Fiber optic sensor system for detection of electric currents and other phenomena associated with geomagnetic disturbances
원문보기
IPC분류정보
국가/구분
United States(US) Patent
등록
국제특허분류(IPC7판)
G01R-019/00
G01R-033/032
출원번호
US-0303215
(2014-06-12)
등록번호
US-10107839
(2018-10-23)
발명자
/ 주소
Lagakos, Nicholas
Hernandez, Patrick
Wells, David
Kaybulkin, Victor
출원인 / 주소
FIBER OPTIC SENSOR SYSTEMS TECHNOLOGY CORPORATION
대리인 / 주소
Hogan Lovells US LLP
인용정보
피인용 횟수 :
0인용 특허 :
14
초록▼
A fiber optic sensor system for measuring electric currents, such as the associated with geomagnetic disturbances and electromagnetic pulses. A fiber optic sensor system is disclosed including at least one light source, one or more first optical fibers having a first end arranged to receive light fr
A fiber optic sensor system for measuring electric currents, such as the associated with geomagnetic disturbances and electromagnetic pulses. A fiber optic sensor system is disclosed including at least one light source, one or more first optical fibers having a first end arranged to receive light from the light source(s) and transmit the light to at least one of the sensor, and one or more second optical fibers arranged to receive reflected light from the fiber optic sensors and transmit the reflected light to a light sensing element. Using the sensors and the system, it is possible to measure currents within a structure of interest, such as upon the grounded neutral of an electric power transformer, take multiple measurements of current at the same piece of equipment or at multiple locations, or measure current and other physical phenomena on separate materials or structures.
대표청구항▼
1. A sensor system for measuring electric current and other physical phenomena in an electric circuit comprising: at least two fiber optic sensors, at least one of which is a fiber optic current sensor; each fiber optic sensor including at least one optical fiber arranged to transmit light from a li
1. A sensor system for measuring electric current and other physical phenomena in an electric circuit comprising: at least two fiber optic sensors, at least one of which is a fiber optic current sensor; each fiber optic sensor including at least one optical fiber arranged to transmit light from a light source and at least one receiving optical fiber arranged to receive light;the fiber optic current sensor being capable of measuring electric currents operating at a frequency of less than 1 Hz; andat least one light sensing element for each of the sensors arranged to receive light from the at least one receiving optical fiber of the sensor;wherein each fiber optic sensor is arranged to receive light from a light source, and to modulate the intensity of the received light in proportion to a displacement of a reflective material caused by a physical phenomena detected by the sensor, and wherein the least one light sensing element for each sensor is configured to detect the modulated light; andwherein each fiber optic sensor is configured to measure the physical phenomena based on the detected intensity modulation of the light. 2. The system according to claim 1, wherein the electric current to be detected by the fiber optic current sensor is produced by a geomagnetic disturbance (GMD) or an electromagnetic pulse (EMP). 3. The system according to claim 1, wherein at least one fiber optic sensor comprises a static or dynamic pressure sensor, strain sensor, electromagnetic phenomena sensor, displacement sensor, acceleration sensor, or temperature sensor. 4. The system according to claim 1, wherein the fiber optic current sensor is capable of measuring electric current operating at a frequency of greater than 1 Hz. 5. The system according to claim 1, further comprising: at least one light source. 6. The system according to claim 5, wherein the at least one light source is powered by a common current source. 7. The system according to claim 5, wherein the light source is a light emitting diode or a laser. 8. The system according to claim 1, wherein the light sensing element is at least one of a PIN detector, a photodetector, a photodiode, a photomultiplier tube, or a semiconductor-metal detector. 9. The system according to claim 1, wherein the light sensing element converts the light received from the sensor into an electrical signal. 10. The system according to claim 9, wherein the system further comprises a converter to convert the electrical signal into a digital output. 11. The system according to claim 1, wherein the outputs from the light sensing elements are indicative of multiple instances of a physical phenomenon, including at least one of pressure, temperature, strain, acceleration, electromagnetic phenomena, displacement, or acceleration, or a combination of these physical phenomena. 12. The system according to claim 1, wherein the at least one receiving optical fiber comprises a plurality of receiving optical fibers. 13. The system according to claim 12, wherein the plurality of receiving optical fibers comprises six receiving optical fibers. 14. The system according to claim 13, wherein the sensor's six receiving optical fibers are arranged to transmit light into a second single receiving optical fiber having a larger diameter than the six receiving optical fibers, and the second larger diameter receiving optical fiber transmits the light from sensor's six receiving optical fibers to the light sensing element. 15. The system according to claim 1, wherein the sensors take measurements of a common structure. 16. The system according to claim 15, wherein the common structure is an electrical circuit. 17. The system according to claim 15, wherein the common structure is the grounded neutral connection of a power transformer. 