초록 ▼

Ⅳ. 연구개발결과
○ 토양조성과 재식 방법에 따른 블루베리 생육 특성 구명
- 수량은 수관면적과 뿌리 및 가지건물중이, 당함량과 과중은 엽 건물중이 상관을 나타냄
- 재식밀도는 수체생장 및 과실특성에 영향을 나타내지 않았음
- 이랑이 넓을수록 수관면적, 뿌리생장, 당함량 그리고 수량이 높았음
- 이랑이 넓을수록 건물중과 과실생산량이 높았으며, 한계 유의넓이는 0.8M 이었음
- 유기물 혼합비율의 생육과 과실생산량에 대한 한계 유의수준은 15% 이었음
○ 남부형 하이부쉬의 생장제한요인은 유기물혼합

Ⅳ. 연구개발결과
○ 토양조성과 재식 방법에 따른 블루베리 생육 특성 구명
- 수량은 수관면적과 뿌리 및 가지건물중이, 당함량과 과중은 엽 건물중이 상관을 나타냄
- 재식밀도는 수체생장 및 과실특성에 영향을 나타내지 않았음
- 이랑이 넓을수록 수관면적, 뿌리생장, 당함량 그리고 수량이 높았음
- 이랑이 넓을수록 건물중과 과실생산량이 높았으며, 한계 유의넓이는 0.8M 이었음
- 유기물 혼합비율의 생육과 과실생산량에 대한 한계 유의수준은 15% 이었음
○ 남부형 하이부쉬의 생장제한요인은 유기물혼합비율이었으며, 래빗아이 블루베리는 이랑폭 이었음
○ 블루베리의 질소 및 칼리 관비기술 체계확립
- 오닐과 브라이트웰의 생육 및 과실생산량에 따른 적정 관비수준은 북미 추천수준의 ½수준인 7g plant^-1이었음
- 칼리시비는 오닐과 브라이트웰 모두 시비효과가 없었음
○ 북부하이부쉬 블루베리 생력재배를 위한 유목기 전정방법 구명
- 전정시기 : 하계전정에 비해 동계전정시 다음해 신초, 화뢰 발생이 많음
- 전정방법 : 전체 결과지의 20%를 전정하였을 때 평균과중, 수량 증가
○ 북부하이부쉬 블루베리 착과관리방법 구명
-‘Duke’ : 착과량의 30% 적방시 무처리(2.2g/과) 대비 0.5g, 당도는 1.1°Bx 증가됨
- ‘Chandler’ : 착과량의 40% 적방시 무처리(2.5g/과) 대비 0.4g, 당도는 0.7°Bx 증가됨
○ 북부하이부쉬 블루베리에서 발생하는 주요 병해충 조사
- 주요병해 : 줄기썩음병, 가지마름병, 탄저병, 잿빛곰팡이병, 점무늬병
- 주요해충 : 블루베리혹파리, 총채벌레, 진딧물, 쐐기나방, 갈색날개매미충
○ 남부하이부쉬 ‘Misty’ 3년생 정식 후 동계 표준전정 실시한 후 7.20 하계전정을 함께 실시하는 것이 4년생의 건전한 수체 생육과 수량 증진(알이 굵고 고른 과실생산) 및 비상품과 발생을 낮출 수 있음
○ 5년생 준성목에 도달한 후 하계전정은 수량 및 과중에 있어서는 동계전정과 비교하여 유사한 효과를 보이나, 비상품과 발생비율을 낮추는데는 효과적임(블루베리는 수확기 농약살포 불가)
○ 결실량 조절은 결과지 꽃눈의 30%를 제거하는 것이 수량 증진과 과중증대, 비상품과 발생비율을 낮추는데 효과적이므로 동계전정시 함께 실시
○ 래빗아이 블루베리 유목에서 적정 착과량 조절방법
- 동계 솎음전정 30% + 20% 적방 → 수확노력 31% 절감, 상품수량 65% 향상
○ 래빗아이 블루베리 유목에서 하계전정에 따른 과실품질 변화
- 브라이트웰에서는 하계전정 20%, 30%에서 무처리보다 과중이 작았고, 티프블루에서는 20%이상에서 수량 감소
○ 전남 내륙 및 해안지역의 해충 발생 양상
- 블루베리혹파리, 총채벌레 등 9종 해충의 노지, 시설에서의 시기별 발생
- 여름 장마기 이후 점무늬병 발생 양상 구명

