초록 ▼

개발결과 요약

최종(연차)목표
○ 대상 지하광산의 Pre-production/Production 통합설계기술 개발
- 대상광산의 3차원 데이터베이스 구축 및 광산 설계인자 도출
- 대상광체 개발을 위한 광산 통합 layout 설계기술 개발

개발내용 및 결과
○ 대상광산의 3차원 데이터베이스 구축
- 연구대상광산의 3차원 데이터베이스 구축
- 연구대상 신규 가상광체의 3D 모델링
○ 연구대상광산의 암반특성 평가 및 채광법 선정
- 실내실험에 의한 대상지역 암반의 역학

개발결과 요약

최종(연차)목표
○ 대상 지하광산의 Pre-production/Production 통합설계기술 개발
- 대상광산의 3차원 데이터베이스 구축 및 광산 설계인자 도출
- 대상광체 개발을 위한 광산 통합 layout 설계기술 개발

개발내용 및 결과
○ 대상광산의 3차원 데이터베이스 구축
- 연구대상광산의 3차원 데이터베이스 구축
- 연구대상 신규 가상광체의 3D 모델링
○ 연구대상광산의 암반특성 평가 및 채광법 선정
- 실내실험에 의한 대상지역 암반의 역학적 특성 규명
- 현장 암반의 암반분류 평가 및 현장 초기지압 측정
- 신규 가상광체의 채광법 선정
○ Openings 규격 설계기법 개발 및 2D layout 도출
- 채광장 및 갱도의 안정성 평가 및 광주 규격 평가기술 개발
- 대상광산의 2D layout 설계안 도출
○ 개발 및 채광공정 설계기술 개발 및 3D layout 도출
- 지하광산 호이스트 설계용 소프트웨어 개발
- 대상광산의 발파패턴 제시 및 공정평가기술 개발
- 갱구 위치 및 갱내·외 운반방법 최적 선정기법 개발
- 대상광산의 3D layout 설계안 도출
○ 통기 및 배수 설계기법 개발 및 최적 3D layout 도출
- 광산 통기 평가 및 개선기술 개발
- 일교차에 의한 자연통기 특성 규명 및 국부통기 전산모델링
- 신규광체의 개발 및 채광단계별 통기설계기술 개발
- 광산 개발에 따른 갱내수 유입량 산정기법 개발
- 대상광산의 최적 3D layout 설계안 도출

기대효과
○ 국내 및 해외 광물자원개발기업의 광산설계 기술수요 충족 및 침체된 국내 광산기술 선진화
○ 효율적인 광산개발에 의한 광산의 가치향상

적용분야
○ 국내·외 유망광상의 광산설계 및 평가에 관한 핵심적인 정보와 설계기술 제공
○ 안전하고 경제적이며 효율적인 광산개발을 위한 기반기술 제공

Abstract ▼

Ⅳ. Results of the Study
◦ Establishment of 3D database for target mine
- Drawings of the target mine, drilling information, the current state of and reports on the mine development, and other data were collected from industry and related organizations and then shared with consignment organizat

Ⅳ. Results of the Study
◦ Establishment of 3D database for target mine
- Drawings of the target mine, drilling information, the current state of and reports on the mine development, and other data were collected from industry and related organizations and then shared with consignment organizations and utilized in various research areas.
- A 3D mine database was established based on the 3D modeling of the topography, mining database, galleries, ore body, and geology using the obtained data . The ore resources of the existing ore body were estimated by modeling the ore body.
- Because little exploration has been performed in the target area of the research and insufficient information has been obtained about the ore body, information about the existing Yangyang iron mine was utilized to simulate the new virtual ore body. Because the target area generally has a N10–40E strike and 60SE gradient, the strike and gradient of the target ore body were determined to be N20–30E and 60SE, respectively. The ore body of the fourth mineralized zone was simulated to be a shaft ore body, and the sixth mineralized zone was simulated to be a Yangyang ore body in the Yangyang mine. The depth of the ore body of the fourth mineralized zone was determined based on the intersection of mineralized zone in the boring data , and that of the sixth mineralized zone was estimated based on the average depth of the ore bodies of the existing Yangyang iron mine.

