초록 ▼

Ⅳ. 연구개발결과
온실 설치 장소의 지반 조사 결과를 토대로 직경 150mm, 길이 10m인 나무말뚝의 허용 인발 저항력과 압축저항력을 계산한 결과 모두 30.645kN이었으며, 온실 기초에 작용하는 최대 인발력(20.435kN)과 압축력(17.206kN)을 견디기에 충분한 것으로 판단되었다.
온실을 설치하는 과정에서 발생한 세 가지 문제점 및 개선방안은 다음과 같다. 첫째, 나무말뚝이 곧지 않기 때문에 항타 시 말뚝의 위치가 이동하고 비틀림이 발생하며 부러지는 현상이 발생하였다. 지하 5m까지는 말뚝을 잡고 있는 백호(

Ⅳ. 연구개발결과
온실 설치 장소의 지반 조사 결과를 토대로 직경 150mm, 길이 10m인 나무말뚝의 허용 인발 저항력과 압축저항력을 계산한 결과 모두 30.645kN이었으며, 온실 기초에 작용하는 최대 인발력(20.435kN)과 압축력(17.206kN)을 견디기에 충분한 것으로 판단되었다.
온실을 설치하는 과정에서 발생한 세 가지 문제점 및 개선방안은 다음과 같다. 첫째, 나무말뚝이 곧지 않기 때문에 항타 시 말뚝의 위치가 이동하고 비틀림이 발생하며 부러지는 현상이 발생하였다. 지하 5m까지는 말뚝을 잡고 있는 백호(0.2) 회전집게로 원하는 방향으로 밀어 고정해 가면서 항타를 진행하며 초기 2m까지 약한 진동압력으로 타격을 가하면 말뚝의 부러짐을 방지할 수 있었다. 둘째, 지하수위까지 박힌 나무말뚝과 플라스틱 온실 기둥 사이에는 콘크리트 독립기초가 있는데, 나무말뚝을 독립기초 위치에 정확히 타입하기 어렵기 때문에 기둥 고정용 베이스 플레이트가 독립기초를 벗어나는 문제가 발생하였다. 이 문제를 해결하기 위해 독립기초 지름을 200mm에서 300mm로 변경하였다. 셋째, 보강대 및 브레싱을 설치하지 않은 상태에서 필름을 피복한 후 최대 11m․s-1의 강풍이 불어 온실 기둥이 기울어지는 현상이 발생하였다. 동절기 공사는 가급적 피하고 필름 피복작업은 반드시 골조공사가 완전하게 끝난 후에 실시하도록 한다. 온실 완공 후 9개월 동안 독립기초의 높이를 측량한 결과 측정 오차 범위 내에 들어서 침하가 없는 것으로 분석되었다. 골조 변형률 및 경사계 값도 큰 변화가 없는 것으로 조사되었다.
국내 간척지 지역에서 재배되고 있는 과채류 작물은 토마토와 파프리카이고 과수류에서는 포도 작물이었고 화훼류 작물은 다른 작물에 비해 재배면적이 매우 낮았다. 일본 이사하야 간척지에서는 주로 근채류, 딸기, 아스파라거스, 엽채소류 순이었고, 카호쿠가타 간척지는 수박과 양배추이였다. 네덜란드 경우는 원예작물 비율이 화훼류 48%, 토마토 23%, 감자 22% 순으로 나타나 각 나라 실정에 맞게 간척지를 이용하고 있었다.
용기크기에 따른 방울 토마토 생장 특성, 광합성 및 배곱썩음병에 대한 연구는 다음과 같았다. 초장, 엽면적 및 건물중은 용기 크기에 따라 영향을 미친다. 처리 후 1주부터는 가장 작은 용기에서 다른 처리구에 비해 초장이 현저하게 감소하였다. 엽면적, 과실 개수와 무게도 용기 크기에 작아질수록 현저하게 감소하였다. 정식 후 2주부터는 0.5리터에서 광합성률이 현저하게 감소한 반면에 가장 큰 용기인 10리터에서 정식 후 3주부터 광합성이 현저하게 증가하였다. 배꼽썩음병은 5리터와 10리터에서 발견되어 차후에 이런 부분에 대해서 연구가 필요할 것으로 사료된다.
토마토 정식 전 후 묘령에 따른 토마토의 생육의 특성, 수량, 광합성 및 항산화 효소 활성을 살펴보면 육묘 기간이 50일 (표준묘)보다 짧을수록 토마토 생장과 생육이 촉진된 반면에 육묘 일수가 길수록 생장과 생육이 감소하였다. 정식 후 4주는 묘령이 가장 짧은 40일묘에서 광합성량이 낮았지만 정식 후 8주는 차이를 보이지 않았다. CAT(Catalase), APX(Ascorbate peroxidase), POX(peroxidase) 들은 정식후 6주까지 증가하다가 8주부터 감소하였다. 정식후 4주는 SOD(Superoxide dismutase), CAT 활성은 묘령이 어릴수록 높은 경향을 보였고 반대로 정식 후 6주는 APX, POX는 육묘기간이 길수록 활성이 높았다. 토마토 수량도 표준묘와 비교해서 육묘 기간이 짧은 묘령에서 토마토 생산성이 높은 반면에 육묘기간이 길수록 생산이 감소하였다. 토마토의 생장과 수량의 관점에서 보면 육묘 기간은 40-50일 적합하다는 결과를 도출하였다. 따라서 토마토를 토경재배 할 경우 표준 묘령 50일보다 짧은 묘를 정식 후 생장과 생산성에서 유리할 뿐 아니라 육묘 시 발생되는 생산비의 절감에 유리할 것으로 사료된다.
간척지 비닐하우스 기상조건하에서 완숙토마토 품종 “마미리오”와 “대프니스”, 방울토마토 품종 “트레몰로”와 “발키리” 생육과 생산량 효과에 대한 기초자료를 얻고자 실험을 수행하였다. 간척지 지역에 설치된 비닐하우스 내 수경재배를 통해 재배한 결과는 완숙토마토 품종에서 마미리오 품종이 대프니스 품종보다 생장은 양호하지만 광합성량이 정식 후 3주와 4주에서 낮았다. 그러나 토마토 생산량은 오히려 마미리오 품종이 약간 높은 결과를 보였다. 방울토마토 품종에서 트레몰로 품종이 발키리 품종보다 생장, 광합성이 높은 반면에 생산량은 두 품종간에 비슷한 결과를 보였다. 간척지 비닐하우스 기상조건하에서 완숙과 방울토마토 두 품종씩 재배한 결과 품종 간의 약간의 수량의 차이는 있지만 간척지 계화도 지역에 4 품종 모두 실질적으로 재배 가능한 품종으로 사용해도 될 것으로 판단된다.

