초록 ▼

○ 연구결과
- 당뇨ㆍ아토피 억제효과가 큰 기능성 쌀 품종 육성(3품종)
: 슈퍼자미벼, 큰눈자미벼, 대립자미벼
- 육성계통의 종실내 미량원소, 성분함량 등 품질특성 검증 및 도열병 저항성 유전자 탐색
- 유색미 유전자원의 도열병 저항성 유전자 탐색
- 유색미 추출분획 제조-실리카겔 컬럼, 활성성분의 분리-리사이클HPLC, prep-HPLC
- 육성품종 추출물의 항산화능 검정-DPPH법, 육성품종 추출물에 대한 여성호르몬 에스트로겐 유사효과 검정-RT-PCR
- 육성품종 함유 억제성 신경전달물질

○ 연구결과
- 당뇨ㆍ아토피 억제효과가 큰 기능성 쌀 품종 육성(3품종)
: 슈퍼자미벼, 큰눈자미벼, 대립자미벼
- 육성계통의 종실내 미량원소, 성분함량 등 품질특성 검증 및 도열병 저항성 유전자 탐색
- 유색미 유전자원의 도열병 저항성 유전자 탐색
- 유색미 추출분획 제조-실리카겔 컬럼, 활성성분의 분리-리사이클HPLC, prep-HPLC
- 육성품종 추출물의 항산화능 검정-DPPH법, 육성품종 추출물에 대한 여성호르몬 에스트로겐 유사효과 검정-RT-PCR
- 육성품종 함유 억제성 신경전달물질(GABA) 정량 분석법 개발-GC/MS 이용
- 슈퍼자미벼 추출물의 암세포 사멸효과 검증, 에스트로겐 유사효과 검정 및 항아토피 관련 활성 탐색
- 버섯균, 유산균, 효모를 이용한 발효균주벌 미강발효물 생산
- 미강발효물의 면역/항암능 측정을 통한 최적 발효물 선발과 면역활성능 규명(in vitro/in vivo) 및 항암능 규명(in vivo)
- 미강 유래 상업용 소재와의 기능성 비교 활성 검증(면역활성)과 활성성분 변화 분석을 통한 개발소재의 안정성 분석
- 특수미 미강 발효소재의 면역증진 및 항암활성의 in vivo 검증과 항염증 기능 검증
- 미강 발효 소재를 이용한 기능성 제품 개발(정제 및 분말, 과립)
- 신규 품종 개량벼(슈퍼자미벼)의 생리활성 검정

Abstract ▼

Ⅳ. Results and Suggestions
Rice is the principal cereal in Asia, some countries in Africa, and Latin America. With growing concerns regarding national health and the expanding markets of health food, diverse agricultural crops or residues are attractive sources of bioactive compounds. Colored ric

