A low NOX burner in which the amount of air flow to the low NOX (nitrous oxides) burner can be adjusted (e.g., based on determinations related to the TEG air flow to the low NOX burner). A low NOX burner capable of operating in a TEG mode that uses a mixture of fresh air and turbine exhaust gas (TEG
A low NOX burner in which the amount of air flow to the low NOX (nitrous oxides) burner can be adjusted (e.g., based on determinations related to the TEG air flow to the low NOX burner). A low NOX burner capable of operating in a TEG mode that uses a mixture of fresh air and turbine exhaust gas (TEG) as an oxidizer, and also in a fresh air mode in which fresh air (but not TEG) is used as an oxidizer (e.g., and that may be configured to switch seamlessly between these modes). A method of operating a low NOx burner that that includes using TEG and fresh air as an oxidizer to burn fuel, in a TEG mode and, when conditions dictate, such as when the TEG flow has decreased to a pre-determined level (e.g., zero or close to zero), switching from the TEG mode to a fresh air mode.
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1. A low-NOx turbine exhaust fuel burner assembly configured to operate with an oxidizer of either fresh air or a combination of turbine exhaust gas (TEG) and fresh air, the low-NOx turbine exhaust fuel burner assembly comprising: a windbox comprising a sidewall defining a windbox chamber and a fres
1. A low-NOx turbine exhaust fuel burner assembly configured to operate with an oxidizer of either fresh air or a combination of turbine exhaust gas (TEG) and fresh air, the low-NOx turbine exhaust fuel burner assembly comprising: a windbox comprising a sidewall defining a windbox chamber and a fresh air inlet through the sidewall of the windbox, wherein the fresh air inlet is in fluid communication with the windbox chamber;a TEG plenum coupled to the windbox, the TEG plenum comprising a sidewall defining a plenum chamber and a TEG inlet through the sidewall of the TEG plenum, wherein the TEG inlet is in fluid communication with the plenum chamber of the TEG plenum;a burner barrel having a first end and a second end, the burner barrel extending through the windbox chamber and the plenum chamber of the TEG plenum, the burner barrel having a sidewall defining a first plurality of openings, a second plurality of openings, and a channel extending between the first end of the burner barrel and the second end of the burner barrel, the second plurality of openings configured to permit fresh air to flow from the windbox chamber into the channel of the burner barrel, the first plurality of openings configured to permit TEG to flow from the TEG plenum into the channel of the burner barrel, and wherein, at the second end of the burner barrel, the channel opens to a first fuel zone in a combustion chamber;one or more dampers coupled to the burner barrel and configured to be moved between at least: a first configuration in which the one or more dampers cover the first plurality of openings to substantially prevent TEG from entering the burner barrel through the first plurality of openings; anda second configuration in which the one or more dampers do not cover at least a respective portion of each opening of the first plurality of openings to permit TEG to enter the burner barrel through the first plurality of openings;a burner plate at the second end of the burner barrel;a center fire gas gun fuel spud configured to inject fuel for combustion into the first fuel zone, wherein the center fire gas gun fuel spud extends in a downstream direction and through the burner barrel from the first end of the burner barrel toward the second end of the burner barrel and through the burner plate into the first fuel zone; anda port ring having an annular body and coupled to the TEG plenum, wherein the port ring encircles the second end of the burner barrel and the burner plate, the annular body defining a plurality of ports configured to permit TEG to flow from the plenum chamber of the TEG plenum, through the plurality of ports, and into the combustion chamber. 2. The low-NOx turbine exhaust fuel burner assembly of claim 1, further comprising: an air mover adapted to flow fresh air through the fresh air inlet. 3. The low-NOx turbine exhaust fuel burner assembly of claim 2, where the air mover comprises a fan, a compressor, or a fan and a compressor. 4. The low-NOx turbine exhaust fuel burner assembly of claim 1, where the TEG plenum is disposed within the windbox such that the windbox chamber surrounds the TEG plenum. 5. The low-NOx turbine exhaust fuel burner assembly of claim 4, further comprising: a duct coupled to the TEG plenum in fluid communication with the TEG inlet and configured to introduce TEG from a turbine into the TEG plenum. 