Membranes, methods of making the membranes, and methods of using the membranes are described. The membranes can comprise a support layer, and a selective polymer layer disposed on the support layer. The selective polymer layer can comprise an oxidatively stable carrier dispersed within a hydrophilic
Membranes, methods of making the membranes, and methods of using the membranes are described. The membranes can comprise a support layer, and a selective polymer layer disposed on the support layer. The selective polymer layer can comprise an oxidatively stable carrier dispersed within a hydrophilic polymer matrix. The oxidatively stable carrier can be chosen from a quaternary ammonium hydroxide carrier (e.g., a mobile carrier such as a small molecule quaternary ammonium hydroxide, or a fixed carrier such as a quaternary ammonium hydroxide-containing polymer), a quaternary ammonium fluoride carrier (e.g., a mobile carrier such as a small molecule quaternary ammonium fluoride, or a fixed carrier such as a quaternary ammonium fluoride-containing polymer), and combinations thereof. The membranes can exhibit selective permeability to gases. The membranes can selectively remove carbon dioxide and/or hydrogen sulfide from hydrogen and/or nitrogen. Further, the membranes can exhibit oxidative stability at temperatures above 100° C.
대표청구항▼
1. A membrane comprising: a support layer; anda selective polymer layer disposed on the support layer, the selective polymer layer comprising an oxidatively stable carrier dispersed within a hydrophilic polymer matrix,wherein the oxidatively stable carrier is selected from the group consisting of a
1. A membrane comprising: a support layer; anda selective polymer layer disposed on the support layer, the selective polymer layer comprising an oxidatively stable carrier dispersed within a hydrophilic polymer matrix,wherein the oxidatively stable carrier is selected from the group consisting of a quaternary ammonium hydroxide-containing polymer, a quaternary ammonium fluoride-containing polymer, and combinations thereof. 2. The membrane of claim 1, wherein the oxidatively stable carrier comprises a quaternary ammonium hydroxide-containing polymer. 3. The membrane of claim 2, wherein the quaternary ammonium hydroxide-containing polymer is selected from the group consisting of poly(diallyldimethyl-ammonium hydroxide), poly(vinylbenzyltrimethylammonium hydroxide), poly(2-vinyl-1-methylpyridinium hydroxide), poly(acrylamide-N-propyltrimethylammonium hydroxide), poly(2-methacryloxyethyltrimethylammonium hydroxide), poly(3-chloro-2-hydroxypropyl-2-methacryloxyethyldimethylammonium hydroxide), copolymers thereof, and blends thereof. 4. The membrane of claim 1, wherein the oxidatively stable carrier comprises a quaternary ammonium fluoride-containing polymer. 5. The membrane of claim 4, wherein the quaternary ammonium fluoride-containing polymer is selected from the group consisting of poly(diallyldimethyl-ammonium fluoride), poly(vinylbenzyltrimethylammonium fluoride), poly(2-vinyl-1-methylpyridinium fluoride), poly(acrylamide-N-propyltrimethylammonium fluoride, poly(2-methacryloxyethyltrimethylammonium fluoride), poly(3-chloro-2-hydroxypropyl-2-methacryloxyethyldimethylammonium fluoride), copolymers thereof, and blends thereof. 6. The membrane of claim 1, wherein the hydrophilic polymer matrix comprises a crosslinked hydrophilic polymer. 7. The membrane of claim 1, wherein the hydrophilic polymer matrix comprises polyvinyl alcohol. 8. The membrane of claim 1, wherein the hydrophilic polymer matrix comprises polyvinyl alcohol-polysiloxane. 9. The membrane of claim 1, wherein the support layer comprises a gas permeable polymer. 10. The membrane of claim 9, wherein the gas permeable polymer comprises a polymer selected from the group consisting of polyamides, polyimides, polypyrrolones, polyesters, sulfone-based polymers, polymeric organosilicones, fluorinated polymers, polyolefins, copolymers thereof, and blends thereof. 11. The membrane of claim 10, wherein the gas permeable polymer comprises polyethersulfone or polysulfone. 