초록

Ⅳ. 연구개발결과
□ 학술적 성과 : 논문게재 10편, 학술발표 29건,
□ 실용적 성과 : 산업재산권 출원 1건, 기술이전 1건, 영농활용 11건
□ 자료 발간 : 원예작물 임상진단 사례집 등 4건

Abstract ▼

From 2009 to 2011, clinical diagnosis of diseases on horticultural crops was carried out. The causal agents of the diseases were fungi and bacteria in the most of the cases. The number of the crops received for the diagnosis was the highest in vegetables followed by flowers and fruit trees. Newly id

From 2009 to 2011, clinical diagnosis of diseases on horticultural crops was carried out. The causal agents of the diseases were fungi and bacteria in the most of the cases. The number of the crops received for the diagnosis was the highest in vegetables followed by flowers and fruit trees. Newly identified vegetable diseases are; cucumber foot rot caused by Fusarium solani, Aphanomyces root rot of cucumber caused by Aphanomyces sp. and cucurbit rootstocks scab by Cladosporium cucumerinum. Among the fruit trees received for disease diagnosis, grape, bluberry and persimmon were the major crops. Persimmon black symptom caused by Pesptalotiopsis sp. and other fungus was newly identified. Among the floral crops, anthurium bacterial blight(ABB) caused by Xanthomonas axonopodis pv. dieffenbachiae was firstly recorded in Korea.

Occurrence of anthracnose on chilli pepper was surveyed on pepper growing fields in Tap-dong, Suwon in 2009. Correlation analysis of the disease incidence with weather factors revealed that it was positively related to relative humidity, precipitation, rainy days, duration of continuous rainy days and wetness. The disease occurred severly in open fields while the incidence was low at the edge in rain-proof fields.

Leaf samples collected from commercial orchard of blueberry, cherry and kiwi were tested by ELISA or (RT)PCR for the presence of viruses. The results showed that the virus infection rates were 25.9, 22.3 and 1.4%, respectively. The highest infection rate of blueberry samples was CMV 31.7% followed by BlShV 3.6%, BlScV 1.2% and BSSV 0.4%. Cherry samples were infected by ApMV 18.4%, ACLSV 8.1%, PDV 2.1% and PNRSV 1.1%. Kiwi samples were found positive only with ASGV. The infected samples showed vein banding, interveinal chlorosis, crescent shaped and dapple mosaic virus-like symptoms on the leaves. Sequence analyses revealed that four viruses from the infected samples shared nucleotide sequence identities with the known CMV, ACLSV, ApMV and ASGV isolates (GenBank Accession No.U20558, FN550876, FN435314, FJ952166) of 99, 99, 97 and 92%, respectively. Finally, RT-PCR methods was developed for the detection of CMV, ACLSV, ApMV and ASGV in blueberry, cherry and kiwi plants. The symptoms of dapple mosaic with chlorotic spots and pointed end on plum cv. Oiishiwase (Prunus salicina L.) fruits were observed in Gyeonggi-do and Gyeongsangbuk-do. By RT-PCR analysis, HSVd variants (DP1, DP2) were detected from the diseased dapple plums. HSVd infection was confirmed by the dot blot hybridization using a DIG-probe specific to HSVd. Nucleotide sequences of DP1 and DP2 had the identities of 94-100% with those of other variants of HSVd in Genbank database.

Surveys were conducted on major insect pest in orchards in mid-region of Korea during 2009-2011. There were no significant differences in small insects in the orchards during the 3-year survey. But the lantern fly (Lycorma delicatula) occurrence in grape decreased significantly in 2010 and 2011 when compared to the previous years affected by nationwide control program. The first peaks of major fruit tree moths were delayed during the 3 years, and the delay patten was closely correlated with the slower temperature increases in the spring times. A new thrips damage symptom in grape fruit was firstly identified which showed small black spots on young fruits. The symptom was caused by egg deposition of the thrips. In grapevines, unrecorded rust mite (Calepitrimerus vitis) damage was newly observed. A survey in major grape cultivation areas revealed that the mite was already widely distributed in grape farms.

Several leafrollers are economically important pests of fruit trees in Korea. Leafrollers collected from orchards of central region of South Korea in 2009 were classified into six species: Adoxophyes paraorana, Adoxophyes orana, Archips breviplicanus, Hoshinoa longicellana, Pandemis heparana, and Rhopobota naevana. Adoxophyes spp. were the predominant species (>80%). The analyses of pheromone glands extracts indicate that Adoxophyes species have Z9-14:Ac and Z11-14:Ac as major components, but in markedly different ratios. The ratio of Z9-14:Ac and Z11-14:Ac was estimated to be 80:20 for A. orana, and 3:97 for A. paraorana. Females of A. breviplicanus and H. longicellana produced sex pheromone blends comprised of Z11-14:Ac and E11-14:Ac in an almost opposite ratio. The quaternary blend of Z11-14:Ac, Z9-14:Ac and Z11-14:OH at a ratio of 95:3:2 was an effective attractant for Korean population of P. heparana. Males of A. paraorana, the predominant species, were captured to pheromone traps from May to October, with peak catches in late May, early July, and middle September, respectively in Suwon orchards. The effect of dispensers (50 g/ha) containing a blend of Z9-14:Ac and Z11-14:Ac for mating disruption of Adoxophyes spp. was tested in Cheonan pear orchards. The permeation of the atmosphere with synthetic sex pheromone significantly reduced the ability of male moths to locate pheromone-baited traps. Moreover, fruit damage levels in pheromone-treated orchards were not statistically different from those of the insecticide-treated orchards.

