초록 ▼

An automatic airflow balancing valve (10), including: a housing (12) having an inlet (14) and an outlet (16) and defining a flow path (18) there through; a valve disc (30) operatively connected to the housing and disposed within the flow path; and an airflow volume calibrating assembly (92) disposed

An automatic airflow balancing valve (10), including: a housing (12) having an inlet (14) and an outlet (16) and defining a flow path (18) there through; a valve disc (30) operatively connected to the housing and disposed within the flow path; and an airflow volume calibrating assembly (92) disposed in the flow path and operatively connected to the valve disc and the housing to pivot the valve disc to a home position associated with a desired constant airflow volume. The airflow volume calibrating assembly includes an adjustment element that extends toward at least one of the inlet or the outlet.

대표청구항 ▼

1. An automatic airflow balancing valve, comprising: a housing comprising an inlet and an outlet and defining a flow path within the housing from the inlet to the outlet;a valve disc operatively connected to the housing and disposed within the flow path, wherein the valve disc is configured to rotat

1. An automatic airflow balancing valve, comprising: a housing comprising an inlet and an outlet and defining a flow path within the housing from the inlet to the outlet;a valve disc operatively connected to the housing and disposed within the flow path, wherein the valve disc is configured to rotate, about a valve disc axis, within the flow path; andan airflow volume calibrating assembly disposed in the flow path and operatively connected to the valve disc and the housing to pivot the valve disc to a home position associated with a desired constant airflow volume, the airflow volume calibrating assembly comprising an adjustment element disposed within the flow path and that extends toward at least one of the inlet or the outlet, the airflow volume calibrating assembly further comprising an adjustment plate disposed within the flow path and configured to rotate, about an adjustment plate axis, within the flow path;wherein the adjustment plate axis is laterally offset from the valve disc axis. 2. The automatic airflow balancing valve of claim 1, further comprising a plurality of visual indicators disposed in the flow path, each associated with a respective discrete lateral position of an end of the adjustment element, and each indicative of a flow rate associated with the automatic airflow balancing valve when the end of the adjustment element is associated with a respective visual indicator. 3. The automatic airflow balancing valve of claim 2, further comprising a positioning element associated with each visual indicator. 4. The automatic airflow balancing valve of claim 1, further comprising an adjustment cable operatively connected to the airflow volume calibrating assembly, wherein movement of the adjustment cable pivots the valve disc. 5. The automatic airflow balancing valve of claim 4, further comprising an adapter ring connected to the inlet or the outlet and comprising a cable aperture through which the adjustment cable passes. 6. An automatic airflow balancing valve, comprising: a housing defining a flow path comprising an inlet and an outlet;a valve disc pivotable about a valve disc axis;an airflow volume calibrating assembly disposed in the flow path and comprising: an adjustment element operatively associated with the valve disc and extending toward the inlet or the outlet, wherein lateral movement of a forward end of the adjustment element pivots the valve disc,an adjustment plate secured to the adjustment element, wherein the adjustment plate is adjacent the valve disc, wherein the adjustment element is pivotable about an adjustment element axis, anda spring secured to the adjustment plate and configured to bias the valve disc toward the adjustment plate; anda rotary damper secured to the housing and to a shaft of the valve disc. 7. The automatic airflow balancing valve of claim 6, further comprising a plurality of visual indicators, each facing out the inlet, each associated with a respective discrete lateral position of the forward end of the adjustment element, and each indicative of a flow rate associated with the automatic airflow balancing valve when the forward end of the adjustment element is associated with the respective visual indicator. 8. The automatic airflow balancing valve of claim 6, further comprising an adjustment cable operatively connected to the airflow volume calibrating assembly, wherein movement of the adjustment cable pivots the valve disc. 9. The automatic airflow balancing valve of claim 8, further comprising an adapter ring connected to the inlet or the outlet and comprising a cable aperture through which the adjustment cable passes. 