보고서 정보
주관연구기관 |
국립원예특작과학원 National Institute of Horticultural and Herbal Science |
보고서유형 | 최종보고서 |
발행국가 | 대한민국 |
언어 |
한국어
|
발행년월 | 2016-02 |
과제시작연도 |
2015 |
주관부처 |
농촌진흥청 Rural Development Administration(RDA) |
등록번호 |
TRKO201600003411 |
과제고유번호 |
1395041169 |
사업명 |
FTA대응경쟁력향상기술개발 |
DB 구축일자 |
2016-06-25
|
DOI |
https://doi.org/10.23000/TRKO201600003411 |
초록
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Ⅳ. 연구개발결과
○ 인삼 하우스의 연생별 적정 차광 방법 연구
- 차광비닐 : 흰색(겉면)+청색(안쪽)혼용비닐, 자연광 대비 7, 10, 13%로 설치(평야지 7%, 준산간지 10%, 산간지 13%)
○ 인삼 하우스의 토성(논, 밭토양) 및 연생별 적정 수분관리 연구
- 밭토양, 논토양 관수방법 : 관수 개시점 30kpa, 관수 종말점 15kpa (30kpa 도달시 20분 관수 개시, 24시간 경과 후 추가 관수 결정)
- 점적관수 시 물 44% 절약, 내백 발생율 감소(고랑관수 4.9mm, 점적관수 3
Ⅳ. 연구개발결과
○ 인삼 하우스의 연생별 적정 차광 방법 연구
- 차광비닐 : 흰색(겉면)+청색(안쪽)혼용비닐, 자연광 대비 7, 10, 13%로 설치(평야지 7%, 준산간지 10%, 산간지 13%)
○ 인삼 하우스의 토성(논, 밭토양) 및 연생별 적정 수분관리 연구
- 밭토양, 논토양 관수방법 : 관수 개시점 30kpa, 관수 종말점 15kpa (30kpa 도달시 20분 관수 개시, 24시간 경과 후 추가 관수 결정)
- 점적관수 시 물 44% 절약, 내백 발생율 감소(고랑관수 4.9mm, 점적관수 3.9mm)
○ 비닐하우스에서 인삼 연속재배를 위한 토양소독방법 개발
- 녹비작물 재배후 토양혼화+하우스 밀폐 태양열 소독으로 지하 15cm 깊이에서 지온이 45℃까지 상승하고 40℃ 이상에서 65시간이 경과되어 지하부 생존율이 무처리 8.9%에서 소독처리 80.8%로 현저히 증가
Abstract
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1. Control of soil-borne pathogens in ginseng cultivation through the use of cultured green manure crop and solarization in greenhouse facilities
Root diseases caused by Cylindrocarpon destructans and Fusarium solani decrease the yield and quality of ginseng. Cylindrocarpon root rot is a major d
1. Control of soil-borne pathogens in ginseng cultivation through the use of cultured green manure crop and solarization in greenhouse facilities
Root diseases caused by Cylindrocarpon destructans and Fusarium solani decrease the yield and quality of ginseng. Cylindrocarpon root rot is a major disease caused by replanting failure in ginseng plots that has been cultivated for 5 years.
Solarization was done in the infested soil of the greenhouse from July 24 to August 31, 2014 after putting green manure (sudan grass) into the soil, and adding calcium cyanamide and urea fertilizer, respectively. Mycelium and conidia of C. destructans died at 40℃ after 15 hours, and 45℃ after 5 hours, but it did not die at 35℃ after 15 hours. Those of C. destructans died after keeping it for two hours daily at 40℃ for 9 days, and 45℃ for 8 days, but did not die at 38℃ for 9 days. Soil temperature was 55.4℃ in underground 5cm depth, 48.7℃ in 10cm, 44.7℃ in 15cm, 42.5℃ in 20cm, and 31.9℃ in 30cm, respectively, after putting green manure into the soil and solarization. Solarization using green manure mixed with calcium cyanamide was the most effective in decreasing soil-borne pathogens of 2-year-old ginseng. But the addition of calcium cyanamide decreased the root weight due to the increase in EC and NO3-N.
Soil disinfection using green manure and solarization in greenhouse was effective in inhibiting the occurrence of root rot disease, however, it did not completely kill the soil-borne pathogens.
2. Effect of irrigation of sulfur solution before sowing on growth and root rot disease of seedling in ginseng nursery
To control the disease of root rot in ginseng nursery, inorganic sulfur solution of 0.1%, 1.0%, and 2.0% were irrigated by amount of 10ℓ per 3.3㎡ before sowing. On the last ten days of July, Fusarium solani and F. oxysporum were similarly detected by 44.8% and 43.8%, respectively, while Cylindrocarpon destructans was low detected by 4.4% in the diseased seedling. The more sulfur’s concentration was increased, the more soil pH was decreased. Soil pH was decreased from 5.87 to 4.59 by the irrigation of sulfur solution of 1.0%. The more sulfur’s concentration was increased, the more electrical conductivity (EC) of soil was increased. EC was increased from 0.27 dS/m to 1.28 dS/m by the irrigation of sulfur solution of 1.0%. Irrigation of sulfur solution was effective on the inhibition of damping-off caused by Rhizoctonia solani in ginseng seedling. Control value for damping-off by the irrigation of sulfur solution of 1.0% and 2.0% were 75.7%, and 78.5%, respectively. Growth of leaf was inhibited by the irrigation of sulfur solution of 2.0%. Root weight per 3.3㎡ showed the peak in sulfur solution of 1.0%, while survived-root ratio and root weight per plant were decreased in the level of 2.0%. Survived-root ratio of seedling in sulfur solution of 1.0% was distinctly increased by 4.7 times compare to the control, but control value for root rot was relatively low as 49.2%. Mycelium growth of C. destructans, F. solani, and R. solani were distinctly inhibited by the increase of sulfur’s concentration in vitro culture using PDA medium.
