보고서 정보
주관연구기관 |
건국대학교 KonKuk University |
보고서유형 | 최종보고서 |
발행국가 | 대한민국 |
언어 |
한국어
|
발행년월 | 2003-07 |
과제시작연도 |
2002 |
주관부처 |
농림부 Ministry of Agriculture and Forestry |
등록번호 |
TRKO201400023730 |
과제고유번호 |
1380002395 |
사업명 |
농림기술개발 |
DB 구축일자 |
2014-11-14
|
초록
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○ 연구결과
- 해조류 중 갈조류 추출물인 BAIA-II와 BAIA-III는 독성이 없는 좋은 면역증강제로서 작용을 보이므로 면역기능성 동물사료 첨가제, 동물용 adjuvant, 면역약리 의약품 등에 이용가능성이 제시됨.
- 3종의 갈조류 즉, 감태, 다시마, 톳 및 감태부산물은 다양한 영양성분을 갖고 있으면서 수산물 중금속 잔류 허용량에 있어서 안전한 사료 원료로 사용할 수 있을 것으로 판단됨.
- 감태에서 추출한 면역기능성 물질은 여러 축종에 사용되고 있으며, 다양한 여러 가지 조건에서 가공특성을 조사한 결과에서
○ 연구결과
- 해조류 중 갈조류 추출물인 BAIA-II와 BAIA-III는 독성이 없는 좋은 면역증강제로서 작용을 보이므로 면역기능성 동물사료 첨가제, 동물용 adjuvant, 면역약리 의약품 등에 이용가능성이 제시됨.
- 3종의 갈조류 즉, 감태, 다시마, 톳 및 감태부산물은 다양한 영양성분을 갖고 있으면서 수산물 중금속 잔류 허용량에 있어서 안전한 사료 원료로 사용할 수 있을 것으로 판단됨.
- 감태에서 추출한 면역기능성 물질은 여러 축종에 사용되고 있으며, 다양한 여러 가지 조건에서 가공특성을 조사한 결과에서도 생산성이나 제조 품질에 큰 변화를 나타내지 않아 산업화의 가능성이 있을 것으로 판단됨.
- 감태, 감태부산물 및 감태에서 추출한 면역기능성 물질을 각각 육계, 산란계, 돼지 사료 내에 첨가하여 가축의 생산성 및 내병성에 미치는 영향을 조사한 결과 감태와 감태부산물은 안전하고 환경친화적이며 부존자원을 활용한 경제적인 원료로서 인정됨.
Abstract
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Ⅳ. Results
Brown algae grow abundantly along the coast of korean peninsular, of which some algae such as Kjellmaniella crassifolia and Hizikia fusiforme are used for human consumption, others such as Ecklonia cava kjellman are inedible and wasted. However, algae in general are known to have immun
Ⅳ. Results
Brown algae grow abundantly along the coast of korean peninsular, of which some algae such as Kjellmaniella crassifolia and Hizikia fusiforme are used for human consumption, others such as Ecklonia cava kjellman are inedible and wasted. However, algae in general are known to have immunoregulator substances such as lectins. The lectin has been reported by researchers to be a glycoprotein and to be able to protect a plant from bacteria, molds and some insects. Therefore, it is also called a defence molecule.
Therefore, the objectives of present studies were to investigate immunological characterizations of brown algae and their extracts and thus to utilize them for animal feeding as immunocompetent feed additives.
Ⅰ. Extraction of immunoagent from brown algae of sea weeds and the study of it's immune action
A large amount of research work have been done on physicochemical properties immunopharmacological mechanisms and functions of immunoregulator(lectins) of land plants. However, studies on those of marine algae lectins are very limited. Therefore, lectins were extracted from brown marine algae harvested from the coast of korean peninsular and their immunological actions were studied.
1. Among the crude immunoagents(BAIA-I) extracted from brown algaes (Hizikia fusiforme, Sargassum fulvellum, Ecklonia cava) of sea weeds, BAIA-I from Hizikia fusiforme had the highest immune effect on macrophages.
2. In the hemagglutination examination of BAIA-I, it had much higher lectin function at non-heating state than at heating state.
3. By means of electrophoresis, BAIA-II had broad molecular range of proteins. In reduced state of electrophoresis BAIA-III had two molecular weight proteins (32 kD and 33kD), but in non-reduced state it had 65kD protein.
4. All of BAIA-I, BAIA-II, and BAIA-III had the effect of agglutinin, Especially BAIA-III had the highest agglutinin action among them. Minimum dose of BAIA-III for the B type RBC agglutination was 2.5㎍㎖ RBC agglutination effect of BAIA-III was inhibited by galactose, N-acetylgalactoseamine, and mannose, suggesting that BAIA-III might be the galactose, N-acetylgalactoseamine, and mannose specific lectin.