10. The automatic airflow balancing valve of claim 6, wherein a portion of the adjustment plate is located between a top and a bottom of the valve disc. 11. The automatic airflow balancing valve of claim 6, wherein the adjustment element axis is laterally offset from the valve disc axis. 12. An automatic airflow balancing valve, comprising: a housing defining a flow path through an internal region of the housing;an adjustment plate disposed in the internal region and in the flow path, wherein the adjustment plate is pivotal within a range of adjustment plate positions;an adjustment element secured to the adjustment plate and extending toward an inlet or outlet of the flow path, wherein the adjustment element and the adjustment plate are configured so that lateral movement of the adjustment element pivots the adjustment plate;a valve disc disposed in the internal region and in the flow path and operatively associated with the adjustment plate such that the lateral movement of the adjustment element causes the valve disc to pivot; anda rotary damper secured to the housing and to a shaft of the valve disc. 13. The automatic airflow balancing valve of claim 12, further comprising a spring secured to the adjustment plate and configured to bias the valve disc toward the adjustment plate. 14. The automatic airflow balancing valve of claim 12, further comprising a plurality of positioning elements each associated with a respective unique lateral position of the adjustment element. 15. The automatic airflow balancing valve of claim 14, wherein, the adjustment element comprises a resilient material biased to engage the plurality of positioning elements. 16. The automatic airflow balancing valve of claim 14, further comprising visual indicators, each associated with a respective positioning element and indicative of a flow rate associated with the automatic airflow balancing valve when the adjustment element is associated with the respective positioning element. 17. The automatic airflow balancing valve of claim 14, wherein each of the positioning elements comprises a notch configured to receive the adjustment element. 18. The automatic airflow balancing valve of claim 12, wherein the adjustment element comprises a forward end that extends toward the inlet of the flow path and a rearward end that extends toward the outlet of the flow path, the automatic airflow balancing valve further comprising: a plurality of forward positioning elements, each associated with a respective unique lateral position of the forward end of the adjustment element, and forward visual indicators, each associated with a respective forward positioning element; anda plurality of rearward positioning elements, each associated with a respective unique lateral position of the rearward end of the adjustment element, and rearward visual indicators, each associated with a respective rearward positioning element;wherein the rearward and forward indicators are indicative of a flow rate associated with the automatic airflow balancing valve when the respective adjustment element end is associated with the respective positioning element. 19. The automatic airflow balancing valve of claim 12, further comprising plate interlock features positioned proximate at least one of the inlet and the outlet of the flow path, and an interlocking adapter flange configured to engage the plate interlock features and adapt the automatic airflow balancing valve to a non-circular opening. 20. The automatic airflow balancing valve of claim 12, wherein the valve disc is configured to rotate about a valve disc axis,the adjustment plate and adjustment element are configured to rotate about common axis of rotation, andthe valve disc axis coincides with the common axis of rotation. 21. The automatic airflow balancing valve of claim 20, wherein an adjustment assembly comprises the adjustment element formed as one with the adjustment plate,the adjustment assembly comprises cylindrical ends located within cylindrical receptacles in the housing,the valve disc comprises a valve disc shaft, andends of the valve disc shaft are located in the cylindrical ends. 22. The automatic airflow balancing valve of claim 12, wherein the valve disc is configured to rotate about a valve disc axis,the adjustment plate and adjustment element are configured to rotate about an adjustment element axis, andthe adjustment element axis is laterally offset from the valve disc axis. 23. The automatic airflow balancing valve of claim 22, wherein the valve disc comprises a valve disc shaft,the valve disc axis passes through the valve disc shaft,the adjustment plate comprises an adjustment plate shaft, andthe adjustment element axis passes through the adjustment plate shaft. 24. The automatic airflow balancing valve of claim 12, wherein the valve disc is configured to rotate about a valve disc axis,the valve disc comprises a valve disc shaft,the valve disc axis passes through the valve disc shaft, andthe valve disc shaft is offset from a midpoint of the valve disc. 25. The automatic airflow balancing valve of claim 24, further comprising a spring secured to the adjustment plate and configured to bias the valve disc toward the adjustment plate. 26. An automatic airflow balancing valve, comprising: a housing defining a flow path comprising an inlet and an outlet;a valve disc pivotable about a valve disc axis;an airflow volume calibrating assembly disposed in the flow path and comprising: an adjustment element operatively associated with the valve disc and extending toward the inlet or the outlet, wherein lateral movement of a forward end of the adjustment element pivots the valve disc,an adjustment plate secured to the adjustment element, wherein the adjustment plate is adjacent the valve disc, wherein the adjustment element is pivotable about an adjustment element axis, anda spring secured to the adjustment plate and configured to bias the valve disc toward the adjustment plate;a plurality of positioning elements each associated with a respective unique lateral position of the adjustment element;wherein the adjustment element comprises a resilient material biased to engage the plurality of positioning elements. 