보고서 정보
주관연구기관 |
국립원예특작과학원 National Institute of Horticultural and Herbal Science |
보고서유형 | 최종보고서 |
발행국가 | 대한민국 |
언어 |
한국어
|
발행년월 | 2016-02 |
과제시작연도 |
2015 |
주관부처 |
농촌진흥청 Rural Development Administration(RDA) |
등록번호 |
TRKO201600003406 |
과제고유번호 |
1395040877 |
사업명 |
원예특작시험연구 |
DB 구축일자 |
2016-06-25
|
DOI |
https://doi.org/10.23000/TRKO201600003406 |
초록
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Ⅳ. 연구개발결과
○ 공정육묘장 문제병해 발병특성 구명 및 방제체계 확립
- 공정육묘장에서 주로 재배하는 박과작물 등 육묘중인 채소류의 병해 조사
- 토마토 궤양병 등 종자전염성으로 알려져 있음에도 유묘에서는 병징을 보이지 않는 것으로 알려진 몇몇 주요 병해에 대한 발생현황 조사
- 과일썩음병, 덩굴마름병, 탄저병, 점무늬병, 뿌리썩음병, 검은별무늬병, 노균병, 세균점무늬병, 잎곰팡이병, 역병, 흰가루병, 덩굴쪼김병에 대해 육묘장 병해 종합관리
- 미기상센터를 이용한 육묘장 환경에 따라 미기상을 분석
Ⅳ. 연구개발결과
○ 공정육묘장 문제병해 발병특성 구명 및 방제체계 확립
- 공정육묘장에서 주로 재배하는 박과작물 등 육묘중인 채소류의 병해 조사
- 토마토 궤양병 등 종자전염성으로 알려져 있음에도 유묘에서는 병징을 보이지 않는 것으로 알려진 몇몇 주요 병해에 대한 발생현황 조사
- 과일썩음병, 덩굴마름병, 탄저병, 점무늬병, 뿌리썩음병, 검은별무늬병, 노균병, 세균점무늬병, 잎곰팡이병, 역병, 흰가루병, 덩굴쪼김병에 대해 육묘장 병해 종합관리
- 미기상센터를 이용한 육묘장 환경에 따라 미기상을 분석
- 채소 유묘기에 발생하는 주요 병해 진단과 방제연구
○ 공정육묘장의 해충 발생 예찰체계 및 방제 시스템 개발
- 주요 채소 공정육묘장별 관리현황과 주요 해충별 피해증상
- 공정육묘장 주변 해충 발생 조사 및 오염원 분석
- 공정육묘장 환경별 발생 주요 해충 종 및 발생생태
- 공정육묘장에서 담배거세미나방 관리방법
- 공정육묘장 주요 해충과 관리요령 매뉴얼 이용
○ 공정육묘장의 바이러스병 조기진단 및 예방 관리체계 개발
- 육묘장에서 채소작물 주요 바이러스 종자전염율 조사
- 채소 공정육묘장 주변의 잡초들 및 매개충에서 바이러스병 조사
- 바이러스 피해 예방을 위한 채소 육묘장 관리 요령 작성
- 채소 육묘장에서 발생하는 바이러스병 조기 진단법 개발
- 채소 육묘장에서 매개충 전염 바이러스 검출이 가능한 지표식물 선정
- 생장조절제에 노출된 채소 육묘들의 정식 후 바이러스 증상 발생 시기 조사
- 작물 폐기를 요하는 한계 바이러스 발생률 설정 및 종자 전염률 조사
○ 공정육묘장 병해충 종합관리 매뉴얼 개발
- 전국 107곳 채소 공정육묘장의 출입구 이중문 설치 비율 84.1%, 방충망 70.1%, 육묘 베드밑 콘크리트 등 포장 64.5%, 끈끈이 트랩 49.5%, 육묘장 외부 방초시트 22.4%
- 조사 육묘장내 외부 유입식물의 비율은 31.8%였으며, 일일초에서는 CMV, 천사의나팔에서는 TSWV가 검출
- 『채소 육묘장의 주요 병해충관리』매뉴얼 책자(ISBN 978-89-480 –2704-4 93520』발간(113쪽)하였으며, 제 1 장은 채소 육묘장 병해충의 시설 환경관리, 2장은 병해 종류 및 방제, 3장은 바이러스병 종류와 예방, 4장은 충해 종류와 방제로 구성
Abstract
▼
We investigated pest species, damage symptoms by the pests, and its management in the major plug seedling nurseries during 2011 and 2015. Based on the above information, we conducted basic research to determine comprehensive management points for control of pests and management of plug seedling prod
We investigated pest species, damage symptoms by the pests, and its management in the major plug seedling nurseries during 2011 and 2015. Based on the above information, we conducted basic research to determine comprehensive management points for control of pests and management of plug seedling production.
