wherein the polymer backbone comprises acidic groups and/or wherein the pendant groups comprise acidic groups. 16. The process of claim 13, wherein the acidic groups are carboxylic acid groups. 17. The process of claim 13, wherein X is an oxygen atom or a CR8R9 group, wherein R8 and R9 are selected from a hydrogen atom, a JCOOR10, JCN, JC(O)NHR11, and JC(O)NR12R13. 18. The process of claim 13, wherein R1, R2, R3, and R4 are hydrogen atoms. 19. The process of claim 1, wherein R5 and R6, which are independent from each other, represent COOR10, CN, C(O)NHR11 or C(O)NR12R13. 20. The process of claim 13, wherein R5 and R6, which are independent from each other, represent JCOOR10. 21. The process of claim 13, wherein the linear or branched polymer moiety comprising acidic groups has a molecular weight Mw in the range of more than 1000 to 1,000,000. 22. The process of claim 13, wherein the pendant groups comprise a thiol group. 23. The process of claim 13, wherein the nanoparticles have a size in the range of 1 to 100 nanometers. 24. A process for the preparation of dispersed nanoparticles, the process comprising: condensing a mixture containing one or more compounds of the following formulae (II), (III), or (IV) or a hydrolysis product thereof to form the nanoparticles: X′mR3-mSiL  (II)X′mR2-mSiL′L″  (II)X′mSiL′L″L′″  (IV)wherein: X′ represents a hydrolyzable group;R represents an alkyl, cycloalkyl, cycloalkylalkyl, aralkyl, or aryl group;L, L′, L″, and L′″, which may be the same or different, are independent from each other and represent an organic group; andm is 1;whereby the sum of X′, R, L, L′, L″, and L′″ is 4 for each of formula (II), (III), and (IV), and wherein a portion of L, L′, L″, and L′″ is represented by the following formula: —[(CH2)oZ]q(CH2)pL″″wherein: Z represents an oxygen atom or a sulfur atom;L″″ represents a linear or branched polymer moiety comprising acidic groups and having optionally pendant groups;o and p, which are independent from each other, may be the same or different and represent an integer of from 1 to 6; andq represents an integer of from 0 to 12;wherein a polymer backbone of L″″ is obtained by a process comprising: (i) cyclopolymerizing or cyclocopolymerizing one or more compounds of the following formula (I): wherein: X is an oxygen atom, a sulfur atom, an NR7 group, or a CR8R9 group;Y1 and Y2, which are independent from each other, represent a CR8R9 group, or a single bond;R1, R2, R3, R4, R5, R6, R7, R8, and R9, which are independent from each other, represent a hydrogen atom, an alkyl group, a cycloalkyl group, an aryl group, a JCOOR10, JCN, JC(O)NHR11, or JC(O)NR12R13;R10, R11, R12 and R13 which are independent from each other, represent a hydrogen atom, an alkyl group or an aryl group; andJ represents a single bond, an alkylene group, a cycloalkylene group, or an arylene group;whereby carboxylic acid groups present in R2 and R5, or R4 and R6, may form a carboxylic acid anhydride moiety;(ii) reacting a polymer or copolymer obtained by a process comprising step (i) with a compound for introducing one or more functional groups selected from a polymerizable double bond, a thiol group, and a carboxylic acid group, whereby the compound is a bifunctional compound having a functional group reactive with a carboxylic acid anhydride group, a carboxylic acid group, or an activated carboxylic acid group; andoptionally (iii) repeating step (ii) with a polymer or copolymer obtained by a process comprising step (ii) and (iii).