27. The automatic airflow balancing valve of claim 26, further comprising a plurality of visual indicators, each facing out the inlet, each associated with a respective discrete lateral position of the forward end of the adjustment element, and each indicative of a flow rate associated with the automatic airflow balancing valve when the forward end of the adjustment element is associated with the respective visual indicator. 28. The automatic airflow balancing valve of claim 26, wherein a portion of the adjustment plate is located between a top and a bottom of the valve disc. 29. The automatic airflow balancing valve of claim 26, wherein the adjustment element axis is laterally offset from the valve disc axis. 30. An automatic airflow balancing valve, comprising: a housing defining a flow path comprising an inlet and an outlet;a valve disc pivotable about a valve disc axis;an airflow volume calibrating assembly disposed in the flow path and comprising: an adjustment element operatively associated with the valve disc and extending toward the inlet or the outlet, wherein lateral movement of a forward end of the adjustment element pivots the valve disc,an adjustment plate secured to the adjustment element, wherein the adjustment plate is adjacent the valve disc, wherein the adjustment element is pivotable about an adjustment element axis, anda spring secured to the adjustment plate and configured to bias the valve disc toward the adjustment plate;a plurality of positioning elements each associated with a respective unique lateral position of the adjustment element; andvisual indicators, each associated with a respective positioning element and indicative of a flow rate associated with the automatic airflow balancing valve when the adjustment element is associated with the respective positioning element. 31. The automatic airflow balancing valve of claim 30, wherein a portion of the adjustment plate is located between a top and a bottom of the valve disc. 32. The automatic airflow balancing valve of claim 30, wherein the adjustment element axis is laterally offset from the valve disc axis. 33. An automatic airflow balancing valve, comprising: a housing defining a flow path comprising an inlet and an outlet;a valve disc pivotable about a valve disc axis;an airflow volume calibrating assembly disposed in the flow path and comprising: an adjustment element operatively associated with the valve disc and extending toward the inlet and the outlet, wherein lateral movement of a forward end of the adjustment element pivots the valve disc, wherein the forward end of the adjustment element extends toward the inlet, and wherein a rearward end of the adjustment element extends toward the outlet,an adjustment plate secured to the adjustment element, wherein the adjustment plate is adjacent the valve disc, wherein the adjustment element is pivotable about an adjustment element axis, anda spring secured to the adjustment plate and configured to bias the valve disc toward the adjustment plate;a plurality of forward positioning elements, each associated with a respective unique lateral position of the forward end of the adjustment element, and forward visual indicators, each associated with a respective forward positioning element; anda plurality of rearward positioning elements, each associated with a respective unique lateral position of the rearward end of the adjustment element, and rearward visual indicators, each associated with a respective rearward positioning element;wherein the rearward and forward indicators are indicative of a flow rate associated with the automatic airflow balancing valve when the respective adjustment element end is associated with the respective positioning element. 34. The automatic airflow balancing valve of claim 33, wherein a portion of the adjustment plate is located between a top and a bottom of the valve disc. 35. The automatic airflow balancing valve of claim 33, wherein the adjustment element axis is laterally offset from the valve disc axis. 36. An automatic airflow balancing valve, comprising: a housing defining a flow path comprising an inlet and an outlet;a valve disc pivotable about a valve disc axis;an airflow volume calibrating assembly disposed in the flow path and comprising: an adjustment element operatively associated with the valve disc and extending toward the inlet or the outlet, wherein lateral movement of a forward end of the adjustment element pivots the valve disc,an adjustment plate secured to the adjustment element, wherein the adjustment plate is adjacent the valve disc, wherein the adjustment element is pivotable about an adjustment element axis, anda spring secured to the adjustment plate and configured to bias the valve disc toward the adjustment plate; andplate interlock features positioned proximate at least one of the inlet and the outlet of the flow path, and an interlocking adapter flange configured to engage the plate interlock features and adapt the automatic airflow balancing valve to a non-circular opening. 