Abstract ▼

In rhizosphere research, The fruit yield of 'O'Neal' cultivar was highly correlated with Plant volume, and roots and stem dry weights, and sugar fruit sugar content and weight were correlated with leaf dry weight. Planting density of 'O'Neal' cultivar did not affect tree growth and fruit characteris

In rhizosphere research, The fruit yield of 'O'Neal' cultivar was highly correlated with Plant volume, and roots and stem dry weights, and sugar fruit sugar content and weight were correlated with leaf dry weight. Planting density of 'O'Neal' cultivar did not affect tree growth and fruit characteristic; however, space between furrows was positively correlated with Plant volume, root development, sugar content and fruit yield. Plant volume was largest in 30% of soil organic content matter but appropriate soil organic content was 15% when considering branch dry weight and critical level of fruit yield.
The fruit yield of 'Brightwell' cultivar increased as Plant volume and dry weight increased. In contrast to 'O'Neal' cultivar, leaf and root dry weights, and photosynthetic rate were significantly affected by planting density. Space between furrows in 'Brightwell' was also positively correlated with dry weight and fruit yield.Critical levels for space between furrow and soil organic content were 0.8m and 15%, respectively. In conclusion, limiting factors for the growth of southern highbush and rabbiteye blueberries were soil organic contents and space between furrows, respectively.
Nitrogen fertigation was effective in tree growth of the two blueberry cultivars.Plant volume of two year old 'O'Neal' and four year old 'Brightwell' that 50% of standard nitrogen was applied (7g per plant) were 2.22m3and 9.61m3, respectively,showing largest Plant volumea mong all nitrogen treatments. Fruit yield was highest in 100% of standard nitrogen application, resulting in 3,236gplant-1 in ‘O’Neil‘ and 12,849g plant-1 in ’Brightwell‘. However, nosignificant effect was observed in the various concentrations of potassium application. The growth and yield of 'O'Neal' and'Brightwell' tended to decrease as increasing potassium application. Therefore, it is necessary to reveal the appropriate amount of nitrogen fertilizer for each blueberry cultivar group and the effect of increased potassium application.
In Northern Highbush Blueberries, ‘Duke’ and ‘Chandler’ planted at the Jeollabuk-do Agricultural Research and Extension Services in April, 2013. In pruning experiments, shoots of both blueberry cultivars, ‘Duke’ an ‘Chandler’ were headed back to 10 and 30% main shoots in middle of July as summer pruning and in the middle of February as winter pruning. Another experiment was also conducted to find fruit qualities influenced by fruit bud removal from 10 to 50% during 2013 and 2015. In summer pruning experiments, heavy summer pruning resulted smaller shoot growth but spreading shoot trends. Leaf length and width were increased but fruit bud numbers were decreased by heavy pruning. Summer pruning did not change on fruit qualities in both ‘Duke’ and ‘Chandler’ cultivars. In winter pruning,removal 20% of fruiting shoots provided increased new shoot growth and flower buds as well. In winter pruning, average fruit weights was 0.2g and marketable fruits were 17% higher in ‘Duke’ and 6% higher in ‘Chandler’ cultivar as compared to not treated bushes.
In fruit set control experiment, 30% of fruit bud removal increased fruit weight by 0.5g per fruit as compared to control treated bushes (2.2g/fruit), and sugar level was up by 1.1 degree brix. In ‘Chandler’ cultivar 40% fruit bud removal increased fruits weight by 0.4g and sweetness by 0.7 degree brix. However, total fruit production volume was decreased as more fruit buds were removed.
During the blueberry growing season, all diseases occurred in open field and protected house were identified. In the open field, Botryosphaeria stem blight, Alternaria leaf spot, Anthracnose were found, and Alternaria leaf spot, Anthracnose were also found in the protected house. During the year of 2014 and 2015, total 38 kinds of insects were found from the highbush blueberry fields in Jeollabuk-do areas.