18. The system according to claim 15, wherein the common structure is a power transformer. 19. The system according to claim 1, wherein the sensors take measurements of different structures. 20. The system according to claim 1, wherein at least one of the sensors is a fiber optic current sensor and at least one of the sensors is a fiber optic temperature sensor. 21. The system according to claim 1, further comprising at least one optical fiber arranged between each sensor and each light sensing element. 22. The system according to claim 1, wherein the fiber optic current sensor measures current by measuring the displacement in a material that is caused by the magnetostrictive effect. 23. The system according to claim 1, wherein the fiber optic sensor measures current by measuring the displacement in a material that is caused by the Lorentz force. 24. A method for detecting electric currents associated with geomagnetic disturbances, electromagnetic pulses, and other electrical power system disturbances with one or more fiber optic sensors, the method comprising: positioning at least one intensity modulated fiber optic sensor adjacent to a reflective surface on a piece of equipment in the electrical network, the reflective surface experiencing displacement due to a physical condition experienced by the piece of equipment;transmitting light from a light source through a transmitting fiber to the reflective surface, wherein the reflective surface is spaced apart from the end of transmitting fiber;receiving intensity modulated light from the reflective surface in at least one receiving fiber in the at least one intensity modulated fiber optic sensor, the intensity of the received light modulated in proportion to the amount of displacement;transmitting the intensity modulated light to a light sensing element and sensing the intensity modulated light with the sensing element; anddetermining, based on the sensed intensity modulation of the light, the physical condition being experienced by the piece of equipment. 25. The method according to claim 24, wherein at least one of the fiber optic sensors is a current sensor. 26. The method according to claim 24, wherein at least one of the fiber optic sensors is a pressure sensor, strain sensor, electromagnetic phenomena sensor, acceleration sensor, displacement sensor, or temperature sensor. 27. A system of intensity modulated fiber optic sensors for detecting low frequency and direct currents in electric power systems, comprising: at least two intensity modulated fiber optic sensors, including at least one intensity modulated fiber optic current sensor;at least one light source;at least one light sensing element for each sensor;at least one optical fiber arranged to transmit light from the light source to each fiber optic sensor;at least one optical fiber arranged to transmit intensity modulated light, proportional to a displacement of a reflective material caused by a physical phenomena, from each fiber optic sensor to its light sensing element configured to detect the intensity modulated light; anda processor configured to receive the electrical signal outputs from the light sensing element and to convert the signals into an output representative of the physical phenomena, and further configured to measure the physical phenomena based on the detected intensity modulation of the light, with the system taking at least one measurement of direct current or current with at a frequency of lower than 1 Hz. 28. The system according to claim 27, further comprising a converter to convert the electrical signal output of the light sensing element to a digital format. 29. The system according to claim 27 further comprising at least one additional fiber optic current sensor spaced apart from the first fiber optic current sensor to detect the presence of low frequency electric currents produced by geomagnetic disturbances or electromagnetic pulses on multiple structures or at multiple locations. 30. The system according to claim 27, wherein the processor compares the output difference between the current signals generated by at least two fiber optic current sensors at one or more locations or pieces of equipment to determine characteristics of a geomagnetic disturbance or electromagnetic pulse. 31. The system according to claim 27, wherein at least one fiber optic current sensor measures the electric current present upon the grounded neutral of a power transformer. 32. The system according to claim 27, wherein the system measures alternating current. 33. The system according to claim 27, comprises at least one intensity modulated fiber optic sensors capable of measuring pressure, strain, electromagnetic phenomena, acceleration, displacement, or temperature. 34. The system according to claim 27, wherein the fiber optic sensors measure physical phenomena on equipment used in the generation, transmission, and distribution of electrical power. 35. The system according to claim 34, wherein the equipment is located within an electrical substation. 36. The system according to claim 27, wherein the fiber optic sensors are located at least ten feet from the light sensing element. 37. The system according to claim 27, wherein the output of the measured phenomena is communicated to electric power system operators.
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이 특허에 인용된 특허 (14)
Davidson, James R.; Seifert, Gary D., Electro-optic high voltage sensor.
Oliver Steven A. (Dedham MA) DiMarzio Charles A. (Cambridge MA), Method and apparatus for performing magnetic field measurements using magneto-optic kerr effect sensors.
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