3. Study on optimal shade method by root age for greenhouse cultivation in ginseng
Korean Ginseng(Panax ginseng C. A. Meyer) has been cultivated in the traditional shading facility for a long time. However, the appearance of disease and insect pest is rising in traditional shading facility. Therefore problems of pesticide residue have been raised in traditional shading facility. In order to solve this problem, a new cultivation using greenhouse is required. This research was performed to improve disease control and quantity and cosmetically perfect of ginseng that cultivated with greenhouse facility. The results of research were as follows.
Average temperature according to shading materials of ginseng’s cultivation facilities was lower in greenhouse facility by 0.9~3.1℃( traditional shading facility’s average temperature : 29.4℃, greenhouse facility’s average temperature : 26.3~28.5℃ ; measuring time : April~September every day 2 p.m.). The rate of light transmission was 5.5% in traditional shade facility, 7.7% in black shading greenhouse facility and 12.3% in blue shading greenhouse facility. Disturbance of high temperature was 30% in traditional shade facility, 0.1% in black shading greenhouse facility and not occurrence in blue shading greenhouse facility. The outbreak situation of ginseng’s major disease was Colletorichum sp.13%, Alternaria panax 17%, Cotrutis sp. 3%, Phytophthora cactorum 5% in traditional shade facility but it was lower that spotting disease 0.1%, gray mold 0.1% in black shading greenhouse facility and blue shading greenhouse facility. The growth characteristics of ginseng was good in blue shading greenhouse facility and quantity of 6-year-old ginseng in greenhouse facility increased 39%(1,014kg) in blue shading comparison with black shading.
After developed white+blue shading film to improve the shading method of the existing greenhouse facility, upon investigation of growth environment, average temperature according to shading materials of greenhouse facility was lower 0.9℃ in white+blue shading film comparison with black shading net(Average temperature in white+blue shading film : 29.4℃, average temperature in black shading net : 30.3℃). The growth characteristics of 6-year-old ginseng was good in white+blue shading greenhouse facility and root yield per 10a increased 41% in white+blue shading film(1,163kg) comparison with black shading net(826.2kg). Ginsenoside contents of ginseng according to shading materials of greenhouse facility increased 15% in white+blue shading film(33.56mg/g) comparison with black shading net(29.13mg/g). In regional adaptation test of white+blue shading film, regional average temperature was 19.9℃ in Namwon Unbong, 20.7℃ in Jinan, 22.8℃ in Iksan. Root yield per 10a of regional 3-year-old ginseng was good in Namwon and root yield per 10a n white+blue shading film increased 18~25% in Namwon(671.4kg) comparison with Jinan(565.9kg), Iksan(537.9kg).
4. Study on optimal soil moisture content by root ages, and upland and paddy soil for greenhouse cultivation in ginseng
In a survey due to differences in soil traits and Irrigation point, from 2 years to 4years of root weight and yield of Ginseng were heavier in the upland, especially 30kpa irrigation point treatment was heaviest than the other treatments. From 5year to 6 Years of ginseng has showed heavier in paddy soil, the most treatment was 30kpa- 15kpa irrigation point. This trend was the same in upland soil. Soil moisture management in the case of silt loam, the humid-state-control was more advantageous than dry-state control in upland and paddy soil.
In a survey to the soil characteristics and irrigation methods, form 2 Years to 3 year of root weight and yield of Ginseng, the root weight and yield of the paddy soil was heavier order in the underground irrigation> furrow irrigation> drip irrigation, in the upland soil was heavier order drip irrigation> Underground irrigation> furrow irrigation. From 2years to 3years of ginseng in the upland soil were heavier than the paddy soil. But 4years to 6years of ginseng in paddy soils were heavier than upland soil. The yield of 6years ginseng was the higher in drip irrigation treatment of the paddy soil and the extract Yields of red ginseng was slightly smaller in size of naeback.. The yield of 6years of ginseng was higher in furrow irrigation in the upland soil, but extract yields of red-ginseng and in size of naeback of drip irrigation and Underground irrigation were smaller than furrow irrigation.
In result of the experiment, the quality and yield of ginseng were improved by irrigation method. The maintain soil moisture through irrigation for growing period was given enough moisture in the ginseng plant to facilitate photosynthesis. In the future is necessary to study the method of supplying water to meet several conditions, such as soil characteristics, climate and terrain characteristics in the Green House cultivation.
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