초록 ▼

Ⅳ. 초고밀도 육상해삼양식 기술개발 결과
1. Lab-scale(50L)에서의 사육실험
체장 3cm~5cm(평균 4.1cm), 체중이 1-3g(평균 1.5g)짜리를 방양하여 평균 18℃ 수온의 순환여과시스템내에서 180일간 사육한 결과, 평균 17.75g으로 성장하였으며, 최종적으로 생산된 총중량은 3,833g/수조(0.18㎡)로서 직사각형수조의 경우 단위면적당 한계밀도는 70.27㎏/3.3㎡에 해당하였다. 이 때 사료계수는 4.0을 나타냈다.
2. Semi pilot-scale(300L)에서의 사육실험
체장

Ⅳ. 초고밀도 육상해삼양식 기술개발 결과
1. Lab-scale(50L)에서의 사육실험
체장 3cm~5cm(평균 4.1cm), 체중이 1-3g(평균 1.5g)짜리를 방양하여 평균 18℃ 수온의 순환여과시스템내에서 180일간 사육한 결과, 평균 17.75g으로 성장하였으며, 최종적으로 생산된 총중량은 3,833g/수조(0.18㎡)로서 직사각형수조의 경우 단위면적당 한계밀도는 70.27㎏/3.3㎡에 해당하였다. 이 때 사료계수는 4.0을 나타냈다.
2. Semi pilot-scale(300L)에서의 사육실험
체장 15cm~25cm, 18-30g(평균 24.1g)짜리를 원통형수조에 4,273마리를 방양하여 초고밀도인 103㎏/0.34㎡ (=1,000㎏/3.3㎡)로 시작하였다. 90일 후에로 수용하여 순환여과시스템 내에서 이 밀도를 유지한 결과 평균 20.2g으로 성장하였으며, 최종적으로 생산된 총중량은 74.1㎏/0.34㎡(수조)로서 단위면적당 밀도는 719.5㎏/3.3㎡에 해당하였다. 이는 원통형수조에서는 3.3㎡로 환산했을 때는 약 720㎏이 한계인 것으로 나타났다.
3. Pilot scale(1,000L)에서의 사육실험
체장 22.1cm, 체중 24.59g짜리를 사용하여 원통형1톤수조에 3,014마리를 방양하여 초기밀도 74.1㎏/1.0㎡ (=244.53㎏/3.3㎡)로 방양하였으며, 60일 후에 생존율 90.1%로서 높은 생존율로서 평균 27.65g으로 성장하였으며, 최종적으로 생산된 총중량은 75.1㎏/1.0㎡(수조)로서 단위면적당 밀도는 247.83㎏/3.3㎡에 해당하였다.
특이한 점은 초고밀도의 기대와는 달리 높은 생존율과 양호한 수질환경에도 불구하고 총성장량 1.0㎏, 사료계수는 14.1이라는 극히 저조한 성적을 나타냈다. 이는 원통형 초고밀도 상태에서는 해삼의 축양은 가능하지만, 성장을 기대할 수 없다는 결과를 얻었다.
4. 양식형태(노지와 채롱)에 따른 섭이생태확인 사육실험
실험결과 노지양식에서는 초기 3g짜리가 10개월 경과 후 평균 120g으로 자라 빠른 성장을 한 반면, 채롱식 양식에서는 초기 25.6g짜리가 평균 29.8g(16.0g~32.0g)으로 자라 성장이 정체하거나, 감소하였다. 이는 해삼은 개방수계(자연상태)에서는 패류와 같이 여과섭식으로 성장이 불가함을 의미한다. 이러한 결과는 초고밀도상태의 원통형 수조에서 해삼이 성장하지 못하는 이유는 해삼의 섭이생태를 무시한 양식방법(혹은 사육조형태)으로는 성장을 기대 할 수 없음이 증명되었다.
5. SRS(Shallow Raceway System)에서의 사육실험
실험결과 체장 16.4cm, 체중 18.15g짜리를 사용하여 원통형1톤수조에 1,471마리를 방양하여 초기밀도 26.7㎏/1.0㎡ (=88.1㎏/3.3㎡)로 방양하였으며, 90일 후에 생존율 82.6%로서 높은 생존율로서 평균 37.36g으로 성장하였으며, 최종적으로 생산된 총중량은 45.4㎏/1.0㎡(수조)로서 단위면적당 밀도는 149.8㎏/3.3㎡에 해당하였다.
6. 현장실증 사육실험
실험결과 종묘는 2009년 12월 4일 평균체장 2.3cm, 평균체중 1.8g짜리를 각각의 직시각형 콘크리이트 사육수조(4m x 6m)에 30,000마리를 입식하여 초기밀도 54.0㎏/24㎡(=7.42㎏/3.3㎡)로 방양하였으며, 8개월 후에는 생존율 68.6%로서 평균 23.2g으로 성장하였으며, 최종적으로 생산된 총중량은 478.5㎏/24㎡로서 단위면적당 밀도는 65.8㎏/3.3㎡에 해당하였다.
경제성 분석결과 치삼의 가격과 사료의 효율성이 사업성립의 주요항목으로 나타났으며, 이들에 대한 추가 연구가 절실이 필요하다.