5. All of BAIA-I, BAIA-II, and BAIA-III induced the macrophages to release tumor necrosis factor-α and Interleukin-1β, suggesting that all of them might be used as immunoagent.
6. Final refined extract from brown algae, BAIA-III induced the expression of tumor necrosis factor-α and interleukin-1β mRNA from macrophages, confirming induction effect on tumor necrosis factor-α and interleukin-1β from the macrophages.
7. BAIA-III activated the nacrophages to release Interleukin-1β and interleukin-6, suggesting that BAIA-III might be used as gut associated immunoagent.
8. BAIA-III had not both cytotoxic effect on splenocytes and inhibitory effect of body weight increment in mice
As results, BAIA-III extracted from brown algae of sea plants might be a lectin having immune function, suggesting that it might be used for the immune functional feed add and immunopharmaceutical drug for animals.
Ⅱ. Utilization of brown marine algae and their immunoregulator extract residues for animal feeding
Nutritional values of air-dried Ecklonia cava kjellman(EC) and immunoregulator extracted residues(IEEC) were evaluated by analyzing chemical compositions and determining the true metabolizable energy (TME), nitrogen corrected TME (TMEn) and true available amino acid (TAAA) contents. According to the chemical analysis, the EC contained on the average 10.29% of crude protein, 0.73% of ether extract, 34.41% of crude fiber, 27.23% of ash, 10.61% of NaCl and 54.82% of KOH solubility as fed basis. IEEC contained 13.83% of crude protein, 0.43% of ether extract, 10.85% of crude fiber, 16.87% of ash, 1.11% of NaCl and 23.4% of KOH solubility(as fed basis). The value of TME and TMEn for EC determined by force-feeding 24 roosters (ISA-Brown) were 1,849 kcal/kg and 1,577 kcal/kg, respectively. The average values of TME and TMEn for IEEC were 1,190 kcal/kg and 996 kcal/kg on dry matter basis, respectively.
The average TAAA values of 13 amino acids for EC and IEEC measured by the force-feeding technique were 31.99% and 11.72%, respectively. EC contained 99.6 mg/kg of vitamin E, 56.3 mg/kg of vitamin B2, 7,658 mg/kg of Mg and 2.0 mg/kg of Cd. Cr was not detected. These values were used for formulating experimental diets containing various levels of EC and IEEC for broiler chicks and laying hens.
Ⅲ. Effects of dietary brown marine algae and their extracts on immunocompetences and performances in monogastric animals.
The first experiment was conducted to examine the effects of dietary EC on the growth performance, relative organ weight, meat quality and mortality after Salmonella challenge at 37 day of age in broiler chicks fed four different diets containing 0, 0.1, 1.0 and 3.0% EC for 4 weeks. A total of two hundreds twenty-five 1 day old male broiler chicks (Ross) were randomly divided into 4 groups of 20 birds each. The inclusion of EC into broiler chick diets at 1.0 and 3.0% level significantly (P<0.05) improved daily feed consumption. Daily weight gains were significantly (P<0.05) improved at all the treatment levels of dietary EC. The inclusions of EC into broiler chick diets did not affect the meat quality parameters (cooking loss, shear force value, meat color, flavour, taste, tenderness and juiciness), relative organ weight, and mortality after Salmonella challenge. None of the meat quality parameters and relative organ weights in broiler chicks examined were affected by the EC inclusion indicating that EC can be added into broiler feed up to 3% without any adverse effect, if its nutritional values are well evaluated prior to use.
The second experiment was carried out to assess the effects of IEEC inclusion into laying hen (Hy-Line Brown variety) diet on laying performances, egg quality, blood parameters of GOT, GPT and cholesterol, relative organ weights, and TNF-α and mortality after Salmonella challenge at 39 day old.
A total of sixty-four 37 week old laying hens were divided randomly into 4 groups of 16 birds each and assigned to four experimental diets containing 0, 0.1, 1.0 and 3.0% IEEC for 4 weeks. The inclusion of IEEC into laying hen diets at 0.1 and 1.0% levels did not affect egg production rate, but the rate was significantly (P<0.05) decreased at 3.0% of IEEC diet. Egg weight tended to decrease slightly in laying hens fed IEEC compared to the control diet without significant difference but egg mass were significantly (P<0.05) decreased. The dietary incorporation of IEEC did not affect egg shell strength, egg shell thickness, Haugh unit, yolk color, total lipid and cholesterol contents and fatty acid profile in egg yolk.
Relative organ weights and mortality after Salmonella challenge for 39 day old laying hens were significantly (P<0.05) lowered by the supplementation of IEEC at 3.0% level. The concentrations of TNF-α in serum were rapidly increased in accordance with the level of IEEC. These results suggest that IEEC can be used as a feed additive for enhancement of immunocompetence and productivity without any adverse effects.
