[보고서]북반구 빙하기 이후 북태평양의 고기후 변화

북반구 빙하기 이후 북태평양의 고기후 변화
Paleoclimate Change in the North Pacific since the Northern Hemisphere Glaciation 원문보기

보고서 정보
주관연구기관	부산대학교 Busan National University
보고서유형	최종보고서
발행국가	대한민국
언어	한국어
발행년월	2015-03
과제시작연도	2014
주관부처	기상청 Korea Meteorological Administration(KMA)
등록번호	TRKO201500013486
과제고유번호	1365001939
사업명	기후변화 감시ㆍ예측 및 국가 정책 지원 강화
DB 구축일자	2015-08-15
키워드	북반구 빙하기.북태평양.베링해.고기후.고생산성.Northern Hemisphere Glaciation.North Pacific.Bering Sea.Paleoclimate.Paleoproductivity.
DOI	https://doi.org/10.23000/TRKO201500013486

초록 ▼

- IODP Expedition 323 Site U1343 퇴적물에서 저서성 유공충의 산소동위원소 값을 이용한 산소동위원소 층서 설정은 전지구적인 저서성 유공충의 산소동위원소 값 LR04와의 대비를 통하고, 생층서 및 고지자기 연대에 의해 확인하여 Site U1343 시추코아는 지난 2.4 백만년 동안의 연속적인 고해양학적 기록들을 지시
- 베링해의 생물기원 오팔 함량과 집적률로 대변되는 생산성은 따뜻한 환경에서 높았고 추운 환경에서 낮았으며, 빙하기와 간빙기의 생산성의 차이는 MPT 이전이 이후에 비해서 더 뚜렷하고 베링해의 생산성은 MPT 시작 시기 (1.25 백만년)에 41,000년의 주기에서 100,000년 우세주기로 변하는 것을 보여주며, MPT 동안의 한랭화는 MPT의 시작 시기 (1.25 백만년)와 중기 (약 0.9백만년)에 추워지는 두 시기로 특징됨
- 약 1.9 백만년 전에 Hole U1343E에서 나타나는 기후 변화는 전지구적인 오팔의 재분포와 관련이 있으며 이것은 베링해의 오팔 변화가 전구적인인 오팔의 재분포와 관련해서 이해되어야 한다는 것을 의미함
- 퇴적물의 질소동위원소와 규조류의 규소동위원소에 의한 규산염과 질산염의 이용은 MIS 7-15 동안에는 생물기원 오팔 생산성에 의해서 조절되며, 따뜻한 환경에서는 높은 생물기원 오팔 생산성과 함께 높은 이용률이 추운 환경에서는 낮은 생물기원 오팔 생산성과 함께 낮은 이용률이 나타났음

Abstract ▼

Ⅳ. Research Results
- An oxygen isotope stratigraphy at IODP Expedition 323 Site U1343 was established on the basis of benthic foraminiferal δ¹⁸O records from seven species of benthic foraminifera (E. batialis, U. bifurcata, G. pacifica, U. senticosa, P. wuellerstorfi, N. labradorica , and Cibicidoides spp.).
- The benthic δ¹⁸O stratigraphy at Site U1343 was constructed by correlating our composite benthic δ¹⁸O record with the global benthic δ¹⁸O stack LR04, which broadly converges with age models provided by biostratigraphy and paleomagnetism, suggesting that these methods are generally reliable for constraining the long-term ages.
- According to our composite benthic δ¹⁸O age model (independent from other age markers), the sedimentary record at Site U1343 contains a continuous paleoceanographic information of the last 2.4 Myrs.
- Export production as represented by biogenic opal content and MAR in the Bering Sea was high during warm conditions and low during cold conditions. Export production differences between interglacial and glacial periods were much more distinct and of higher amplitude before the MPT than after the MPT.
- Export production records in the Bering Sea clearly show a shift of dominant cycles from 41-ka to 100-ka at the beginning of the MPT (1.25 Ma).
- The cooling transition during the MPT was characterized by two cooling periods; one at the beginning of the MPT (1.25 Ma) and a second period in the middle of the MPT (~0.9 Ma).
- The change in biogenic opal accumulation rates at Site U1343 showed 100 ky cycles, however, that at Site U1341 did not show such a cyclicity.
- Site U1343 was greater affected by sea-ice cover than at Site U1341 because that the former is located farther north where is more susceptible to sea-ice formation than the latter.
- Diatom productivity shows clear orbital-scale variations, being high during the interglacial periods and low during the glacial periods.
- High diatom productivity occurred with high nutrient utilization under increased nutrient supply by enhanced surface current system during the interglacial periods. In contrast, diatom productivity during glacial intervals was depressed with decreased nutrient utilization, possibly due to extensive sea-ice.
- The climatic shift at 1.9 Ma at Hole U1343E seems to be related to global opal reorganization, highlighting that the opal shift in the Bering Sea needs to be understood in the context of the global opal reorganization.
- Bulk δ¹⁵N and δ³⁰Sidiatom are a good indicator of nitrate and silicic acid utilization, since they are mostly dependent on nitrate and silicic acid utilization, respectively.
- Silicic acid and nitrate utilizations are controlled by the degree of biogenic opal productivity during MIS 7-15: high utilization with high biogenic opal productivity under open sea conditions during warm periods, and low utilization with low biogenic opal productivity under sea-ice conditions during cold periods.
- Decoupling of nutrient utilization and biogenic opal productivity occurred during the MIS 6 due to strong stratification of water column.
- Variation patterns of nitrate and silicic acid utilizations became decoupled since MIS 5, most likely due to changes in Fe availability: high silicic acid utilization with low nitrate utilization during MIS 1 and 5 under HNLC conditions, with the opposite occurring during MIS 2-4 with increased Fe availability.