6. The low-NOx turbine exhaust fuel burner assembly of claim 5, wherein the combustion chamber is configured to provide heat in a boiler. 7. The low-NOx turbine exhaust fuel burner assembly of claim 1, where the one or more dampers comprise a slide damper disposed around the burner barrel such that the slide damper is slidable between the first configuration and the second configuration. 8. The low-NOx turbine exhaust fuel burner assembly of claim 1, wherein the TEG plenum is disposed within the windbox chamber and coupled to the windbox by a slip connection. 9. The low-NOx turbine exhaust fuel burner assembly of claim 1, further comprising: a plurality of core fuel spuds extending in the downstream direction within the TEG plenum to and through the burner plate so as to surround the center fire gas gun fuel spud;a plurality of inner fuel spuds extending in the downstream direction within the TEG plenum towards the burner plate, and wherein the burner plate has a plurality of slot ports and the plurality of inner fuel spuds are aligned with the plurality of slot ports, and wherein the plurality of inner fuel spuds are positioned radially outward from the plurality of core fuel spuds; anda plurality of outer fuel spuds extending in the downstream direction within the TEG plenum to and through the port ring into the combustion chamber, wherein the plurality of outer fuel spuds are positioned radially outward from the plurality of inner fuel spuds. 10. The low-NOx turbine exhaust fuel burner assembly of claim 9, wherein: the TEG plenum is disposed within the windbox such that the windbox chamber surrounds the TEG plenum, and the TEG plenum is coupled to the windbox by a slip connection;the low-NOx turbine exhaust fuel burner assembly is configured to receive TEG from a turbine, and wherein the combustion chamber is configured to provide heat in a boiler; andthe one or more dampers comprise a slide damper disposed around the burner barrel such that the slide damper is slidable between the first configuration and the second configuration. 11. The low-NOx turbine exhaust fuel burner assembly of claim 10, wherein the plurality of ports are angled inward relative to a longitudinal axis of the burner barrel. 12. A low-NOx turbine exhaust fuel burner assembly comprising: a windbox;a turbine exhaust gas (TEG) plenum;a burner barrel having a first end, a second end, a sidewall defining a first plurality of openings and a second plurality of openings, and a channel extending between the first end of the burner barrel and the second end of the burner barrel, the burner barrel coupled to the windbox and the TEG plenum such that: the second plurality of openings is configured to permit fresh air to flow from the windbox into the channel of the burner barrel, andthe first plurality of openings is configured to permit TEG to flow from the TEG plenum into the channel of the burner barrel; anda burner plate at the second end of the burner barrel;a center fire gas gun fuel spud configured to inject fuel for combustion into a first fuel zone, wherein the center fire gas gun fuel spud extends in a downstream direction and through the burner barrel from the first end of the burner barrel toward the second end of the burner barrel and through the burner plate;a port ring defining an annular body and coupled to the TEG plenum, wherein the port ring encircles the second end of the burner barrel and the burner plate, the annular body defining a plurality of ports configured to permit TEG to flow from the TEG plenum, through the plurality of ports, and into a combustion chamber located downstream from the burner plate and the port ring;a plurality of core fuel spuds extending through the burner plate so as to surround the center fire gas gun fuel spud;a plurality of inner fuel spuds extending towards the burner plate, and wherein the burner plate has a plurality of slot ports and the plurality of inner fuel spuds are aligned with the plurality of slot ports, and wherein the plurality of inner fuel spuds are positioned radially outward from the plurality of core fuel spuds; anda plurality of outer fuel spuds extending to and through the port ring and into the combustion chamber, wherein the plurality of outer fuel spuds are positioned radially outward from the plurality of inner fuel spuds. 