The native natural enemies of leaf mites and aphids were searched in horticultural crops. Two prominent species of native natural enemies were collected for controlling leaf mites; Feltiella acarisuga, Stethorus punctillum, and one natural enemy for controlling aphid; Hemerobius sp. All of those native natural enemies were collected on leaves and stems of each plant; F. acarisuga was detected in hollyhock, rose and apple, S. punctillum was in citrus and Hemerobius sp. was in apple and pear, respectively. Daily prey consumptions of F. acarisuga were 77.9 egg, 31.4 nymph, 28.1 adult of Tetranychus urticae, respectively, under 25℃ condition. The S. punctillum adult fed on 13.5, 10.7 individuals of nymph and adult T. urticae per day, respectively.

A study was conducted to develop pest management strategies of insect pests and arthropods in western orchids like cymbidium, phalaenopsis, denphalae. Major insect pests of western orchid were thrips, mites, fungus gnats, gall midge, etc. Dichromothrips smithi and Contarinia maculipennis are small insect pests and known for serious insect pests which causing economic damages to budding flowers of western orchids. Especially, C. maculipennis was mainly occurred in sporadic outbreaks by penetrating bud flowers before blooming, and almost impossible for investing the occurrences of this pest by using traps or visual investigations because of its small sizes (<1mm). We also investigated the incidences of soil arthropods in western orchids. Major soil arthropods were collembola, soil oribatid mite, larvae of fungus gnats, snail, soil nematode, etc. But, the damages caused by those soil arthropods were negligible during the whole periods of investigations. The damage rates of denphalae by Dichromothrips smithi were very different according to the varieties of denphalae, there were close relationships with hardness of petals of flower. The attractiveness of Dichromothrips smithi was highest by blue sticky traps among different colors of sticky traps, but general attractiveness of many insect pests like thrips, adult fungus gnats, gall midge were good by yellow sticky traps.

목차 Contents

• 표지 ... 1
• 제 출 문 ... 2
• 요 약 문 ... 3
• SUMMARY ... 4
• 제1장 서 론 ... 7
• 제1절 원예작물 주요 병해 임상진단, 발생실태 조사 및 방제 연구 ... 7
• 제2절 고추 탄저병 발병특성에 따른 방제 연구 ... 7
• 제3절 신유망 과수작물 바이러스 동정 및 정밀진단 기술 개발 ... 8
• 제3절 과수해충 발생실태 및 종류 조사 ... 8
• 제5절 과수 잎말이나방류의 성페로몬 동정 및 이용 연구 ... 8
• 제6절 채소 해충의 생물적 방제 자원 소재 개발 ... 9
• 제7절 서양난에 발생하는 해충 생태 및 방제 연구 ... 9
• 제2장 국내외 기술개발 현황 ... 11
• 제1절 원예작물 주요 병해 임상진단, 발생실태 조사 및 방제 연구 ... 11
• 제2절 고추 탄저병 발병특성에 따른 방제 연구 ... 11
• 제3절 신유망 과수작물 바이러스 동정 및 정밀진단 기술 개발 ... 11
• 제4절 과수해충 발생 연구 ... 12
• 제5절 과수 잎말이나방류의 성페로몬 동정 및 이용 연구 ... 12
• 제6절 채소 해충의 생물적 방제 자원 소재 개발 ... 13
• 제7절 서양난에 발생하는 해충 생태 및 방제 연구 ... 13
• 제3장 연구개발수행 내용 및 결과 ... 14
• 제1절 원예작물 주요 병해 임상진단, 발생실태 조사 및 방제 연구 ... 14
• 제2절 고추 탄저병 발병특성에 따른 방제 연구 ... 29
• 제3절 신 유망 과수작물 바이러스 동정 및 정밀진단 기술 개발 ... 34
• 제4절 과수해충 발생실태 및 종 조사 ... 41
• 제5절 과수 잎말이나방류의 성페로몬 동정 및 이용 연구 ... 58
• 제6절 채소 해충의 생물적 방제 자원 소재 개발 ... 61
• 제7절 서양난에 발생하는 해충 생태 및 방제 연구 ... 63
• 제4장 연구개발목표 달성도 및 대외기여도 ... 73
• 제1절 목표대비 달성도 ... 73
• 제2절 정량적 성과 ... 75
• 제5장 연구개발결과의 활용계획 ... 78
• 제6장 중요 변동사항 ... 79
• 제7장 참고문헌 ... 80
• 끝페이지 ... 90