The third experiment was conducted to investigate dietary effects of immunoregulator extracts from brown algae(IEBA) on immunocompetences and performances in pigs. A total of 180 pigs(90 males, 90 females) with average body weight of 12.25 kg/pig were assigned to 3 treatments with 3 replicates of 20 pigs each. They were fed 0, 0.1, and 0.3% IEBA diets for 30 days and vaccinated against PRRS(porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome), APP(actinobacillus pleuropneumonai), AR(atrophic rhinitis) according to their dosage directions.
Significant differences were not observed in the average values of growth rate, feed intake and feed conversion rate among the treatments during the experimental period. Blood measurements of glucose, GOT, GPT, triglyceride, cholesterol, BUN, Ca and P were not significantly different among the treatments. However, examination of immunocompetence by blood test revealed that IL-1β was significantly activated at 0.3% IEBA group(P<0.05). The results indicate that IEBA can be utilized as a feed additi ve for immunocompetence in pigs.
목차 Contents
- 표지 ... 1
- 제출문 ... 2
- 요약문 ... 3
- SUMMARY ... 6
- CONTENTS ... 13
- 목차 ... 16
- List of Table ... 19
- List of Figure ... 22
- 제 1 장 연구개발의 목적과 필요성 ... 25
- 제 1 절 연구개발의 목적 ... 25
- 제 2 절 연구개발의 필요성 ... 25
- 제 3 절 연구개발의 내용과 범위 ... 27
- 1. 해조류 중 갈조류로부터 면역기능성 물질의 추출 및 면역활성 연구 ... 27
- 2. 해조류 중 갈조류, 면역기능성 추출부산물 및 면역기능성 추출물질 첨가 사료의 제조 및 산업화 연구 ... 27
- 3. 해조류 중 갈조류, 감태부산물 및 면역기능성 추출물질 첨가 사료의 가축 생산성 및 내병성 연구 ... 28
- 제 2 장 해조류 중 갈조류로부터 면역기능성 물질의 추출 및 면역활성 연구 ... 30
- 제 1 절 서 론 ... 30
- 제 2 절 해조류 중 갈조류로부터 면역기능성 물질의 분리 조건 확립과 1차 기능성물질(BAIA-I) 분리와 면역활성 검사 ... 32
- 1. 재료 및 방법 ... 32
- 2. 결과 및 고찰 ... 36
- 제 3 절 해조류 중 갈조류로부터 면역활성 기능성 물질의 부분정제(BAIA-II) 및 면역 활성효과 검사 ... 43
- 1. 재료 및 방법 ... 43
- 2. 결과 및 고찰 ... 49
- 제 4 절 해조류 중 갈조류로부터 부분정제된 기능성물질 중 면역효과가 탁월한 물질(BAIA-III) 분리와 정제, 화학적 동정 ... 54
- 1. 재료 및 방법 ... 54
- 2. 결과 및 고찰 ... 62
- 제 5 절 적 요 ... 73
- 제 6 절 참고문헌 ... 75
- 제 3 장 해조류 중 갈조류 및 면역기능성 추출부산물의 첨가사료의 제조 산업화 연구 ... 79
- 제 1 절 해조류 중 갈조류의 영양적 가치에 관한 연구 ... 79
- 1. 서 론 ... 79
- 2. 재료 및 방법 ... 81
- 3. 결과 및 고찰 ... 86
- 4. 적요 ... 99
- 5. 참고문헌 ... 100
- 제 2 절 감태부산물과 감태의 면역기능성 추출물질의 영양적 가치와 사료의 가공 특성 조사 ... 103
- 1. 서론 ... 103
- 2. 재료 및 방법 ... 105
- 3. 결과 및 고찰 ... 111
- 4. 적요 ... 127
- 5. 참고문헌 ... 128
- 제 4 장 해조류 중 갈조류 및 면역기능성물질 첨가사료의 가축 내병성 및 생산성 연구 ... 130
- 제 1 절 감태의 사료 내 첨가가 육계의 생산성 및 내병성에 미치는 영향 ... 130
- 1. 서 론 ... 130
- 2. 재료 및 방법 ... 133
- 3. 결과 및 고찰 ... 138
- 4. 적요 ... 145
- 5. 참고문헌 ... 146
- 제 2 절 감태 부산물의 사료 내 첨가가 산란계의 생산성 및 내병성에 미치는 영향 ... 149
- 1. 서 론 ... 149
- 2. 재료 및 방법 ... 150
- 3. 결과 및 고찰 ... 156
- 4. 적요 ... 166
- 5. 참고문헌 ... 167
- 제 3 절 면역기능성 추출물질의 사료 내 첨가가 돼지의 생산성 및 내병성에 미치는 영향 ... 170
- 1. 서 론 ... 170
- 2. 재료 및 방법 ... 171
- 3. 결과 및 고찰 ... 178
- 4. 적요 ... 186
- 5. 참고문헌 ... 188
- 끝페이지 ... 189
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