목차 Contents

표지 ... 1
제 출 문 ... 2
보고서 요약서 ... 3
요 약 문 ... 4
SUMMARY ... 7
CONTENTS ... 10
목차 ... 11
제 1 장 연구개발과제의 개요 ... 12
제 2 장 국내외 기술개발 현황 ... 15
제 3 장 연구개발수행 내용 및 결과 ... 17
제 1 절 Orbital-scale benthic foraminiferal oxygen isotope stratigraphy at the northern Bering Sea Slope Site U1343 (IODP Expedition 323) and its Pleistocene paleoceanographic significance ... 17
제 2 절 Biogenic opal production changes during the Mid-Pleistocene Transition in the Bering Sea (IODP Expedition 323 Site U1343) ... 45
제 3 절 Changes in biogenic opal productivity with Milankovitch cycles during the last 1.3 Myrs at IODP Expedition 323 Sites U1341, U1343, and U1345 in the Bering Sea ... 58
제 4 절 Late Pliocene to early Pleistocene (2.4-1.25 Ma) paleoproductivity changes in the Bering Sea: IODP Expedition 323 Hole U1343E ... 73
제 5 절 Silicon and nitrogen cycling in response to biogenic opal productivity during the last 600 ka in the Bering Sea (IODP Exp. 323 Site U1343) ... 88
제 4 장 목표달성도 및 관련분야에의 기여도 ... 102
제 5 장 연구개발결과의 활용계획 ... 129
제 6 장 연구개발과정에서 수집한 해외과학기술정보 ... 134
제 7 장 연구시설▪장비 현황 ... 139
제 8 장 참고문헌 ... 140
끝페이지 ... 159

표/그림 (33)

