The invention relates generally to burn rate modifiers, plasticizers and propellants comprising a burn rate modifier and/or a plasticizer. The invention also relates to methods of producing a propellant comprising a burn rate modifier and/or a plasticizer as well as an ammunition cartridge comprisin
The invention relates generally to burn rate modifiers, plasticizers and propellants comprising a burn rate modifier and/or a plasticizer. The invention also relates to methods of producing a propellant comprising a burn rate modifier and/or a plasticizer as well as an ammunition cartridge comprising the propellant. The burn rate modifier and/or plasticiser comprises a compound of formula (1) (Formula (1)) and the propellant comprises a compound of formula 1 and an energetic material.
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1. A propellant comprising: an energetic material in the form of granules; anda compound of formula 1 wherein R1 is selected from the group consisting of —H, —OH, —O(C1-4alkyl),—C1-4alkyl,—NHC1-4alkyl, —N(C1-4alkyl)2, —NO2, —NHNH2, —N(C1-4alkyl)NH2, and —CN;R2 is selected from the group consisting
1. A propellant comprising: an energetic material in the form of granules; anda compound of formula 1 wherein R1 is selected from the group consisting of —H, —OH, —O(C1-4alkyl),—C1-4alkyl,—NHC1-4alkyl, —N(C1-4alkyl)2, —NO2, —NHNH2, —N(C1-4alkyl)NH2, and —CN;R2 is selected from the group consisting of —H, —OH, —O(C1-4alkyl), —C1-4alkyl,—NHC1-4alkyl, —N(C1-4alkyl)2, —NO2, —NHNH2, —N(C1-4alkyl)NH2, and —CN;R3 is selected from the group consisting of —H, —OH, —O(C1-4alkyl), —C1-4alkyl,—NHC1-4alkyl, —N(C1-4alkyl)2, —NO2, —NHNH2, —N(C1-4alkyl)NH2, and —CN; andn is an integer from 1 to 4. 2. The propellant according to claim 1, wherein the granules comprise a perforation. 3. The propellant according to claim 1, wherein the energetic material is selected from the group consisting of carbon black powder, ammonium perchlorate, hexogen, butanetrioltrinitrate, ethyleneglycol dintrate, diethyleneglycol dinitrate, erithritol tetranitrate, octogen, hexanitroisowurtzitane, metriol trinitrate, N-Methylnitramine, pentaerythritol tetranitrate, tetranitrobenzolamine, trinitrotoluene, nitroglcerine, nitrocellulose, mannitol hexanitrate, triethylene glycoldinitrate, guanidine, nitroguanidine, 3-nitro-1,2,4-triazol-5-one, ammonium nitrate, propanediol dinitrate, hexamine, 5-aminotetrazole, methyltetrazole, phenyltetrazole, polyglycidylnitrate, polyglycidylazide, poly[3-nitratomethyl-3-methyloxitane], poly[3-azidomethyl-3-methyloxitane], poly[3,3-bis(azidomethyl)oxitane], nitrated cyclodextrin polymers, poly glycidylnitrate, and combinations thereof. 4. The propellant according to claim 1, wherein the energetic material is nitrocellulose. 5. The propellant according to claim 1, wherein the compound of formula 1 is in the form of a coating on the surface of the granules. 6. The propellant according to claim 1, wherein the compound of formula 1 is dispersed throughout the granules. 7. The propellant according to claim 1, wherein the compound of formula 1 is dispersed throughout the granules and is in the form of a coating on the surface of the granules. 8. The propellant according to claim 1, further comprising a graphite layer. 9. A method of preparing a propellant, comprising coating granules of an energetic material with a compound of formula 1 or dispersing a compound of formula 1 throughout an energetic material and granulating the energetic material, wherein the compound of formula 1 is: wherein R1 is selected from the group consisting of —H, —OH, —O(C1-4alkyl),—C1-4alkyl,—NHC1-4alkyl, —N(C1-4alkyl)2, —NO2, —NHNH2, —N(C1-4alkyl)NH2, and —CN;R2 is selected from the group consisting of —H, —OH, —O(C1-4alkyl),—C1-4alkyl,—NHC1-4alkyl, —N(C1-4alkyl)2, —NO2, —NHNH2, —N(C1-4alkyl)NH2, and —CN;R3 is selected from the group consisting of —H, —OH, —O(C1-4alkyl),—C1-4alkyl,—NHC1-4alkyl, —N(C1-4alkyl)2, —NO2, —NHNH2, —N(C1-4alkyl)NH2, and —CN; andn is an integer from 1 to 4. 10. The method according to claim 9, wherein the granules of energetic material are formed by extruding a slurry of the energetic material to form an extrudate cord and cutting the extrudate cord. 11. The method according to claim 10, wherein the energetic material is extruded with a perforation. 