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This invention provides a high molecular weight polysaccharide capable of binding to and inhibiting virus and related pharmaceutical formulations and methods of inhibiting viral infectivity and/or pathogenicity, as well as immunogenic compositions. The invention further includes methods of inhibitin

This invention provides a high molecular weight polysaccharide capable of binding to and inhibiting virus and related pharmaceutical formulations and methods of inhibiting viral infectivity and/or pathogenicity, as well as immunogenic compositions. The invention further includes methods of inhibiting the growth of cancer cells and of ameliorating a symptom of aging. Additionally, the invention provides methods of detecting and/or quantifying and/or isolating viruses.

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1. An inactivated anti-viral vaccine, the vaccine comprising: (a) a composition that binds to a virus and inhibits said virus, said composition comprising: an isolated polysaccharide comprising an arabinofuranosyl residue, a galactopyranosyl residue, and a galactouronic acid; anda catechin polymer;w

1. An inactivated anti-viral vaccine, the vaccine comprising: (a) a composition that binds to a virus and inhibits said virus, said composition comprising: an isolated polysaccharide comprising an arabinofuranosyl residue, a galactopyranosyl residue, and a galactouronic acid; anda catechin polymer;wherein said composition is soluble in water; andwherein said composition is obtainable by a method comprising: preparing a substantially homogeneous aqueous mixture or solution of plant material from one or more plants of the Vitaceae family;contacting said mixture or solution with an ion exchange resin and recovering the colored product; andfurther purifying the colored product by removing components that can pass through a dialysis filter that generally passes molecules having a molecular weight of a 5 ×105 Daltons or less to produce said composition; and(b) the virus, wherein said composition binds to the virus and inactivates the virus, and wherein the vaccine is formulated as a unit dosage formulation. 2. An inactivated anti-viral vaccine, the vaccine comprising: (a) a composition that binds to a virus and inhibits said virus, said composition comprising: an isolated polysaccharide comprising an arabinofuranosyl residue, a rhamnopyranosyl residue, a galactopyranosyl residue, a glucopyranosyl residue, a mannopyranosyl residue, and a galactouronic acid; anda non-carbohydrate aromatic polymer;wherein said composition comprises about 40 to about 44 percent oxygen, about 44 to about 48 percent carbon, about 3 to about 6 percent hydrogen; and about 0.1 to about 1 percent nitrogen;wherein said composition is soluble in water; andwherein said composition is obtainable by a method comprising: preparing a substantially homogeneous aqueous mixture or solution of plant material from one or more plants of the Vitaceae family;contacting said mixture or solution with an ion exchange resin and recovering the colored product; andfurther purifying the colored product by removing components that can pass through a dialysis filter that generally passes molecules having a molecular weight of a 5 ×105 Daltons or less to produce said composition; and(b) the virus, wherein said composition binds to the virus and inactivates the virus, and wherein the vaccine is formulated as a unit dosage formulation. 3. The vaccine of claim 1, wherein the composition comprises about 10 to about 30 weight percent polysaccharide and about 70 to about 90 weight percent catechin polymer. 4. The vaccine of claim 1, wherein the composition comprises a component having a molecular weight greater than about 1 million Daltons. 5. The vaccine of claim 1, wherein the composition comprises a component having a molecular weight in the range of about 60,000 to about 100,000 Daltons. 6. The vaccine of claim 4, wherein the composition comprises an additional component having a molecular weight in the range of about 60,000 to about 100,000 Daltons. 7. The vaccine of claim 6, wherein the ratio of the amount of the component having a molecular weight greater than about 1 million Daltons to the amount of the component having a molecular weight in the range of about 60,000 to about 100,000 Daltons is about 95:5. 8. The vaccine of claim 1, wherein said composition does not comprise protein. 9. The vaccine of claim 1, wherein said polysaccharide comprises: about 30 to about 75 mole percent arabinose;about 0 to about 10 mole percent rhamnose;about 0 to about 5 mole percent xylose;about 0 to about 8 mole percent glucuronic acid;about 3 to about 36 mole percent galactouronic acid;about 0 to about 6 mole percent mannose;about 1 to about 20 mole percent galactose; andabout 0 to about 13 mole percent glucose. 10. The vaccine of claim 2, wherein said polysaccharide comprises: about 60 to about 66 mole percent arabinose;about 4.1 to about 4.5 mole percent rhamnose;about 2.2 to about 2.4 mole percent xylose;about 8.7 to about 9.7 mole percent galactouronic acid;about 2.3 to about 2.5 mole percent mannose;about 13.7 to about 15.1 mole percent galactose; andabout 4.2 to about 4.6 mole percent glucose. 