표 Species-specific offsets of δ18O values to E. batialis at Site U1343, their Δδ 18Owater-calcite, and their previously published Δδ18Owater-calcite (Basak et al., 2009; Fontanier et al, 2008; McCorkle et al., 1997). Note that Δδ18Owater-calcite at Site U1343 was estimated on the basis of the modern Δδ18Owater-calcite of G. pacifica in the Aleutian Basin
표 Map showing (a) the location of IODP Expedition 323 Site U1343 and other drilled sites, the modern sea-ice edge in February (Cavalieri et al., 1996), and surface water circulation, and (b) cross section of the passages along the Aleutian Islands. Numbers in parenthesis are the model-calculated volume flux of northward (positive) and southward (negative) flow at each passage (Kinney and Maslowski, 2012). BSC: the Bering Slope Current, AS: the Alaskan Stream, SC: the subarctic current. Note that corresponding numbers (1) to (7) in both map and cross section indicate the location of major passages between the Bering Sea and the North Pacific.
표 Correlation of the species-specific δ18O offset between the six species of benthic foraminfera and Elphidium batialis at Site U1343.
표 Plots of seven benthic foraminiferal δ18O records at Site U1343 against sediment depth. Note that panel (a) shows actual measured δ18O values, whilst panel (b) shows δ18O records after a species-specific correction was applied (derived from Fig. 2).
표 Depth-age plot showing the orbital-scale oxygen isotope stratigraphy (black line) with biostratigraphic and paleomagnetic datums
표 Blackman-Tukey spectra of (a) δ18O, (b) GRA, (c) NGR, and (d) MS in different time windows (all time intervals, 0-0.8 Ma, 0.8-1.2 Ma, and 1.2-2.4 Ma) at Site U1343. Note that error bars are estimated with 80% confidence level.
표 Continuous wavelet transform of (a) LR04, (b) δ18O, and (c) their coherency (contours) and phase angle (arrows) at Site U1343. Note that thick black line contours represent 90% confidence level by assuming the red noise as background spectrum.
표 Band-pass filtered variability of LR04 and δ18O, GRA, NGR, and MS at Site U1343, in different time domains (a) 100-kyr and (b) 41 kyr.
표 Continuous wavelet transform of (a) GRA, (b) NGR, and (c) MS at Site U1343. Note that black line contours represent 90% confidence level by assuming the red noise (thick black line) and the white noise (dashed black line) as their background spectrum.
표 Cross wavelet coherencies (contours) and phase angles (arrows) of (a) GRA, (b) NGR, and (c) MS to δ18O at Site U1343. Note that upward direction of arrows indicate subjected data are in phase, whereas downward direction indicates out of phase.
표 Coherencies (dotted line) and time differences (bar) between δ18O and the physical properties (GRA, NGR and MS) at eccentricity (100-kyr) and obliquity (41-kyr) domain in the arbitrary time at Site U1343. Dash lines in coherency columns represent 80, 90, 95, 99% confident level, respectively. Note that time differences are only calculated when coherencies exceeded 80% confidence level.
표 Detailed comparison of the oxygen isotope stratigraphy (a and d) with the physical properties (MS: b and f; NGR: c and g; and GRA: d and h) during 0-1.2 Ma (a-d) and 1.2-2.4 Ma (e-h).
표 Schematic bathymetry of the Bering Sea and the subarctic North Pacific, illustrating the drilling locations including Site U1343. Arrows show the direction of major surface currents. The Bering Slope Current is labeled as BSC.
표 Age model for Site U1343 (adopted from Asahi et al., 2011). Circles and squares represent biostratigraphy and isochron ages summarized in Table 1
표 (a) Downcore profile of biogenic opal content and normalized variance of biogenic opal content computed in 200-ka windows with a number of lags equal to half the time series length (1/2 lags) at Site U1343, (b) continuous wavelet transform of normalized biogenic opal content at Site U1343, (c) continuous wavelet transform of the detrended LR-04 stack, and (d) downcore profile of the relative abundance of sea-ice diatoms and Neodenticula seminae at Site U1343 (modified from Teraishi et al., in press). Redder colors represent stronger cycles and solid lines indicate the 95% confidence levels in (b) and (c).
표 (a) LR-04 stack (Lisiecki and Raymo, 2005), (b) natural gamma ray (NGR) of Site U1343, (c) biogenic opal MAR and linear sedimentation rate (LSR) of Site U1343, (d) biogenic opal MAR of Site 882 in the northwestern Pacific (Haug et al., 1995) and Site 887 in the northeastern North Pacific (Rea and Snoeckx, 1995), and (e) biogenic opal MAR of Sites 885/886 in the central North Pacific
표 Locations of IODP Expedition Sites U1341, U1343, and U1345 in the Bering Sea. The light gray area represents the exposed land to the atmosphere during the glacials when the sea level dropped -100 m relative the present.
