초록 ▼

본 연구의 목적은 1)난지형 한국잔디 우량계통의 조기육성과 품종화, 2)국내 한국잔디 유전자원의 수집 평가 및 보존, 3)상업화 잔디 품종의 생산·관리·교육 매뉴얼 마련과 품종의 브랜드화를 통해 잔디 산업활성화 기반을 마련하는데 있다. 연구결과 방사선 돌연변이체 유도를 위해 종자를 이용할 경우 양성자 빔 200-250Gy과 감마선 250-350Gy가 적절하고, 화분수정시기에는 20-50Gy의 돌연변이체 유도선량이 결정되었다. 방사선처리 결과 세엽, 왜성, 다분지성 및 녹기지연 특성을 보이는 총 17계통을 육성하여 포장검정 중에 있으

본 연구의 목적은 1)난지형 한국잔디 우량계통의 조기육성과 품종화, 2)국내 한국잔디 유전자원의 수집 평가 및 보존, 3)상업화 잔디 품종의 생산·관리·교육 매뉴얼 마련과 품종의 브랜드화를 통해 잔디 산업활성화 기반을 마련하는데 있다. 연구결과 방사선 돌연변이체 유도를 위해 종자를 이용할 경우 양성자 빔 200-250Gy과 감마선 250-350Gy가 적절하고, 화분수정시기에는 20-50Gy의 돌연변이체 유도선량이 결정되었다. 방사선처리 결과 세엽, 왜성, 다분지성 및 녹기지연 특성을 보이는 총 17계통을 육성하여 포장검정 중에 있으며 이 중 다분지고밀도 계통을 특허출원하였다. 화분개화 시기 방사선 조사를 통하여 형태변이(19계통), 건조저항성(4계통), 녹기연장(2계통), 내한성(3계통)을 선발하여 생리적 검정을 완료하고 품종출원을 위한 조사를 실시하였다. 또한 교배를 통하여 기존 확보한 제초제 저항성 유전자를 금잔디와 갯잔디에 도입하여 유전자 도입이 확인된 5계통을 확인하였다. 생산포장에서 기존 잔디관리 및 동일한 생산환경에서 우량 변이계통의 선발을 통해 국내 우점종인 ‘중지‘계통보다 피복속도 및 휴면기 녹기연장 특성을 갖는 2개 계통(장성샛별, 장성초록)을 품종출원 하였다. 난지형 자생잔디의 수집보존을 위해 6종(species) 106개의 생태형(ecotype)을 확보하였고 자생지 및 재배지에서의 형태, 생육 및 토양특성을 분석비교하였고 이들의 유전다양성 분석을 위해 RFLP 및 ITS 영역의 염기서열을 분석하였다. 잔디생산자 및 교육목적으로 난지형 및 한지형 잔디시범포를 조성하였고, 수집된 자원은 보존포를 조성하여 유전자원의 소실방지와 교배목적으로 활용할 계획이다. 잔디생산 농가를 위한 실용화연구
에서 한국잔디에 많이 발생하는 large patch(갈색마름병) 방제를 위해 국내 토양에서 길항작용을 보이는 3개 균주를 확보하였고 특성검정 후 1균주를 특허출원하였다. 국내 잔디생산 농가 80곳을 대상으로 잔디 생산 현황 및 토양특성을 조사하여 잔디생산 매뉴얼 작성을 하였고 이를 기초로 잔디생산기술 교육을 2회 실시하였다(교육워크샵 교재발간). 잔디 상품가치 제고방안으로 잔디품질 인증시스템을 마련하고자 잔디품질 평가 및 품질등급화 기준을 마련하였다. 그리고 생산자이력표준화 지침을 마련하여 시책건의를 하였고 잔디 수요 고도화를 위하여 잔디 수요조사, 품종 설명서 및 일반인 잔디관리 지침서를 제작하였다.