37. The automatic airflow balancing valve of claim 36, further comprising a plurality of visual indicators, each facing out the inlet, each associated with a respective discrete lateral position of the forward end of the adjustment element, and each indicative of a flow rate associated with the automatic airflow balancing valve when the forward end of the adjustment element is associated with the respective visual indicator. 38. The automatic airflow balancing valve of claim 36, wherein a portion of the adjustment plate is located between a top and a bottom of the valve disc. 39. The automatic airflow balancing valve of claim 36, wherein the adjustment element axis is laterally offset from the valve disc axis. 40. An automatic airflow balancing valve, comprising: a housing defining a flow path through an internal region of the housing;an adjustment plate disposed in the internal region and in the flow path, wherein the adjustment plate is pivotal within a range of adjustment plate positions;an adjustment element secured to the adjustment plate and extending toward an inlet or outlet of the flow path, wherein the adjustment element and the adjustment plate are configured so that lateral movement of the adjustment element pivots the adjustment plate;a valve disc disposed in the internal region and in the flow path and operatively associated with the adjustment plate such that the lateral movement of the adjustment element causes the valve disc to pivot; anda plurality of positioning elements each associated with a respective unique lateral position of the adjustment element;wherein the adjustment element comprises a resilient material biased to engage the plurality of positioning elements. 41. The automatic airflow balancing valve of claim 40, further comprising a spring secured to the adjustment plate and configured to bias the valve disc toward the adjustment plate. 42. The automatic airflow balancing valve of claim 40, further comprising visual indicators, each associated with a respective positioning element and indicative of a flow rate associated with the automatic airflow balancing valve when the adjustment element is associated with the respective positioning element. 43. The automatic airflow balancing valve of claim 40, wherein each of the positioning elements comprises a notch configured to receive the adjustment element. 44. The automatic airflow balancing valve of claim 40, wherein the adjustment element comprises a forward end that extends toward the inlet of the flow path and a rearward end that extends toward the outlet of the flow path; wherein the plurality of positioning elements comprises a plurality of forward positioning elements, each associated with a respective unique lateral position of the forward end of the adjustment element, and wherein the automatic airflow balancing valve comprises forward visual indicators, each associated with a respective forward positioning element; andwherein the plurality of positioning elements comprises a plurality of rearward positioning elements, each associated with a respective unique lateral position of the rearward end of the adjustment element, and wherein the automatic airflow balancing valve comprises rearward visual indicators, each associated with a respective rearward positioning element;wherein the rearward and forward indicators are indicative of a flow rate associated with the automatic airflow balancing valve when the respective adjustment element end is associated with the respective positioning element. 45. The automatic airflow balancing valve of claim 40, further comprising plate interlock features positioned proximate at least one of the inlet and the outlet of the flow path, and an interlocking adapter flange configured to engage the plate interlock features and adapt the automatic airflow balancing valve to a non-circular opening. 46. The automatic airflow balancing valve of claim 40, wherein the valve disc is configured to rotate about a valve disc axis,the adjustment plate and adjustment element are configured to rotate about common axis of rotation, andthe valve disc axis coincides with the common axis of rotation. 47. The automatic airflow balancing valve of claim 46, wherein an adjustment assembly comprises the adjustment element formed as one with the adjustment plate,the adjustment assembly comprises cylindrical ends located within cylindrical receptacles in the housing,the valve disc comprises a valve disc shaft, andends of the valve disc shaft are located in the cylindrical ends. 48. The automatic airflow balancing valve of claim 40, wherein the valve disc is configured to rotate about a valve disc axis,the adjustment plate and adjustment element are configured to rotate about an adjustment element axis, andthe adjustment element axis is laterally offset from the valve disc axis. 49. The automatic airflow balancing valve of claim 48, wherein the valve disc comprises a valve disc shaft,the valve disc axis passes through the valve disc shaft,the adjustment plate comprises an adjustment plate shaft, andthe adjustment element axis passes through the adjustment plate shaft. 50. The automatic airflow balancing valve of claim 40, wherein the valve disc is configured to rotate about a valve disc axis,the valve disc comprises a valve disc shaft,the valve disc axis passes through the valve disc shaft, andthe valve disc shaft is offset from a midpoint of the valve disc. 51. The automatic airflow balancing valve of claim 50, further comprising a spring secured to the adjustment plate and configured to bias the valve disc toward the adjustment plate. 