표 The age models at Sites U1341, U1343, and U1345 during the last 1.3 My.
표 (a) Changes in %biogenic opal at Sites U1341, U1343, and U1345, and δ18O LR04 stack (Lisiecki and Raymo, 2005) during the last 600 kyrs. (b) Changes in %biogenic opal at Sites U1341, U1343, and U1345, and δ18O LR04 stack (Lisiecki and Raymo, 2005) between 1300 ky and 600 ky.
표 Changes in biogenic opal accumulation rates at Sites U1341, U1343, and U1345 during the last 1.3 My.
표 Spectrum analysis of biogenic opal at Site U1341, U1343, and U1345 during last 1.3Myrs.
표 (a) Changes in color reflectance (b*) and bulk density at Sites U1341, U1343, and U1345 (Takahashi et al., 2011b). (b) Changes in NGR and MS at Sites U1341, U1343, and U1345
표 Changes in sea-ice diatoms (%) at Sites U1341, U1343, and U1345 (Takahashi et al., 2011b). Past surface currents and sea-ice cover in the southern Bering Sea during the last glacial maximum (LGM) are adopted from Katsuki and Takahashi (2005).
표 Schematic bathymetry of the Bering Sea including the location of Hole U1343E. Arrows show the direction of major surface currents (BSC: Bering Slope Current, ANSC: Aleutian North Slope Current, KC: Kamchatka Current, AC: Anadyr Current, ACC: Alaska Coastal Current). KS: Kamchatka Strait, NS: Near Strait, BP: Buldir Pass, AP: Amutka Pass, UP: Unimak Pass. The thick dashed line represents glacial coastline and the thin dashed line represents seasonal sea-ice coverage during the last glacial period
표 An age model for Hole U1343E. The solid line marked by open circles represents oxygen isotopic stratigraphy of benthic foraminifera (Asahi et al., in press), and open squares represent biostratigraphic datums reported in Takahashi et al. (2011).
표 Down-core profiles of (a) CaCO3 concentration, (b) biogenic opal concentration, (c) NGR (Natural Gamma Ray), (d) TOC concentration, (e) C/N ratio, and (f) sedimentary δ15N of Hole U1343E. The shaded bars represent interglacial periods.
$(a) 11-point (~9 kyr) sliding correlation between biogenic opal concentration and δ15N values, and (b) estimated fractions of terrestrial organic matter by sedimentary δ15N (blue line) and by molar C/N ratio (green line) at Hole U1343E.$ 표 (a) 11-point (~9 kyr) sliding correlation between biogenic opal concentration and δ15N values, and (b) estimated fractions of terrestrial organic matter by sedimentary δ15N (blue line) and by molar C/N ratio (green line) at Hole U1343E.
표 Down-core profiles of (a) CaCO3 MAR, (b) TOC MAR, (c) biogenic opal MAR (green line) with sedimentary δ15N (black dashed line), (d) temperate diatom species of Hole U1343E (Teraishi et al., in press), (e) excess opal MAR of Site U1341 in the southern Bering Sea (M?rz et al., 2013), and (f) biogenic opal MAR (green line, Haug et al., 1995) and sedimentary δ15N (black dashed line, Reynolds et al., 2008) at Site 882 in the northwestern Pacific.
표 Locations of Site U1343 and cores referred in this study and annual surface water silicate and nitrate concentrations (unit in μM) (source from Garcia et al. [2010]). BSC: Bering Slope Current, ANSC: Aleutian North Slope Current. 1: GGC-27, 2: MD97-2101, 3: MD88-769, 4: E50-11, and 5: RC13-259. Detailed core information is summarized in Table 1.
표 Age correlation of benthic foraminifera oxygen isotopes of the study interval (0-160 m CCSF) for Site U1343 [Asahi et al., in press] with LR-04 stack [Lisiecki and Raymo, 2005]. Symbols represent biostratigraphic datums: circle - Lychnocanoma nipponica sakaii last occurrence (LO), star - Spongodiscus sp. LO, square - Axoprunum acquilonium LO, and triangle - Proboscia curvirostris LO
표 (a) LR-04 δ18O stack [Lisiecki and Raymo, 2005], downcore profiles of (b) diatom δ30Si (δ30Siopal) values, (c) bulk δ15N values, and (d) biogenic opal content [Kim et al., 2014] at Site U1343. Vertical shaded intervals represent glacial periods and the number at the top indicates Marine Isotope Stage (MIS).
표 Comparison between δ15N values of bulk sediments (green line) and δ15Ndb values (purple line) at Site U1343.
표 Downcore profiles of bulk δ15N values at (a) Site U1343, (b) core PC24A in the northern slope of the Bering Sea [Kim et al., 2011], (c) core JPC17 in the southern Bering Sea [Brunelle et al., 2007], (d) core GGC27 in the Okhotsk Sea [Brunelle et al., 2010], and (e) core PC13 in the northwestern subarctic Pacific [Brunelle et al., 2010] over the last 200 ka. Vertical shaded intervals represent glacial periods and the numbers at the top indicate MIS (marine isotope stage).

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연합인증

북반구 빙하기 이후 북태평양의 고기후 변화
Paleoclimate Change in the North Pacific since the Northern Hemisphere Glaciation 원문보기