Abstract ▼

The purposes of this research project were 1) to apply diverse breeding technologies including mutation breeding, selection breeding and cross hybridization to explore high quality zoysiagrass lines, 2) to collect and conserve zoysiagrass landraces, and characterize morphological, physiological and

The purposes of this research project were 1) to apply diverse breeding technologies including mutation breeding, selection breeding and cross hybridization to explore high quality zoysiagrass lines, 2) to collect and conserve zoysiagrass landraces, and characterize morphological, physiological and genetic diversity of the collections, and 3) to develop turfgrass management and postharvest packages practically used for turfgrass production and education.
◆ Development of mutation breeding techniques and superior mutants available to Korean turfgrass industry
Mutation induction with gamma radiation generated from 60Co source at Korea Atomic Energy Research Institute (KAERI) or at Applied Radiological Science Research Institute of Jeju University, and proton beam at Korea institute of radiological and medical sciences (KIRAMS) optimized its dosage at 175 to 250Gy/24hr for seed treatment and at 10 to 30Gy/24hr for seed head (inflorescence) treatment, which successfully generated fine-leaf mutants, leaf colored mutants, fall-greening mutants, dwarf mutants, high-density & tillering mutants, and stress-tolerant mutants. Those induced mutants were primary compared with zoysiagrass species or a most popular type ‘Jungji’ morphologically, physiologically, and genetically.
Two stay green mutants were investigated by determining the chlorophyll degradation pattern, chlorophyll content and the photochemical efficiency (Fv/Fm) under dark treatment. In order to induce dwarf type and abiotic-stress resistant types along with herbicide resistance, hybridization between JejuGreen21 (herbicide-resistant), Zoysia matrella and Zoysia sinica zoysiagrasses were performed. Through the mutation treatment, the genetic diversity was found to increase to 0.2 to 0.33 with polymorphism information content of 0.16 to 0.27. A total of 38 mutants which had distictive and favorable traits targeting to Korean turfgrass industry were selected and investigated. Among them, a selection CNU01BP44 which had fine-leaf and multi-tillering traits compared to fine-type ‘Jungji’ was applied to acquire a patent right.
To identify the mutants induced, RAPD-based SCAR(sequence-characterized amplified region) marker were developed and two SCAR markers specifically amplified CY6069 and 70-1 are available now. Also, ITS-based CAPS (Cleaved Amplified Polymorphic Sequences) markers were developed, which are useful to identify the fine-leaf 70-1 mutant.
A large patch has been a major zoysiagrass disease so that this project screened three bacterial strains inhibiting the fungal growth, and one of them (CNU-BA-2) was applied for a patent as an environmentally-friend pesticide for the large patch disease in zoysiagrass.
◆ Collection, evaluation and conservation of warm-season turfgrasses landraces
A total of 106 germplasm was collected from southern regions of Korea, which consists of Zoysia japonica, Z. sinica, Z. matrella, Z. macrostachya, Jungji type, and bermudagrass. Morphological variations (leaf width, plant height, leaf angle, length of leaf sheath, leaf trichome, stolon length, and seed shape) of the collections in the habitat and experimental sites were investigated and compared. Among the entries, most of the measurements did not show any significant differences between natural and experimental plot except for leaf angle of Z. sinica and the number of seeds per spike of Z. matrella, which might be caused by different environmental conditions.
All the collected genotypes were transplanted in a germplasm collection plot (4m² each) in Dado-myeon, Naju-si, Jeollanam-do, Korea. Also, an exhibition field (300m2 size for each cultivar) was constructed to demonstrate cultivar identification and education purposes. Seven Korean varieties (Jangsung-Jungji, Anyang-Jungji, Zoysia japonica, Geonhui, Zenith, Millock, Senock) were planted on June 23, 2010, using sprigging method in Samseo-myeon, Jangseong-gun, Jeollanam-do. Morphological, genetic, and physiological characteristics of the germplasm in the plot were also investigated. Two varieties of cool-season turfgrass (Kentucky bluegrass, Kentucky bluegrass (80%)+Perennial ryegrass (20%)) were also sown on June 16, 2010, in Dado-myeon, Naju-si, Jeollanam-do, Korea.
To characterize genetic diversity of the collected genotypes, ITS regions and RFLP analysis were investigated. Restriction enzymes Hap Ⅱ and Hha Ⅰ were able to determine the genetic differences significantly, where the enzyme Hha Ⅰ was able to amplify three major bands and the enzyme Hap Ⅱ amplified four major bands among the genotypes investigated. ITS rDNA sequence showed no significant difference for the warm-season collections compared to NCBI genebank entries, but a significant difference in five sections in ITS1 region was detected in Zoysia japonica and Z. sinica. ITS2 and 5.8S areas also showed the sequence difference.
◆ Selection of superior breeding lines from sod field and development of new cultivar