11. The vaccine of claim 1, wherein said polysaccharide comprises: a terminally linked arabinofuranosyl residue (t-Araf);a 2-linked arabinofuranosyl residue (2-Araf);a 2-linked rhamnopyranosyl residue (2-Rhap);a 3-linked arabinofuranosyl residue (3-Araf);a terminally linked galactopyranosyl residue (t-Gal);a 5-linked arabinofuranosyl residue (5-Araf);a 3-linked glucopyranosyl residue (3-Glc) and/or a 2,4-linked rhamnopyranosyl residue (2,4-Rhap);a 2-linked glucopyranosyl residue (2-Glc);a 4-linked mannopyranosyl residue (4-Man);a 3,5-linked arabinofuranosyl residue (3,5-Araf);a 2,5-linked arabinofuranosyl residue (2,5-Araf);a 4-linked glucopyranosyl residue (4-Glc);a 2,3,5-linked arabinofuranosyl residue (3,5-Araf) and/or a 2,3,4-linked arabinopyranosyl residue (2,3,4-Arap);a 4-linked galactouronic acid (4-gal A);a 3,6-linked galactopyranosyl residue (3,6-Gal);a 2,3,4,6-linked mannopyranosyl residue (2,3,4,6-Man);a 2,3,4,6-linked galactopyranosyl residue (2,3,4,6-Gal)&2,3,4-linked galactouronic acid; anda 2,3,4,6-linked glucopyranosyl residue (2,3,4,6-Glc). 12. The vaccine of claim 11, wherein said polysaccharide comprises: said terminally linked arabinofuranosyl residue (t-Araf) comprises about 14.2 to about 15.7 wt percent of said polysaccharide;said 2-linked arabinofuranosyl residue (2-Araf) comprises about 9.1 to about 10.08 wt percent of said polysaccharide;said 2-linked rhamnopyranosyl residue (2-Rhap) comprises about 0.3 wt percent of said polysaccharide;said 3-linked arabinofuranosyl residue (3-Araf) comprises about 3.0 to about 3.4 wt percent of said polysaccharide;said terminally linked galactopyranosyl residue (t-Gal) comprises about 2.0 to about 2.2 wt percent of said polysaccharide;said 5-linked arabinofuranosyl residue (5-Araf) comprises about 15.0 to about 16.6 wt percent of said polysaccharide;said 3-linked glucopyranosyl residue (3-Glc) and/or 2,4-linked rhamnopyranosyl residue (2,4-Rhap) comprises about 0.7 wt percent of said polysaccharide;said 2-linked glucopyranosyl residue (2-Glc) comprises about 1.1 to about 1.3 wt percent of said polysaccharide;said 4-linked mannopyranosyl residue (4-Man) comprises about 1.3 to about 1.5 wt percent of said polysaccharide;said 3,5-linked arabinofuranosyl residue (3,5-Araf) comprises about 6.6 to about 7.3 wt percent of said polysaccharide;said 2,5-linked arabinofuranosyl residue (2,5-Araf) comprises about 5.0 to about 5.6 wt percent of said polysaccharide;said 4-linked glucopyranosyl residue (4-Glc) comprises about 4.6 to about 5.0 wt percent of said polysaccharide;said 2,3,5-linked arabinofuranosyl residue (3,5-Araf) and/or 2,3,4-linked arabinopyranosyl residue (2,3,4-Arap) comprises about 25.7 to about 28.4 wt percent of said polysaccharide;said 4-linked galactouronic acid (4-gal A) comprises about 1.4 to about 1.6 wt percent of said polysaccharide;said 3,6-linked galactopyranosyl residue (3,6-Gal) comprises about 0.4 wt percent of said polysaccharide;said 2,3,4,6-linked mannopyranosyl residue (2,3,4,6-Man) comprises about 0.7 wt percent of said polysaccharide;said 2,3,4,6-linked galactopyranosyl residue (2,3,4,6-Gal)&2,3,4-linked galactouronic acid comprises about 2.0 to about 2.2 wt percent of said polysaccharide; andsaid 2,3,4,6-linked glucopyranosyl residue (2,3,4,6-Glc) comprises about 2.1 to about 2.3 wt percent of said polysaccharide. 13. The vaccine of claim 1, wherein the virus is from a family selected from the group consisting of Adenoviridae, Picornaviridae, Reoviridae, Arenaviridae, Bunyaviridae, Coroanviridae, Herpesviridae, Orthomyxoviridae, Paramyxoviridae, Poxviridae Rhabdoviridae, Flaviviridae, and Retroviridae. 14. The vaccine of claim 2, wherein said composition provides a NMR spectrum as shown in FIG. 3A. 15. The vaccine of claim 1, wherein said composition is formulated in a delivery form selected from the group consisting of a nasal spray and an injectable. 16. The vaccine of claim 1, wherein the composition is obtained by said method comprising: preparing a substantially homogeneous aqueous mixture or solution of plant material from one or more plants of the Vitaceae family;contacting said mixture with an ion exchange resin and recovering the colored product; andfurther purifying the colored product by removing components that can pass through a dialysis filter that generally passes molecules having a molecular weight of a 5 ×105 Daltons or less to produce a composition that binds a virus. 17. A method of preparing an inactivated anti-viral vaccine, said method comprising: contacting a virus with a composition that binds to the virus and inhibits said virus, said composition comprising: an isolated polysaccharide comprising an arabinofuranosyl residue, a galactopyranosyl residue, and a galactouronic acid; anda catechin polymer;wherein said composition is soluble in water; andwherein said composition is obtainable by a method comprising: preparing a substantially homogeneous aqueous mixture or solution of plant material from one or more plants of the Vitaceae family;contacting said mixture or solution with an ion exchange resin and recovering the colored product;wherein said contacting is carried out for a sufficient time to inactivate the virus. 18. A method of inducing an immune response in a mammal, said method comprising administering to said mammal a vaccine according to claim 1 in an amount sufficient to induce an immune response. 19. The vaccine of claim 1, wherein the vaccine additionally comprises an adjuvant. 20. The vaccine of claim 1, wherein the vaccine does not comprise any adjuvant. 21. The method of claim 18, wherein the method comprises administering the vaccine intranasally. 22. The method of claim 18, wherein the method comprises administering the vaccine by injection. 23. The method of claim 22, wherein the method comprises administering the vaccine by intradermal injection. 24. The method of claim 18, wherein the method comprises administering the vaccine in at least two, separate doses.