Abstract ▼

Ⅳ. Result of the technology development for ultras high density sea cucumber farming on the land.
1. Loading experiment in the Lab-scale(50L)
The sea cucumbers in body length of 3cm~5cm(average 4.1cm) and body weight of 1-3g(average 1.5g) were released for farming and they were raised for 180

Ⅳ. Result of the technology development for ultras high density sea cucumber farming on the land.
1. Loading experiment in the Lab-scale(50L)
The sea cucumbers in body length of 3cm~5cm(average 4.1cm) and body weight of 1-3g(average 1.5g) were released for farming and they were raised for 180 days in the circulation filtering system in 18℃ water temperature and they were grown to 17.75g in average. The finally produced weight was 3,833g/water tank (0.18m²). The limit of density per unit area in case of rectangular water tank was 70.27㎏/3.3m². The forage coefficient was 4.0 in this case.
2. Loading experiment in Semi pilot-scale(300L)
4,273 sea cucumbers in body length of 15cm~25cm and body weight of 18-30g(average 24.1g) were discharged for farming in the cylindrical water tank and they were started for raising ultra high density of 103㎏/0.34m² (=1,000㎏/3.3m²). They were grown to average 20.2g in maintaining the density inside the circulation filtering system for keeping 90 days. The finally produced weight was 74.1㎏/0.34m²(water tank). The density per unit are was 719.5㎏/3.3m². It was shown that about 720kg is the limit when it is converted by 3.3m²로 in the cylindrical water tank.
3. Loading experiment in pilot scale(1,000L)
3,014 sea cucumbers in body length of 22.1cm and body weight of 24.59g in initial density of 74.1㎏/1.0m² (=244.53㎏/3.3m²) were discharged for farming in 1 ton cylindrical water tank. They were grown to average 27.65g with high survival rate of 90.1% after 60 days. The finally produced total weight was 75.1㎏/1.0m²(water tank). The density per unit was 247.83㎏/3.3m².
It is peculiar that it showed very poor loading achievement of total growth quantity of 1.0kg and forage coefficient of 14.1 in spite of the high survival rate and the good water quality environment differently with the expectation in ultra high density. The data of 14.1(Building conversion) of forage coefficient means the almost little use of the forage. It suggested the fundamental hypothesis that good forage coefficient was shown in the rectangular water tank, but there can be a close correlation between the shape of the farming tank and the feeding ecology of sea cucumber in the ultra high density condition of sea cucumber in semi pilot-scale(300L) and pilot scale(1,000L). Therefore, the bare ground loading and wicker backet loading were planned to prove this hypothesis and the feeding ecology of sea cucumber depending on the loading pattern was identified.
4. Loading experiment for checking the feeding ecology of sea cucumber depending on the farming pattern (Bare ground and wicker basket)
The comparisonal experiment was performed in the same environment condition except the feeding condition by setting the experiment group on the bare ground loading and experiment group on the wicker basket loading in the same hatchery for sea cucumber(Area 22,500m²) located in Shandong in China to identify the relation of the feeding ecology of sea cucumber and loading tank shape for November 2008 till August 2009. The feeding was non feeding system and the feeding by the inflow of periodical inflow and the naturally created feeding were the all. The experiment result showed that 3g sea cucumbers in the beginning were grown rapidly as they were grown to average 120g in the bare ground loading and the growth was stopped or reduced as the 25.6g of sea cucumbers in the beginning were grown to average 29.8g(16.0g~32.0g) in the wicker basket loading. It means that the growth of sea cucumber is impossible with the filtering feeding like the shellfishes in the open water system (Natural condition). Such result proves that the growth can not be expected with the loading method (or the loading tank shape) neglecting the feeding ecology of sea cucumber as a reason for sea cucumber not to grow in the cylindrical water tank in ultra high density condition.
5. Loading experiment in SRS(Shallow Raceway System)
The loading experiment in SRS was performed in the culture laboratory in College of Marine Science of Gyeongsang National University for 3 months from August till November 2009. The loading tank was rectangular type glass water tank (L2mxW0.5mxH0.5m). The filtering tank (Same water area), sediment tank, foam separator and other equipment were same with those of pilot scale. 18℃ was maintained for loading temperature and the circulation ratio of the loading water was 52 cycles/day, and the same fermented forage used in the previous experiment was adopted.
1,471 sea cucumbers in body length of 16.4cm and body weight of 18.15g in initial density of 26.7㎏/1.0m² (=88.1㎏/3.3m²) were discharged for farming in 1 ton cylindrical water tank. They were grown to average 37.36g with high survival rate of 82.6% after 90 days. The finally produced total weight was 45.4㎏/1.0m²(water tank). The density per unit was 149.8㎏/3.3m².
Loading experiment for verification at the site
The loading facility located in Sanyang-myeon in Tongyoung city was the concrete water tank of 4m(L) x 6m(W) x 1.8m(H). 1.5m of water depth was kept for farming. The floor was designed for convenient cleaning and easy collection of the excrement to the center drain in 10% slope of floor. The circulation filtering system was operated to maintain the temperature of the water which is the biggest problem in the sea cucumber hatchery on the land. The water temperature was kept in 15℃ and heat pump and boiler were used together. The fresh sea water was collected for the supply of supplement water and the suspended materials was precipitated in the sediment tank (300 tons) and the mixing of the copepods was maximally inhibited by passing through the 1st sand filtering and the 2nd sand filtering. The circulation of the culturing water was 48 cycles/day and the same fermented forage which was used in the loading experiment by the hosting organization was adopted. The 2 step plates (30 X 40X 30, Height) for sea cucumber and hoisting the onion sag was performed to increase the feeding surface area for sea cucumber based on the result from SRS experiment. 30,000 seeds in body length of 2.3cm and body weight of 1.8g in initial density of 54.0㎏/24m² (=7.42㎏/3.3m²) were input to the rectangular concrete loading tank (4m x 6m) and discharged for farming. They were grown to average 23.2g with high survival rate of 68.6% after 8 months. The finally produced total weight was 478.5㎏/24². The density per unit area was 65.8㎏/3.3m².