Ⅳ. Results and Suggestions
Rice is the principal cereal in Asia, some countries in Africa, and Latin America. With growing concerns regarding national health and the expanding markets of health food, diverse agricultural crops or residues are attractive sources of bioactive compounds. Colored rice is broadly known as an enriched rice with improved organoleptic properties. Our research group bred several rice cultivars which containing high anthocyanin. Among them, C3GHi was selected for the phytochemical investigation.
In relation to the four varieties of colored rice, analyse swere made of the oil content, the fatty acid composition, the protein content, the amino acid component and the pigmentary characteristics of testae. The followings show the results in summary.
In the case of Superjami having a high content of cyanidin-3-glucoside(C3G), it had a low content of oil but had a high content of protein. In particular, it had a higher content of oleic acid(C18:1) and linolenic acid(C18:3) in comparison with other varieties that had the high content of C3 G. Four varieties of colored rice were similar in the essential amino acid content(35.48–36.15%); especially, Superjami was high in serine, valine, isoleucine, leucine, phenylalanine and lysine. The four varieties had the highest content of glutamic acid but the lowest content of methionine. The C3G content in Superjami was at least 10 times higher than that in Heugjinjubyeo. Actually, the content per 100gram indicated 2,840mg and 2,655mg in 2008 and 2009 respectively. The C3G content in the varieties reached the peak 15 to 20 days after pollination, but later it increased gently. In the case of Superjami having a high content of C3G, the testa on the opposite of the gemmule, i.e., the aleurone layer, was thicker than that in the direction of the gemmule, as compared toother varieties.
‘Daerip jami’, a new large-grain and blackish purple pigmented rice cultivar, was derived from a cross between Geomjeongbyeo having a high C3G(cyaniding 3-glucoside) content and Daeribbyeo 1 having a very large grain and good popping quality in 2002 and was selected by means of a pedigree breeding. The pedigree of ‘Daerip jami’, KNOU 4 designated in 2008 was SR28755-44-2-10-1-2-1. It has about 80.5cm in culmlength and 87 spikelets per panicle. The 1,000-brown rice weight is 27.9g, 1.6 times heavier than that of Heugjinjubyeo and C3G conten to f‘Daeripjami’ is 3.6 times higher compared with that of Heujinjubyeo.
The yield potential of 'Daeripjami' is about 4.5MT/ha in brown rice at standard fertilizer application level in middle plain.
'Keunnunjami', a new blackish purple pigmented rice cultivar with giant embryo, is a mid-maturing ecotype developed by rice breeding team at Korean National Open University.
This variety was derived from three-way cross between Heugjinjubyeo/Suweon 425//EM76 in 2002 and selected by pedigree breeding method until F₇ generation. The heading date of this variety is August 13and 17 days later than that of Heugjinjubyeo in middle plain areas. 'Keunnunjami 'has 87.1 cm of culm height and 114 spikelets per panicle. Grai weight of 1,000-brown rice of this variety is lighter than of Heugjinjubyeo. However embryo weight is 2.82 times heavier than that of heugjinjubyeo on the single grain base.
C3G(Cyanidin3-glucoside)content of 'Keunnunjami' is 2 times higher compared with that of Heugjinjubyeo. The brown rice yield of 'Keunnunjami 'was about 4.10MT/ha at ordinary fertilizer level.
Three phenolic compounds were isolated from the butanol fraction. Their structure were elucidated as quercetin, protocatechuic acid, and vanillic acid. The analgesic activity of them werer evealed. Thus we measured their degranulation-inhibitory effects against RBL-2H3 cells induced by the IgE-antigen complex. Among them, protocatechuic acid potently inhibited the degranulatin of RBL-2H 3 cells. However C3G showed the weak inhibition compared to those of the others. Mast cell play a key role inimmediate-type allergic reactions through the release of numerous mediators and cytokines. TNF-α is a key mediator in many cytokine-dependent inflammatory events. TNF-α is released in allergic responses from both mast cells and macrophages via IgE-dependent mechanism. It has been well known that TNF-α induces chemotaxis of neutrophils and T-cells, enhances cytotoxicity of macrophages, and stimulates the expression of adhesion molecules from endothelial cells. Many reviews indicated that TNF-α released from mast cell is responsible for eosinophil survival through partial inhibition of apoptosis, there by contributes to chronic inflammation. In this regard, our results suggest that protocatechuic acid and vanillic acid could affect the acute allergic reaction as well as chronic inflammation through the regulation of cytokines gene expression in the mast cell.
Black colored rice varieties contained large amount of phenolic compounds. Based on the backgrounds, anti-inflammatory activities of colored rice cultivars were determined as the major parameter for physiological functionality for health. Anti-inflammatory activities of the pigmented rices were assessed using RBL-2H3 cells. The results showed that the pigmented rices inhibited the secretion of histamine and β-hexosaminidase significantly as compared to theose of the non-pigmented rice. Inaddition, the pigmented rice inhibited the generation of proinflammatory cytokines including IL-1β and IL-6 in transcriptional level more effectively than the non-pigmented rice did. To understand the antiallergic mechanism of colored rice cultivars, their inhibitory effects in the protein expressions of proinflammatory cytokine TNF-α and IgE switching cytokine IL-4 in RBL-2H3 cells induced by IgE-antigen complex were measured using an ELISA assay. Tested rice extracts at a concentration of 50ppm were found to inhibit the expressions of TNF-α and IL-4 by 50%, respectively. Finally, these findings suggest that colored rice and its main constituents may improve the IgE-induced anaphylaxis and scratching be haviors.