13. The low-NOx turbine exhaust fuel burner assembly of claim 12, further comprising: one or more dampers coupled to the burner barrel and configured to be moved between at least: a first configuration in which the one or more dampers cover the first plurality of openings to substantially prevent TEG from entering the burner barrel through the first plurality of openings; anda second configuration in which the one or more dampers do not cover at least a respective portion of each opening of the first plurality of openings to permit TEG to enter the burner barrel through the first plurality of openings;wherein the one or more dampers comprise a slide damper disposed around the burner barrel such that the slide damper is slidable between the first configuration and the second configuration. 14. A method of operating a low-NOx turbine exhaust fuel burner assembly, the low-NOx turbine exhaust fuel burner assembly comprising a windbox, wherein the windbox has a sidewall, the sidewall of the windbox defines a windbox chamber and a fresh air inlet through the sidewall of the windbox, and the fresh air inlet is in fluid communication with the windbox chamber, the low-NOx turbine exhaust fuel burner assembly further comprising a turbine exhaust gas (TEG) plenum coupled to the windbox, wherein the TEG plenum has a sidewall, the sidewall of the TEG plenum defines a plenum chamber and a TEG inlet through the sidewall of the TEG plenum, and the TEG inlet is in fluid communication with the plenum chamber of the TEG plenum, the low-NOx turbine exhaust fuel burner assembly further comprising a burner barrel having a first end and a second end, wherein the burner barrel extends through the windbox chamber and the plenum chamber of the TEG plenum, the burner barrel has a sidewall defining a first plurality of openings and a second plurality of openings, the sidewall of the burner barrel defines a channel extending between the first end of the burner barrel and the second end of the burner barrel, the second plurality of openings is configured to permit fresh air to flow from the windbox chamber into the channel of the burner barrel, the first plurality of openings is configured to permit TEG to flow from the TEG plenum into the channel of the burner barrel, and the channel of the burner barrel is open at the second end of the burner barrel to a first fuel zone in a combustion chamber, the low-NOx turbine exhaust fuel burner assembly further comprising one or more dampers coupled to the burner barrel and configured to be moved between at least a first configuration in which the one or more dampers cover the first plurality of openings to substantially prevent TEG from entering the burner barrel through the first plurality of openings and a second configuration in which the one or more dampers do not cover at least a respective portion of each opening of the first plurality of openings to permit TEG to enter the burner barrel through the first plurality of openings, the low-NOx turbine exhaust fuel burner assembly further comprising a burner plate at the second end of the burner barrel, a port ring, and a center fire gas gun fuel spud configured to inject fuel for combustion into the first fuel zone, wherein the center fire gas gun fuel spud extends in a downstream direction and through the burner barrel from the first end of the burner barrel toward the second end of the burner barrel and through the burner plate into the first fuel zone, the port ring has an annular body and is coupled to the TEG plenum, the port ring encircles the second end of the burner barrel and the burner plate, and the annular body of the port ring defines a plurality of ports configured to permit TEG to flow from the plenum chamber of the TEG plenum, through the plurality of ports, and into the combustion chamber, the method comprising: operating the low-NOx turbine exhaust fuel burner assembly in a TEG mode in which TEG and fresh air flow to the burner barrel to burn fuel;regulating the flow of fresh air based on one or more characteristics of the flowing TEG;switching operation of the low-NOx turbine exhaust fuel burner assembly from the TEG mode to a fresh air mode in which fresh air, but not TEG, flows to the burner barrel to burn the fuel, wherein switching operation from the TEG mode to the fresh air mode is performed by moving the one or more dampers into the first configuration to stop the flow of TEG to the burner barrel while fresh air continues to flow to the burner barrel to burn the fuel; andswitching operation of the low-NOx turbine exhaust fuel burner assembly from the fresh air mode to the TEG mode by moving the one or more dampers into the second configuration to resume the flow of TEG to the burner barrel, while continuing to provide the flow of fresh air to the burner barrel to burn the fuel. 15. The method of claim 14, wherein, while operating in the TEG mode, TEG flows through a duct to the TEG plenum, from the TEG plenum to the burner barrel, fresh air flows from an air mover into the burner barrel; and wherein the one or more characteristics of the flowing TEG are selected from the group consisting of: a concentration of oxygen in the TEG, an amount of TEG flowing to the burner barrel, a temperature of the flowing TEG, a rate of fuel flow to a turbine supplying the TEG, a temperature of the fuel flowing to the turbine, a rate of air flow to the turbine, and a temperature of the air flowing to the turbine. 