Abstract ▼

Upon setting up a dedicated plastic greenhouse for tomato cultivation developed by the Rural Development Administration on the Gyehwa reclaimed land, this study was aimed at analyzing the problems can be occurred in the installation of plastic greenhouse on reclaimed lands as well as finding out sol

Upon setting up a dedicated plastic greenhouse for tomato cultivation developed by the Rural Development Administration on the Gyehwa reclaimed land, this study was aimed at analyzing the problems can be occurred in the installation of plastic greenhouse on reclaimed lands as well as finding out solutions for improvement. A relatively cheaper wooden pile was used in the installation in order to supplement the soft ground conditions. Based on the results of ground investigation of the installation site, both the allowable bearing capacity and pulling resistance of the wooden pile with a diameter of 150 mm and a length of 10 m were computed and came out to be 30.645 kN. It was determined that the values were enough to withstand the maximum compressive force (17.206 kN) and the pullout force (20.435 kN) that are generally applied to the greenhouse footing.
There are three problems aroused in the process of greenhouse installation, and the corresponding countermeasures are as follow. First, due to the slightly bent shape of the wooden pile, there were phenomenon such as deviation, torsion, and fracture when driving the pile. This could be prevented by the use of the backhoe (0.2) rotating tongs, which are holding the pile, to drive the pile while pushing to the direction of the driving and fixing it until 5 m below ground and applying a soft vibrating pressure until the first 2 m. Second, there exists a concrete independent footing between the column of the greenhouse and the wooden pile driven to the underground water level. Since it is difficult to accurately drive the pile on this independent footing, the problem of footing baseplate used to fix the column being off the independent footing was occurred. In order to handle with this matter, the diameter of the independent footing was changed from 200 mm to 300 mm. Last, after films were covered in the condition that the reinforcing frame and bracing are not installed, there was a phenomenon of columns being pushed away by the strong wind to the maximum of 11 mㆍs^-1. It is encouraged to avoid constructions in winter, and the film covering jobs always to be done after the frame construction is completely over.
The height of the independent footing was measured for 9 months after the completion of the greenhouse installation, and it was found to be within the margin of error meaning that there was no subsidence. The extent to the framework distortion and the value of inclinometers as well showed not much alteration. In other words, the wooden pile was designed to have a sufficient bearing capacity.
The horticultural crop cultivated in the domestic reclaimed land, tomato and paprika in the fruit vegetable crops were mainly grown in the reclaimed land, grape in the pomology crop was cultivated. Flower crops was cultivated lower than other crops. In Japan, Isahaya reclaimed land was cultivated in the order of growning areas, root vegetable, strawberries, asparagus and leafty vegetables. The ratio of the horticultural crops in the Netherland was cultivated 48% flower crop, 23% tomato crop, 22% potato and each country such as Korea, Japan and Netherland was needed to fit for growing crops horticulture production in the reclaimed land.