For selection of superior breeding lines in the sod production field, field experiments were conducted to evaluate the morphological characteristics and growth rate of medium-leaf type of 101 zoysiagrasses collected from the major sod production area (Jang Seong Gun) in South Korea. Variation of leaf wide, plant height, leaf angle, length of leaf sheath, cotton hair, stolon length, and color were measured in a pot under the greenhouse conditions (Temperature ranged 15-30℃) and six lines were finally selected by evaluating growth rates among 101 collected lines. Eight standard entry and four other superior lines collected were compared with 6 selected lines by checking growth rate and morphological characteristics in a consecutive year. Mean of leaf blade width was 3.4mm, leaf angle was 45.8 degree, plant height showed 21.6cm, height of lowest leaf was 5.0cm, and length of leaf blade showed 14.1cm. Growth rate of selected lines 'CY6097' and 'CY6069' was 70% and 68.3%, respectively. These are believed to be faster growth rates than 60% ground cover rate of Anyang medium leaf zoysiagrass, and also, twice as faster than 31.7% ground cover rate of Z. matrella. Selected line 'CY6069' showed fast growth rate with shorter internode length (5.1cm) compared to Anyang medium leaf zoysiagrass. Based on the results of the study, we could select useful zoysiagrass breeding lines with fast growth rate from the major sod production area (Jang Seong Gun) in Korea.
A new zoysiagrass cultivar 'JangsungSaetbyeol' (Application No.:2013-4) was one of the selected lines from 101 genetic resources collected from Jangseong-gun sod farms. CY6069 (JangsungSaetbyeol) showed superior performance in green up and density rating. 'JangsungSaetbyeol' showed genetically dark reddish stolon color, with medium leaf width (3.5mm), faster growth rate, and narrow leaf angle (21 degree). Fast recovery rate and high shoot density characters will make this variety to produce high quality sod. Another new zoysiagrass cultivar 'JangsungChorok' (Application No.:2013-3) was developed. CY6097 (JangsungChorok) showed superior performance in spring green up and growth rate. 'JangsungChorok' showed genetically dark green leaf color, with medium leaf width (4.4mm), lowest hight from ground to first leaf blade (3.2cm) and low plant height (18cm). Fast recovery rate, early spring green up rate and high level of cold hardiness will make this variety to produce high quality sod.
◆ Development of turfgrass management and postharvest manuals practically applied to turfgrass production, distribution and education
A sod production and management manual was written to produce high quality turfgrass sod based on the information on sod size, turfgrass mowing, method of fertilizer and agricultural pesticide application by visiting turfgrass farmers of 7 agricultural zones including Gyeonggi-do and Jeolla-do, and investigated current situation of lawn soil after analyzing lawn soil collected from each area. The surveyed information was compared with Japanese sod production status and method.
Two workshops were held for sod farmers in Jangseong-gun and sod farmers from the country. These workshops were basically training the farmers ways of efficient sod production, cost-effective and environment-friend managements including fertilizer application, soil cultivation, pest control, irrigation, mowing in a yearly scheduled format. The workshop textbook for sod farmers was developed and distributed (ISBN No. 978-89-958890-2-5, 140 pages).
For high quality sod distribution in the country, Sod Qulity Grade System (SQGS) and Sod Product Traceability System (SPTS) were proposed by modifying current agricultural product grade and traceability systems. To grade sod quality, directing organization under Korea forest service appoints a committee of 3-4 people who evaluate quality criteria including sod height, density, uniformity, strength, soil texture, pests three times yearly and eventually issue a certification. In the SPTS, sod farmers and sod distributers are supposed to send all sod information (farmers, cultivar name, harvest date and amount, facility, stock date and amount, traceability barcode, releasing date and amount, etc) to Korea Forest Service where any customers can accessible the information. These quality control systems were currently proposed to Korea Forest Service and more implementation action plan will be prepared and anticipated.
Also, a survey of turfgrass customers was implemented targeting golf courses of the whole country to investigate the current situation of turfgrass customer to utilize as a basic material to increase customers. As well, turfgrass production in Japan and their brand promotion status were investigated to utilize the material for the management training workshop for high quality turfgrass production and the research for local brand promotion. To enable the ordinary people who want to select zoysiagrass easily, a guide to zoysiagrass cultivar selection was designed and developed, which collectively increases turfgrass demands by using those trouble-shooting brochures in various turfgrass sites including school playground, stadium, building roof, parks, and roadsides, etc.