12. The method according to claim 9, wherein the compound of formula 1 is diffused into the granules of energetic material. 13. An ammunition cartridge comprising a propellant according to claim 1. 14. The ammunition cartridge according to claim 13, comprising a casing, a primer and a projectile. 15. The propellant according to claim 1, wherein the compound of formula 1 is glycerol tribenzoate. 16. The propellant according to claim 1, wherein the energetic material is selected from the group consisting of carbon black powder, ammonium perchlorate, hexogen, butanetrioltrinitrate, ethyleneglycol dintrate, diethyleneglycol dinitrate, erithritol tetranitrate, octogen, hexanitroisowurtzitane, metriol trinitrate, N-Methylnitramine, pentaerythritol tetranitrate, tetranitrobenzolamine, trinitrotoluene, nitroglcerine, nitrocellulose, mannitol hexanitrate, triethylene glycol dinitrate, guanidine, nitroguanidine, 3-nitro-1,2,4-triazol-5-one, ammonium nitrate, propanediol dinitrate, hexamine, 5-aminotetrazole, methyltetrazole, phenyltetrazole, polyglycidylnitrate, polyglycidylazide, poly[3-nitratomethyl-3-methyloxitane], poly[3-azidomethyl-3-methyloxitane], poly[3,3-bis(azidomethyl)oxitane], nitrated cyclodextrin polymers, poly glycidylnitrate, and combinations thereof. 17. The method according to claim 9, wherein the compound of forumula 1 is glycerol tribenzoate. 18. The method according to claim 9, wherein the energetic material is selected from the group consisting of carbon black powder, ammonium perchlorate, hexogen, butanetrioltrinitrate, ethyleneglycol dintrate, diethyleneglycol dinitrate, erithritol tetranitrate, octogen, hexanitroisowurtzitane, metriol trinitrate, N-Methylnitramine, pentaerythritol tetranitrate, tetranitrobenzolamine, trinitrotoluene, nitroglcerine, nitrocellulose, mannitol hexanitrate, triethylene glycol dinitrate, guanidine, nitroguanidine, 3-nitro-1,2,4-triazol-5-one, ammonium nitrate, propanediol dinitrate, hexamine, 5-aminotetrazole, methyltetrazole, phenyltetrazole, polyglycidylnitrate, polyglycidylazide, poly[3-nitratomethyl-3-methyloxitane], poly[3-azidomethyl-3-methyloxitane], poly[3,3-bis(azidomethyl)oxitane], nitrated cyclodextrin polymers, poly glycidylnitrate, and combinations thereof. 19. An ammunition cartridge comprising a propellant comprising an energetic material; anda compound of formula 1: wherein R1 is selected from the group consisting of —H, —OH, —O(C1-4alkyl),—C1-4alkyl,—NHC1-4alkyl, —N(C1-4alkyl)2, —NO2, —NHNH2, —N(C1-4alkyl)NH2, and —CN;R2 is selected from the group consisting of —H, —OH, —O(C1-4alkyl),—C1-4alkyl,—NHC1-4alkyl, —N(C1-4alkyl)2, —NO2, —NHNH2, —N(C1-4alkyl)NH2, and —CN;R3 is selected from the group consisting of —H, —OH, —O(C1-4alkyl),—C1-4alkyl,—NHC1-4alkyl, —N(C1-4alkyl)2, —NO2, —NHNH2, —N(C1-4alkyl)NH2, and —CN; and n is an integer from 1 to 4. 20. A propellant comprising: an energetic material in the form of granules; anda compound of formula 1: wherein R1 is selected from the group consisting of —H, —OH, —O(C1-4alkyl),—C1-4alkyl,—NHC1-4alkyl, —N(C1-4alkyl)2, —NO2, —NHNH2, —N(C1-4alkyl)NH2, and —CN;R2 is selected from the group consisting of —H, —OH, —O(C1-4alkyl),—C1-4alkyl,—NHC1-4alkyl, —N(C1-4alkyl)2, —NO2, —NHNH2, —N(C1-4alkyl)NH2, and —CN;R3 is selected from the group consisting of —H, —OH, —O(C1-4alkyl),—C1-4alkyl,—NHC1-4alkyl, —N(C1-4alkyl)2, —NO2, —NHNH2, —N(C1-4alkyl)NH2, and —CN; and n is an integer from 1 to 4,and wherein:the compound of formula 1 is in the form of a coating on the granules, orthe compound of formula 1 is dispersed throughout the granules, orthe compound of formula 1 is dispersed throughout the granules and is in the form of a coating on the granules.
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이 특허에 인용된 특허 (11)
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O\Meara William L. (Leon FL) Murray Terry A. (Gadsden FL), Method of producing a nitrocellulose propellant containing a cellulosic burn rate modifier infiltrated therein.
Castrogiovanni Anthony (Belford NJ) Sandewicz Robert W. (Spotswood NJ) Amato Steven W. (Fanwood NJ), Nail enamels containing glyceryl, glycol or citrate esters.
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