Phytoestrogenic effects of colored rice varieties were investigated. Heugjinjubyeo, Suwon 425, Superjami, Keunnunjami, and chuchungbyeo as a positive control were tested. Aquous ethanol extracts of tested rice varieties were found to stimulate cell proliferation of MCF-7 cells by 70%. Beside cell proliferation, increased pS2 and c-랜 levels were observed after exposure of the cells to rice extracts. The progesterone receptor(PR) is an intracellular steroid receptor that specifically binds progesterone. Estrogen is necessary to induce the progesterone receptors. In this study, PR was increased by the tested rice extracts.
However the quantity of ER-α was noti ncreased by the tested rice extracts. Although the exact mechanism and key compounds are not clear, colored rice improves the status of sex hormones, especially estrogen. These effects might reduce the risk of breast cancer and cardiovascular diseases in postmenopausal women.
C3GHi, a novel black rice variety developed by conventional breeding has more high contents of cyanidine-3-glucoside(C3G) and a more strong antioxidant than normal black rice. we investigate the antioxidative potential and andti-diabetic activity of C3GHi and extract of it for the purpose of development of functional materials or replacemen meal for diabetic patients. Using in vitro antioxidative activity assay system such ac DPPH radical quenching assay, superoxide anion radical scavenging assay, inhibition of lipid peroxidation and DNA breakage assay, C3GHi extract was observed to have more high antioxidative activity than normal black rice breed. The glycemic index of a freeze dried powder of C3GHi brown rice showed 43.7±18.8, which belonged to low GI food(GI of 55 or less).
Using in vivo diabetic model such as db/db mice model and streptozotocin-induced diabetic model, C3GHi rice extract decrease blood glucose level and inhibit oxidative stressinblood.
From the results, we think that the C3GHi varieties have a potential for the functional materials or ingredient of meal replacement for diabetic pateients.
Rice bran is by-products from the dehulling process of rice, an important food resource in Korea. Various studies have been reported immune-enhancing effects of rice bran cultured with Lentinus edodes. In particular black rice bran that contains anthocyaninhs the beneficial effects on immune system. C3GHi, a recently released black colored rice cultivar, has higher contents of cyanidine-3-glucoside(C3G), a strong antioxidant than those of currently cultivated black rice cultivars. Using in vivo and in vitro model for inflammation and allgergy, anti-inflammatory and anti-allergic effects of C3G-F were determined. C3G-F induced tumor suppressive effect on Sarcoma-180 cell and B16 melanoma cell injected to mice. These results suggest that the capacity of C3G-F seems to act as a potent immunomodulator and with the absence of notable side-effects, C3G-F could be used as a novel functional food ingredient having possible therapeutic effects against immunological disorders. we also investigate the possible immune-enhancing effects of black rice bran substance extracted from a submerged culture of Lentinus edodes with black rice bran(crude fermentation-polysaccharice, CFP) and products(crude fermentation-polysacchar-id-S.cerevisiae CFP-S, crude fermentation-polysacchride-L.gasseri, CFP-L) which are of secondary fermentation of by using Saccharomyces cerevisiae and lactobacillus gasseri in the Blab/c male mice. We found that supplementation of CFP, CFP-S and CFP-L enhanced macrophage and splennocyte proliferation compared to the control group(NC) in mice. Also, we measured the concentration of cytokines (IFN-γ, TNF-α,IL-6) secreted by activated macrophage and splenocyte proliferation compared to the control group but supplementation of CFP-L decreased the splenoyte proliferation compared to the control group(without mitogen and treated with LPS). When macrophage and splenocyte were stimulated by CFP and CFP-S supplementation, it was increased IFN-γ, TNF-α and IL-6 concentration compared with the control group. These results suggest that the capacity of CFP and CFP-S seem to act as a potent immune modulator causing augmentation of immune cell activity, and enhance the immue function through regulating cytokine production capacity by activated macrophage and splenocyte in mice.
Ⅴ. Conclusions and Utilization
○ Protection for world's best level of anthocyanin containg rice cultivar and advanced step to breeding of new multi-functional black colored rice.
○ Enlarge the culture land and income of farmers derived from new demanding.
○ Technical cooperation with developed country by using genetic resources which is new functional varieties.
○ Assessment of food safety and insecurity of the fermented irc bran and related funcitonal products.
○ Prepare for basis to breed personalized functional varieties by identified biological active substances in rice.
○ Make new demand caused by commercialized functional substances