목차 Contents

• 제출문 ... 1
• 보고서 요약서 ... 2
• 요 약 문 ... 4
• SUMMARY ... 12
• CONTENTS ... 16
• 목차 ... 17
• 제 1 장 연구개발과제의 개요 ... 18
• 1절. 연구개발 개요 및 목표 ... 18
• 2절. 연구개발의 필요성 ... 19
• 3절. 연구내용 및 범위 ... 21
• 제 2 장 국내외 기술개발 현황 ... 22
• 1절. 세계적 수준 ... 22
• 2절. 국내 수준 ... 24
• 3절. 국내ㆍ외의 연구현황 ... 25
• 제 3 장 연구개발수행 내용 및 결과 ... 26
• 1절. 국내 환경 적합 난지형 잔디 인공변이 기술 및 우수 품종 개발 [주관과제(충남대학교), 제 1위탁(제주대학교)] ... 26
• 1. 한국잔디의 교잡 및 변이체 유도기술의 확립 및 개체선발 ... 26
• 2. 선발된 개체의 형태적, 생리적 및 유전적 다양성 비교 ... 31
• 3. 한국잔디 돌연변이 유망계통의 선발 및 산업재산권 출원 ... 46
• 4. 유망 선발계통의 식별을 위한 분자마커 개발 ... 51
• 5. 신품종 한국잔디 주요 병해예방을 위한 길항미생물 선발 ... 55
• 2절. 난지형 한국자생 잔디수집, 우수개체 선발 및 지역적응성 평가 [제 1 협동(전남산림자원연구소), 제 2위탁(단국대학교)] ... 57
• 1. 난지형 한국잔디 유전자원 수집 및 생리형태적 특성 조사 ... 57
• 2. 한국잔디 유전자원 보존포 및 잔디품종 전시포 조성 및 관리 ... 67
• 3. 수집된 난지형 한국잔디의 유전다양성 비교 ... 69
• 4. 상업종 재배포장내 우수개체의 선발 및 품종출원 ... 81
• 3절. 한국잔디류의 지역브랜드화 및 매뉴얼 개발[제 2 협동과제, 잔디연구소] ... 91
• 1. 국내 및 일본 잔디생산 농가현황 조사 ... 91
• 2. 잔디 생산관리 매뉴얼 제작 및 교육워크샵 실시 ... 101
• 3. 잔디 품질인증서 및 등급제 제안 ... 104
• 4. 잔디 생산자 이력 표준화 연구(시책건의) ... 107
• 5. 일반인 잔디관리 매뉴얼 제작보급 ... 110
• 6. 잔디 수요확대를 위한 홍보전략 및 활용 극대화 방안 ... 115
• 제 4 장 목표달성도 및 관련분야에의 기여도 ... 126
• 제 5 장 연구개발결과의 활용계획 ... 130
• 1절. 활용계획 ... 130
• 2절. 기대효과 ... 130
• 제 6 장 연구개발과정에서 수집한 해외과학기술정보 ... 132
• 제 7 장 참고문헌 ... 133
• 연구개발보고서 초록 ... 135
• 끝페이지 ... 139