Main insect pests were 6 species including of blueberry gall midge(Dasineura oxycoccana Johnson), cotton aphid(Aphis gossypii Glover), chillie thrips(Scirtothrips dorsalis Hood), Ricania(Ricania sp.,) fall webworm(Eilema degenerella Warren), and green cochlid(Latoia consocia Walker. A. gossypii) was severly occurred at Iksan and Jinan, in May. But the chillie thrips(S. dorsalis) was severly occurred at all surveyed area in the flowering season, in early June. And the degree of damage was high in young plant. Ricania(R. sp.) was severly occurred at Jinan and Sunchang and then was spreading all area in Jeonbuk. Fall webworm(E. degenerella) was have a tendency to concentrate occurred in June, Iksan. Limacodidae was founded 5 species including green cochlid(L. consocia), and the green cochlid(L. consocia) was dominent at all areas and the densities was higher then the others 4 species. Generally, the number of insect pest species was many occurrence but the density was very low except main insect pests in blueberry. Degree of damaged of blueberry gall midge(D. oxycoccana) was higher in plain area(Iksan) than middle(Jinan) and mountain area(Sunchang). And Damage rates was higher young plant stage(under 3 years tree age) in 60∼78% than over 5 years tree age in 30∼50%. And also the damage rates of vinyl house was showed higher in 50∼80% than that of the field in 30∼40%.
in Southern Highbush Blueberries, the effects of winter pruning severity and the date of summer pruning on growth, yields, and fruit quality of ‘Misty’ southern highbush blueberry were studied. The pruning treatments were as follows: 1) winter pruning severity [unpruned control, conventional pruning (30% removed), and severe pruning (50% removed)] and 2) winter pruning (conventional pruning) + summer pruning date (June 20, July 20, and August 20). The number of buds was highest(894.6) with conventional winter pruning (CWP) + summer pruning (SP) on July 20, followed by conventional pruning (CP) (784.4), then no pruning (NP) (712.2), severe winter pruning (SWP) (656), CWP + SP on June 20 (540), and finally CWP + SP on August 20 (333.4).
In general, the improvement in light penetration to the canopy, shaping of bearing shoots, and strengthened cane were observed in the treatment of winter pruning combined with summer pruning on July 20. In the following year, total yields were highest with NP (1,648 g), followed by CWP + SP on July 20 (1,364 g), then CWP + SP on August 20 (962 g), CWP + SP on June 20 (859 g), SWP (844 g), and CWP(762g). Fruit weight results were as follows: CWP + SP on June 20 (1.53 g) > SWP (1.50g) > CWP + SP on August 20 (1.48 g) > CWP + SP on July 20 (1.44 g) > CWP (1.40g) > NP (1.10 g), but there was no statistical difference between the fruit weight results except compared to no pruning treatment. Fruit (berries) were used to investigate SSC, TA, total sugar, firmness, total phenolic content, and anthocyanin content, and no significant differences were found among the treatments.
In Rabbiteye Blueberries, the bushes of rabbiteye blueberries ('Brightwell' and'Tipblue') pruned by thinning out pruning method (TOPM) in winter had less canopy volume than control but developed longer shoot length, the longest shoot length in 50% TOPM, in particular. As the pruning was severe the average berry fruit size was bigger in Brightwell and Tipblue as well.
In the summer cut-back pruning (SCBP) treatment, the bush height, width and canopy volume were less vigorous and the number of shoots was less than control and shoot length was shorter than control in Brightwell. 20% and 30% SCBP resulted in smaller fruit size in both varieties and the yield of 20% and 30% SCBP decreased in Tipblue. The 10% bunch thinning (BT) of Brightwell and 20% BT of Tipblue resulted in bigger fruit size, so, the BT could reduce the berry harvesting labour and bring better profit.
The aspects of seasonal pest occurrence were investigated by comparing two different orchard conditions such as open field and green house in Damyang and Wando each. Total 9 pests and 3 diseases were monitored including blueberry gall midge (BGM) and thrips. Moth larva could be seen from the bud germination time of blueberry. The highest occurrence of gipsy moth was mid. May and mid-late July in Wando, and the highest occurrence of oriental moth was late June and early September. BGM and aphids could be seen from the leafing date, and thrips could be seen from the opening of flower buds. The occurrence of moth was relatively lower than green house condition in Wando because of the net protection around, however, the occurrence of thrips and BGM was higher than control in green house The anthrax spores and stem-end rot were observed during growing season, and the spotting on leaves were appeared after the late July in blueberry orchards.