Crops grown by nursery were tomato, pepper, cucumber, watermelon etc. Adaptation of plant protection measures in the nursery against the incidence of diseases is very important task to get the healthy seedlings. Damping off seedlings, leaf curl, leaf blight diseases and leaf miner and borer infect the seedling in the nursery. To research on effects of microclimate in nursery house, WATCH-DOG(Series-1000) data loggers were installed 3 regions(Pyeongtaek-si, Miryang-si, Gongju-si). Temperature, relative humidity and leaf wetness measured. Diagnosis of fungal and bacterial Diseases was researched and Anthracnose, downey mildew, leaf spot, Bacterial fruit blotch, Gummy stem blight. Especially, bacterial fruit blotch(BFB) of watermelon was an important disease of cucurbita and we produced leaflets and distributed for farmers. To reduce seedling diseases, fungicide treatments can usually prevent severe losses caused by seedling diseases as long as growing conditions are reasonably good.
Thrips, whiteflies, aphids, and the fungus gnat were the major pest species, and its composition was variable by the management practice and surrounding environment of nurseries. Thrips attacked the young shoots, and thus seriously retarded the growth of seedlings. Aphids and whiteflies damaged the seedlings by sucking plant sap. Thrips and whiteflies began to occur after March, and their density was dramatically increased after August. Density of the fungus gnat was high in the nurseries where wet ground with weeds. Oriental leafworm moth was the major lepidopteran pest species, and had damaged damage in several nurseries after June. Pesticides were sprayed 15 to 38 times during a year. Abamectin, acetamiprid, tiametoxam, imidacloprid, abamectin, spinosad, and dinotepran were used commonly. As preventive action to control pests in the nurseries, elimination of internal (weeds, puddles, wet potting soil) and external (seedling nursery wastes) pest occurrence sources and blocking entrance of pests into a greenhouse will be most effective.
To develop prevention management and reliable diagnosis of plant viruses in vegetable nurseries, we examined current situations of inside and outside the facility survey in vegetable nurseries and examined the facilities for control of pests and diseases and the facilities utilization survey in Korea. We examined what virus diseases are happened in vegetable nurseries and virus diseases from weeds and virus-transmissible pests around vegetable nurseries. we developed rapid and reliable diagnostic methods for viruses from vegetable seedlings in vegetable nurseries and some brief manuals for control of damaging viruses in vegetable nurseries. We selected indicator plant species that allow a simple detection of insect-transmissible viruses. We analyzed virus symptoms of vegetable seedlings treated with a plant growth regulator after planting to soil in farms and examine the timing of symptom productions in the infected vegetable seedlings treated with a plant growth regulator.
Environmental factors that influence the occurrence of pests and diseases were examined at 107 vegetable nurseries for production of vegetable seedlings from 2013 to 2015 in Korea. Cultivated areas around the plant nursery were 37.4% of paddy field, 30.8% of vegetable field and 31.8% of orchard and forest land, respectively. To control weeds, 22.4% plant nursery used woven fabrics at surroundings of each nursery and 85% plant nursery set up a dumping site for wasting of the seedling debris. Moreover, plant nurseries were installed with double doors (84.1%), an air curtain (0.9%), or disinfecting foot mats (8.4%) in the entrance of plant nursery. At the bottom of nursery beds, the whole floor of plant nurseries were covered with concrete (29%), partially with gravels (35.5%), or without any covers (only soils). A ratio of plant nurseries that use yellow or blue-sticky traps for insect monitoring and control was 49.5%. A ratio of plant nurseries growing extraneous ornamental plants with vegetable seedlings was 31.8%. From a phytopathological point of view, these ornamental plants from outside might be a major reservoir for plant diseases and pests.
Finally, we made a manual book of integrated prevention and control of vegetable-infecting major pests for vegetable nurseries and distributed the manual book to vegetable nurseries to prevent pests from vegetable seedlings in Korea.
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