◦ Evaluation of rock mechanical characteristics of target mine and determination of mining method
- Representative rocks in the target area were classified using eight types, and the elastic and joint characteristics of the rocks were evaluated using experiments. A field survey and boring core analysis were conducted to present RMR .
- A hydraulic fracturing test was performed by opening a borehole in the target area. The initial stresses at different depths were derived from the results of this test. The direction of the maximum horizontal stress was determined using a televiewer survey.
- In order to mine a model of a 3D virtual ore body, an appropriate mining method needs to be determined beforehand. In this research, methods from the following five studies were examined in consideration of the characteristics of the target ore body: Boshkov & Wright (1973), Morrison (1976), Laubscher(1981), Hartman (1987), and Miller-Tait et al. (1995). As a result, three mining methods were found to be appropriate for the target ore body in the order of sublevel stoping, shrinkage stoping, and cut & fill. When these methods were compared in terms of cost savings, sublevel stoping was found to be the most appropriate.

◦ Development of design method for opening dimensions and derivation of 2D layout
- This research proposed a methodology for determining the shape of a stope face in consideration of its slope and the location of the sublevel and draw point drift, and for evaluating the size and shape of the stope by identifying appropriate shapes for different depths. Five methods for evaluating the stability were also introduced to propose a design method for a mine pillar. After examining the evaluation results, a mining method was selected by considering the yield, Thus, we proposed a new mine layout design evaluation method, which is needed to arrange the drifts and stopes.
- The following five stability evaluation methods were used to evaluate the dimensions of the drifts and stopes: evaluations based on the safety factor, stability graph, stress criteria, deviatoric stress, and plastic zone.
- The shapes and dimensions of the mining pillars and stopes were evaluated at different depths in a comparison between sublevel stoping and room & pillar mining. As a result, at the depth of 100–200 m, sublevel stoping showed a higher yield, while at a depth of less than 300 m, room & pillar mining showed a higher yield. Accordingly, in this research, the two methods were applied at the most appropriate depths.
- On the basis of the evaluation results for the shape of the stopes and dimensions of neighboring pillars, along with the plan for applying the mining methods at different depths, a 2D mine layout was proposed that arranges the stopes and drifts around the ore body.

◦ Development of design technology for mining process and derivation of 3D layout
- The developed design method for hoist in this study was verified by comparison with the hoists used in existing mines. Based on the verified design method for a hoist, software was developed to allow anyone to conveniently design a hoist for a mine. One of the merits of this software is that both drum-type and friction sheave-type hoists can be designed. In addition, the software also includes individual analyses based on the characteristics of the rope, multiple analyses using a database for the rope, and a feasibility evaluation of the designed hoist.
- The blasting pattern of the target mine was analyzed to identify problems, for which solutions were then suggested, thereby providing a more stable and economic blasting method.
- A comparison between the developed evaluation model and the measurement of the cycle time (CT) of the drilling work showed good agreement. In addition, a unit process evaluation method for mine development and exploitation was developed for the first time, and its applicability was evaluated. The stability of the drilling and charging process and the process capability can be evaluated using this method.
- The CT of a haulage unit was measured based on the transport conditions in order to calculate the rolling resistance. The efficiency of the unit was also evaluated. A statistical evaluation method for the CT under working conditions was developed. Then, the eigenvalue of the CT of unit operation was proposed, and an evaluation method for the distribution characteristic of the value was suggested.
- To predict the inundation of a mine portal by surface water, a method for determining the location of a mine portal was developed by considering the surface hydrographical characteristics. A field survey was conducted to determine an adequate location for the portal. Based on haulage capacities of 500,000, 1 million, and 1.5 million tons per year, which were calculated for each location of the portal, applicable carrying methods for outside and inside the portal. These transporting methods were then evaluated in terms of the design and economical evaluation, and the conveyance environment was comprehensively examined, which made it possible to determine an optimal carrying method.
- The optimal carrying method was then applied to the 2D mine layout. The 3D mine layout was proposed by adding a crushing station, a shaft, an inclined shaft in the mine.