12. The membrane of claim 1, wherein the support layer comprises a gas permeable polymer disposed on a base. 13. The membrane of claim 12, wherein the base comprises a non-woven fabric. 14. The membrane of claim 13, wherein the non-woven fabric comprises fibers formed from a polyester. 15. The membrane of claim 1, wherein the membrane further comprises a permeable layer disposed between the support layer and the selective polymer layer. 16. The membrane of claim 15, wherein the permeable layer comprises a gas permeable polymer is selected from the group consisting of poly(dimethylsiloxane), poly(trimethylsilylpropyne), poly(4-methyl-1-pentene), copolymers thereof, and blends thereof. 17. The membrane of claim 1, wherein the membrane further comprises a permeable layer disposed on the selective polymer layer. 18. The membrane of claim 17, wherein the permeable layer comprises a gas permeable polymer is selected from the group consisting of poly(dimethylsiloxane), poly(trimethylsilylpropyne), poly(4-methyl-1-pentene), copolymers thereof, and blends thereof. 19. The membrane of claim 1, wherein the membrane is configured in a flat sheet, a spiral-wound, a hollow fiber, or a plate-and-frame configuration. 20. A method for separating a first gas from a feed gas stream, the method comprising contacting a membrane defined by claim 1 with the feed gas stream comprising the first gas under conditions effective to afford transmembrane permeation of the first gas. 21. The method of claim 20, wherein the feed gas comprises hydrogen, carbon dioxide, hydrogen sulfide, hydrogen chloride, carbon monoxide, nitrogen, methane, steam, sulphur oxides, nitrogen oxides, or combinations thereof. 22. The method of claim 21, wherein the first gas is chosen from carbon dioxide, hydrogen sulfide, hydrogen chloride, and combinations thereof. 23. The method of claim 20, wherein the first gas exhibits a permeance of at least 50 GPU at 120° C. 24. The method of claim 23, wherein the first gas exhibits a permeance of from 50 GPU to 500 GPU at 120° C. 25. The method of claim 24, wherein the first gas exhibits a permeance of from 50 GPU to 250 GPU at 120° C. 26. The method of claim 20, wherein the feed gas comprises a second gas selected from the group consisting of nitrogen, hydrogen, carbon monoxide, and combinations thereof, and wherein the membrane exhibits a first gas:second gas selectivity of from 20 to 250 at 120° C. 27. The method of claim 20, wherein the membrane comprises a feed face and a permeate face, and the method further comprises applying a vacuum to the permeate face of the membrane to remove the first gas. 28. The method of claim 20, wherein the membrane comprises a feed face and a permeate face, and the method further comprises flowing a sweep gas across the permeate face of the membrane to remove the first gas. 29. The method of claim 28, wherein the sweep gas comprises air. 30. The method of claim 20, wherein the feed gas has a temperature of at least 100° C. 31. A method of making a membrane comprising depositing a selective polymer layer on a support layer, the selective polymer layer comprising an oxidatively stable carrier dispersed within a hydrophilic polymer matrix, wherein the oxidatively stable carrier is selected from the group consisting of a quaternary ammonium hydroxide-containing polymer, a quaternary ammonium fluoride-containing polymer, and combinations thereof.
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이 특허에 인용된 특허 (8)
Ho, Win-Sow Winston, CO2-Selective membrane process and system for reforming a fuel to hydrogen for a fuel cell.
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Quinn Robert (East Texas PA) Laciak Daniel V. (Allentown PA) Appleby John B. (Perkiomville PA) Pez Guido P. (Allentown PA), Polyelectrolyte membranes for the separation of acid gases.
Quinn Robert ; Laciak Daniel Vincent ; Pez Guido Peter, Process for separating acid gases from gaseous mixtures utilizing composite membranes formed from salt-polymer blends.
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