52. An automatic airflow balancing valve, comprising: a housing defining a flow path through an internal region of the housing;an adjustment plate disposed in the internal region and in the flow path, wherein the adjustment plate is pivotal within a range of adjustment plate positions;an adjustment element secured to the adjustment plate and extending toward an inlet or outlet of the flow path, wherein the adjustment element and the adjustment plate are configured so that lateral movement of the adjustment element pivots the adjustment plate;a valve disc disposed in the internal region and in the flow path and operatively associated with the adjustment plate such that the lateral movement of the adjustment element causes the valve disc to pivot;a plurality of positioning elements each associated with a respective unique lateral position of the adjustment element;visual indicators, each associated with a respective positioning element and indicative of a flow rate associated with the automatic airflow balancing valve when the adjustment element is associated with the respective positioning element. 53. The automatic airflow balancing valve of claim 52, further comprising a spring secured to the adjustment plate and configured to bias the valve disc toward the adjustment plate. 54. The automatic airflow balancing valve of claim 52, wherein each of the positioning elements comprises a notch configured to receive the adjustment element. 55. The automatic airflow balancing valve of claim 52, further comprising plate interlock features positioned proximate at least one of the inlet and the outlet of the flow path, and an interlocking adapter flange configured to engage the plate interlock features and adapt the automatic airflow balancing valve to a non-circular opening. 56. The automatic airflow balancing valve of claim 52, wherein the valve disc is configured to rotate about a valve disc axis,the adjustment plate and adjustment element are configured to rotate about common axis of rotation, andthe valve disc axis coincides with the common axis of rotation. 57. The automatic airflow balancing valve of claim 56, wherein an adjustment assembly comprises the adjustment element formed as one with the adjustment plate,the adjustment assembly comprises cylindrical ends located within cylindrical receptacles in the housing,the valve disc comprises a valve disc shaft, andends of the valve disc shaft are located in the cylindrical ends. 58. The automatic airflow balancing valve of claim 52, wherein the valve disc is configured to rotate about a valve disc axis,the adjustment plate and adjustment element are configured to rotate about an adjustment element axis, andthe adjustment element axis is laterally offset from the valve disc axis. 59. The automatic airflow balancing valve of claim 58, wherein the valve disc comprises a valve disc shaft,the valve disc axis passes through the valve disc shaft,the adjustment plate comprises an adjustment plate shaft, andthe adjustment element axis passes through the adjustment plate shaft. 60. The automatic airflow balancing valve of claim 52, wherein the valve disc is configured to rotate about a valve disc axis,the valve disc comprises a valve disc shaft,the valve disc axis passes through the valve disc shaft, andthe valve disc shaft is offset from a midpoint of the valve disc. 61. The automatic airflow balancing valve of claim 60, further comprising a spring secured to the adjustment plate and configured to bias the valve disc toward the adjustment plate. 62. An automatic airflow balancing valve, comprising: a housing defining a flow path through an internal region of the housing;an adjustment plate disposed in the internal region and in the flow path, wherein the adjustment plate is pivotal within a range of adjustment plate positions;an adjustment element secured to the adjustment plate and extending toward an inlet and an outlet of the flow path, wherein the adjustment element and the adjustment plate are configured so that lateral movement of the adjustment element pivots the adjustment plate, wherein the adjustment element comprises a forward end that extends toward the inlet of the flow path and a rearward end that extends toward the outlet of the flow path;a valve disc disposed in the internal region and in the flow path and operatively associated with the adjustment plate such that the lateral movement of the adjustment element causes the valve disc to pivot;a plurality of forward positioning elements, each associated with a respective unique lateral position of the forward end of the adjustment element, and forward visual indicators, each associated with a respective forward positioning element; anda plurality of rearward positioning elements, each associated with a respective unique lateral position of the rearward end of the adjustment element, and rearward visual indicators, each associated with a respective rearward positioning element;wherein the rearward and forward indicators are indicative of a flow rate associated with the automatic airflow balancing valve when the respective adjustment element end is associated with the respective positioning element. 63. The automatic airflow balancing valve of claim 62, further comprising a spring secured to the adjustment plate and configured to bias the valve disc toward the adjustment plate. 