16. The method of claim 14, further comprising: regulating a flow rate of TEG to the TEG plenum during operation in the TEG mode by adjusting a position of the one or more dampers relative to the burner barrel. 17. The method of claim 14, wherein switching operation from the TEG mode to the fresh air mode is performed in response to a turbine supplying the TEG ceasing to operate. 18. The method of claim 15, wherein fresh air flowing through the windbox cools the TEG plenum, the TEG plenum being surrounded by the windbox. 19. A method of operating a low-NOx turbine exhaust fuel burner assembly, the low-NOx turbine exhaust fuel burner assembly comprising a windbox, wherein the windbox has a sidewall, the sidewall of the windbox defines a windbox chamber and a fresh air inlet through the sidewall of the windbox, and the fresh air inlet is in fluid communication with the windbox chamber, the low-NOx turbine exhaust fuel burner assembly further comprising a turbine exhaust gas (TEG) plenum coupled to the windbox, wherein the TEG plenum has a sidewall, the sidewall of the TEG plenum defines a plenum chamber and a TEG inlet through the sidewall of the TEG plenum, and the TEG inlet is in fluid communication with the plenum chamber of the TEG plenum, the low-NOx turbine exhaust fuel burner assembly further comprising a burner barrel having a first end and a second end, wherein the burner barrel extends through the windbox chamber and the plenum chamber of the TEG plenum, the burner barrel has a sidewall defining a first plurality of openings and a second plurality of openings, the sidewall of the burner barrel defines a channel extending between the first end of the burner barrel and the second end of the burner barrel, the second plurality of openings is configured to permit fresh air to flow from the windbox chamber into the channel of the burner barrel, the first plurality of openings is configured to permit TEG to flow from the TEG plenum into the channel of the burner barrel, and the channel of the burner barrel is open at the second end of the burner barrel to a first fuel zone in a combustion chamber, the low-NOx turbine exhaust fuel burner assembly further comprising one or more dampers coupled to the burner barrel and configured to be moved between at least a first configuration in which the one or more dampers cover the first plurality of openings to substantially prevent TEG from entering the burner barrel through the first plurality of openings and a second configuration in which the one or more dampers do not cover at least a respective portion of each opening of the first plurality of openings to permit TEG to enter the burner barrel through the first plurality of openings, the low-NOx turbine exhaust fuel burner assembly further comprising a burner plate at the second end of the burner barrel, a port ring, and a center fire gas gun fuel spud configured to inject fuel for combustion into the first fuel zone, wherein the center fire gas gun fuel spud extends in a downstream direction and through the burner barrel from the first end of the burner barrel toward the second end of the burner barrel and through the burner plate into the first fuel zone, the port ring has an annular body and is coupled to the TEG plenum, the port ring encircles the second end of the burner barrel and the burner plate, and the annular body of the port ring defines a plurality of ports configured to permit TEG to flow from the plenum chamber of the TEG plenum, through the plurality of ports, and into the combustion chamber, the method comprising: operating the low-NOx turbine exhaust fuel burner assembly in a TEG mode in which TEG and fresh air flow to the burner barrel to burn fuel; andswitching operation of the low-NOx turbine exhaust fuel burner assembly from the TEG mode to a fresh air mode in which fresh air, but not TEG, flows to the burner barrel to burn the fuel, wherein switching operation from the TEG mode to the fresh air mode is performed in response to detecting a gas turbine trip. 20. The method of claim 19, wherein switching operation from the TEG mode to the fresh air mode comprises increasing fresh air flow to the burner barrel. 