The objective of the study was conducted to investigate the growth characteristics, photosynthetic rate and antioxidant activity of cherry tomato plants grown in four different container sizes. Tomato seeds of rootstock (cv. Fighting) and scion (cv. Unicon) were sown into the 50-cell plug trays. Twenty-four days after sowing, scions were grafted onto rootstocks. Three- month-old seedlings were transferred into four different container sizesε.5L, 1L, 5L, 10L) consisting of a commercial growing media. Plant height was measured from top of the potting mix to the tip of the growing point. Tomato plants were destructively sampled at 4 and 6 weeks after treatment. Leaf area was measured using a leaf area meter. Fruit number and fruit weight were measured. Photosynthetic rate was measured fully expanded leaf using a portable photosynthesis system (Li-Cor 6400). Plant height, leaf area and dry weight were significantly affected by container size. From 1 week onwards, plant height treated with plants grown into smallest container sizeε.5L) were significantly less than other treatments. Plant height significantly decreased 4 weeks after treatment when plants were grown into 1 L container size. Leaf area, fruit number and fruit weight were significantly decreased as volume of container size decreased. Photosynthetic rate was not affected by container size at week 1 after treatment. From 2 weeks onwards, 0.5 L container size treatment significantly reduced photosynthetic rate. The largest container size (10L) tended to increase photosynthetic rate at week 3 after treatment compared to other treatment. However, the occurrence of calcium deficiency was noticed when plants were grown into container sizes (5L and 10L). Further research will be needed to investigate the occurrence of calcium deficiency grown into large containers. Analysis of antioxidant activity is currently undertaken. The study can discuss about root container size on growth, photosynthetic rate and antioxidant activity of cherry tomato.
The objective of this study was carried out the effect of seedling age on plant growth characteristics, photosynthetic rate, antioxidant enzyme activity of tomato (Lycopersicon esculentum Mill.) grown greenhouse. 40, 45, 50, 55, and 60 day old seedlings from sowing to planting were planted in soil culture and grown greenhouse for ten weeks. Tomato growth and development of shorter seedling period than 50day old seedling was promoted, but plants with longer seedling period than 50 day old seedling were decreased. At week 4, photosynthetic rates were lowest in 40 day seedling age and there were no significant difference between treatments at week 8 after planting. Activities of antioxidant enzymes such as superoxide dismutase (SOD), catalase (CAT), ascorbate peroxidase (APX), and peroxidase (POX) were investigated. SOD activity was higher in 40 and 45 day seedlings compared to other seedlings at week 4 after planting. The highest CAT activity was investigated in 45 day seedlings at both 4 and 6 week after planting. At week 6 after planting, APX and POX was increased with increase of seedling ages from 50 to 60 days.
Tomato yield was significantly increased with decreasing seedling age from 50 to 40 day seedling age. Hence it is considered that the optimum seedling age for tomato plant growth and yield was 40 to 50 day seedlings. These results suggest that tomato plants with shorter seedling age than 50day seedling were promoted plant growth and productivity of tomato and then it would be reduced production costs under soil culture.
The objective of this experiment was to elucidate standard ad cherry tomato grown in the greenhouse under weather condition at reclaimed land. Tomato cultivars such as “Dafnis”, “Mamirio”, “Valkyrie”, “Tremolo” were grown in the greenhouse established at reclaimed land. Plant growth of the Mamirio cultivar such as tomato standard cultivar was more stimulated than Dafnis, but photosynthetic rate of the Dafnis cultivar was higher than Mamirio cultivar at 3 and 4 weeks after planting. Marketable yield was similar both Dafnis and Mamirio cultivars. Plant growth characteristic and photosynthetic rate of the Tremolo cultivar were higher than Valkyrie cultivar, but tomato production was not affected by cultivar. Standard and cherry tomato cultivars grown in the greenhouse at plastic house was marginally difference to show tomato yield therefore four tomato cultivars tend to grow in the greenhouse at reclaimed land.