64. The automatic airflow balancing valve of claim 62, wherein each of the positioning elements comprises a notch configured to receive the adjustment element. 65. The automatic airflow balancing valve of claim 62, further comprising plate interlock features positioned proximate at least one of the inlet and the outlet of the flow path, and an interlocking adapter flange configured to engage the plate interlock features and adapt the automatic airflow balancing valve to a non-circular opening. 66. The automatic airflow balancing valve of claim 62, wherein the valve disc is configured to rotate about a valve disc axis,the adjustment plate and adjustment element are configured to rotate about common axis of rotation, andthe valve disc axis coincides with the common axis of rotation. 67. The automatic airflow balancing valve of claim 66, wherein an adjustment assembly comprises the adjustment element formed as one with the adjustment plate,the adjustment assembly comprises cylindrical ends located within cylindrical receptacles in the housing,the valve disc comprises a valve disc shaft, andends of the valve disc shaft are located in the cylindrical ends. 68. The automatic airflow balancing valve of claim 62, wherein the valve disc is configured to rotate about a valve disc axis,the adjustment plate and adjustment element are configured to rotate about an adjustment element axis, andthe adjustment element axis is laterally offset from the valve disc axis. 69. The automatic airflow balancing valve of claim 68, wherein the valve disc comprises a valve disc shaft,the valve disc axis passes through the valve disc shaft,the adjustment plate comprises an adjustment plate shaft, andthe adjustment element axis passes through the adjustment plate shaft. 70. The automatic airflow balancing valve of claim 62, wherein the valve disc is configured to rotate about a valve disc axis,the valve disc comprises a valve disc shaft,the valve disc axis passes through the valve disc shaft, andthe valve disc shaft is offset from a midpoint of the valve disc. 71. The automatic airflow balancing valve of claim 70, further comprising a spring secured to the adjustment plate and configured to bias the valve disc toward the adjustment plate. 72. An automatic airflow balancing valve, comprising: a housing defining a flow path through an internal region of the housing;an adjustment plate disposed in the internal region and in the flow path, wherein the adjustment plate is pivotal within a range of adjustment plate positions;an adjustment element secured to the adjustment plate and extending toward an inlet or outlet of the flow path, wherein the adjustment element and the adjustment plate are configured so that lateral movement of the adjustment element pivots the adjustment plate;a valve disc disposed in the internal region and in the flow path and operatively associated with the adjustment plate such that the lateral movement of the adjustment element causes the valve disc to pivot; andplate interlock features positioned proximate at least one of the inlet and the outlet of the flow path, and an interlocking adapter flange configured to engage the plate interlock features and adapt the automatic airflow balancing valve to a non-circular opening. 73. The automatic airflow balancing valve of claim 72, further comprising a spring secured to the adjustment plate and configured to bias the valve disc toward the adjustment plate. 74. The automatic airflow balancing valve of claim 72, further comprising a plurality of positioning elements each associated with a respective unique lateral position of the adjustment element, wherein each of the positioning elements comprises a notch configured to receive the adjustment element. 75. The automatic airflow balancing valve of claim 72, wherein the valve disc is configured to rotate about a valve disc axis,the adjustment plate and adjustment element are configured to rotate about common axis of rotation, andthe valve disc axis coincides with the common axis of rotation. 76. The automatic airflow balancing valve of claim 75, wherein an adjustment assembly comprises the adjustment element formed as one with the adjustment plate,the adjustment assembly comprises cylindrical ends located within cylindrical receptacles in the housing,the valve disc comprises a valve disc shaft, andends of the valve disc shaft are located in the cylindrical ends. 77. The automatic airflow balancing valve of claim 72, wherein the valve disc is configured to rotate about a valve disc axis,the adjustment plate and adjustment element are configured to rotate about an adjustment element axis, andthe adjustment element axis is laterally offset from the valve disc axis. 78. The automatic airflow balancing valve of claim 77, wherein the valve disc comprises a valve disc shaft,the valve disc axis passes through the valve disc shaft,the adjustment plate comprises an adjustment plate shaft, andthe adjustment element axis passes through the adjustment plate shaft. 79. The automatic airflow balancing valve of claim 72, wherein the valve disc is configured to rotate about a valve disc axis,the valve disc comprises a valve disc shaft,the valve disc axis passes through the valve disc shaft, andthe valve disc shaft is offset from a midpoint of the valve disc. 80. The automatic airflow balancing valve of claim 79, further comprising a spring secured to the adjustment plate and configured to bias the valve disc toward the adjustment plate.