21. The method of claim 19, wherein switching operation from the TEG mode to the fresh air mode is performed according to a sequence of operations to achieve a pre-determined amount of thermal energy generation from the low-NOx turbine exhaust fuel burner assembly, the sequence of operations including: reducing a rate of burning the fuel to a TEG low fire state;moving fuel flow control valves to a fresh air light-off position;moving the one or more dampers to the first configuration to prevent TEG from flowing into the burner barrel; andadjusting an air mover to supply fresh air to the burner barrel at a fresh air light-off rate. 22. A method of operating a low-NOx turbine exhaust fuel burner assembly, the low-NOx turbine exhaust fuel burner assembly comprising a windbox, a turbine exhaust gas (TEG) plenum, and a burner barrel having a first end and a second end, wherein the burner barrel has a sidewall defining a first plurality of openings and a second plurality of openings, the sidewall defines a channel extending between the first end of the burner barrel and the second end of the burner barrel, and the burner barrel is coupled to the windbox and the TEG plenum such that the second plurality of openings is configured to permit fresh air to flow from the windbox into the channel of the burner barrel and such that the first plurality of openings is configured to permit TEG to flow from the TEG plenum into the channel of the burner barrel, the low-NOx turbine exhaust fuel burner assembly further comprising a burner plate at the second end of the burner barrel, a center fire gas gun fuel spud configured to inject fuel for combustion into a first fuel zone, and a port ring, wherein the center fire gas gun fuel spud extends in a downstream direction and through the burner barrel from the first end of the burner barrel toward the second end of the burner barrel and through the burner plate, the port ring defines an annular body and is coupled to the TEG plenum, the port ring encircles the second end of the burner barrel and the burner plate, the annular body defines a plurality of ports configured to permit TEG to flow from the TEG plenum and through the plurality of ports and into a combustion chamber located downstream from the burner plate and the port ring, the low-NOx turbine exhaust fuel burner assembly further comprising a plurality of core fuel spuds extending through the burner plate so as to surround the center fire gas gun fuel spud, a plurality of inner fuel spuds extending towards the burner plate, and a plurality of outer fuel spuds extending to and through the port ring and into the combustion chamber, wherein the burner plate has a plurality of slot ports and the plurality of inner fuel spuds are aligned with the plurality of slot ports, the plurality of inner fuel spuds are positioned radially outward from the plurality of core fuel spuds, and the plurality of outer fuel spuds are positioned radially outward from the plurality of inner fuel spuds, the method comprising: adjusting a combustion air source supplying fresh air to the low-NOx turbine exhaust fuel burner assembly based on one or more characteristics of a source of TEG for the low-NOx turbine exhaust fuel burner assembly. 23. The method of claim 22, wherein the source of TEG is a turbine, and wherein the one or more characteristics comprise respective flow parameters and respective temperatures of fuel and air flowing to the turbine. 24. The method of claim 22, wherein the source of TEG is a turbine, and wherein adjusting the combustion air source includes: determining a TEG equivalent airflow based on: a measured volumetric flow of combustion air supplying the turbine, the measured volumetric flow of combustion air being corrected for ambient temperature and normalized to standard temperature and pressure; anda measured volumetric flow of fuel supplying the turbine, the measured volumetric flow of fuel being normalized to standard temperature and pressure; andsubtracting the TEG equivalent airflow from a desired total airflow to determine an airflow set point of the combustion air source. 25. The method of claim 22, wherein the combustion air source comprises a fan, and wherein adjusting the combustion air source includes controlling a variable frequency drive and a control damper of the fan to adjust for variations in TEG flow and TEG O2 to maintain a low stack exhaust O2 setpoint.
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이 특허에 인용된 특허 (5)
Tsirulnikov, Lev; Gamburg, Michael; Brecker, Michael; Altpfart, Glen; Guarco, John; Waibel, Richard, Burner assembly with swirler formed from concentric components.
McGill Eugene C. (Skiatook OK) Massey Lee R. (Tulsa OK) Gibson William C. (Tulsa OK) Schmitt David W. (Tulsa OK), Multiple purpose burner process and apparatus.
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