◦ Development of design method for mine ventilation and drainage and derivation of optimal 3D layout
- A computational model of natural ventilation was developed based on the ○○○ mine. The model conformed to the results of a ventilation experiment. In addition, a behavioral characteristic analysis of pollutants was performed in relation to the ventilation conditions, and a ventilation evaluation index was developed. The mine problems were identified and solutions were proposed based on the evaluation results. When the proposed solutions were examined, it was found that the ventilation was improved by a maximum of 3–43 times.
- In order to identify the characteristics of the natural ventilation produced by daily temperature difference, an experimental device was designed, fabricated, and operated for the first time. As a result, it was found that there was no variation in the temperature, humidity, and wind velocity inside the ramp way inside the mine, in contrast to the mine portal and outside the mine. This may be because of the influence of a constant atmospheric pressure.
- A computational flow analysis was performed for the location of the intake duct and the distance between the working face end and the entrance of the duct in a single drift. The retention time, temperature distribution, wind velocity, and eddy change were evaluated.
- The mining development was divided into nineteen stages, and a ventilation design was proposed for each stage. In the first stage, during which the section from the mine portal to ventilation shaft was opened, dynamic and static analyses were performed for the point pollution source caused by blasting and line pollution source caused by dust. In this way, an optimal ventilation method was determined. In the second stage, during which the conveyance passage was secured, a method for improving the ventilation of the crushing station inside the mine was presented. The remaining stages were again divided into development and mining stages for each mining site, and the necessary ventilation facilities were determined based on each ventilation design.
- The recently developed MineDW software was used to calculate the amount of drainage and evaluate the inflow of underground water caused by the mine development. Based on the amount of drainage that occurred at the shafts of the Yangyang iron mine, a reverse analysis was conducted to evaluate the ground hydrological properties, and thereby calculate the inflow of underground water.
- An optimal 3D mine layout was obtained by applying the designs of mine ventilation and drainage for the 3D mine.

목차 Contents

• 표지 ... 1제 출 문 ... 3최종보고서 요약서 ... 5요 약 문 ... 7SUMMARY ... 13CONTENTS ... 21목차 ... 23제 1 장 연구개발과제의 개요 ... 25 제 1 절 연구개발의 목적과 필요성 ... 26 제 2 절 연구개발 내용 및 범위 ... 27 1. 연구의 최종목표 및 내용 ... 27 2. 당해연도의 연구개발 내용 및 범위 ... 30제 2 장 국내외 기술개발 현황 ... 31 제 1 절 국내 기술개발 동향 ... 31 제 2 절 국외 기술개발 동향 ... 32제 3 장 연구개발수행 내용 및 결과 ... 35 제 1 절 대상광산의 3차원 데이터베이스 구축 ... 35 1. 연구대상지역 ... 35 2. 대상 광산의 3차원 데이터베이스 구축 ... 41 3. 연구대상 신규 가상광체 3차원 모델링 ... 58 제 2 절 연구대상광산의 암반특성 및 채광법 선정 ... 63 1. 대상지역의 암종별 역학적 특성 ... 63 2. 수압파쇄시험 및 초음파텔레뷰어 검층 ... 90 3. 암반의 공학적 분류 ... 111 4. 대상광체의 채광법 선정 ... 119 제 3 절 Openings 규격 설계기법 개발 및 2차원 layout 도출 ... 127 1. 해석조건 및 방법 선정 ... 127 2. 갱도의 광주 규격 평가 ... 135 3. 채광장 설계기술 개발 ... 148 4. 대상광산의 2차원 layout 설계안 도출 ... 223 제 4 절 광산공정 설계기술 개발 ... 225 1. 대상광산의 발파패턴 개선 ... 225 2. 광산 호이스트 설계용 소프트웨어 개발 ... 238 3. 광산의 개발과 채광 공정평가 기술개발 ... 255 제 5 절 최적 운반방법 선정기법 개발 및 3차원 layout 설계 ... 293 1. 지표수 유동을 고려한 갱구 위치선정기법 개발 ... 293 2. 갱구 위치선정 및 갱외 운반방법 평가 ... 297 3. 갱내 운반방법 평가 ... 305 4. 갱내 및 갱외 최적 운반방법 선정 ... 312 5. 대상광산의 3차원 layout 설계안 도출 ... 314 제 6 절 통기 및 배수 설계기법 개발 및 최적 3차원 layout 도출 ... 316 1. 광산통기 평가 및 개선기술 개발 ... 316 2. 일교차에 의한 자연통기 특성 평가 ... 346 3. 갱도 단일 작업장에서의 국부통기 특성 평가 ... 352 4. 대상광산의 통기 설계기법 개발 ... 367 5. 광산개발에 따른 갱내 유입수 평가 ... 396 6. 대상광산의 최적 3차원 layout 설계안 도출 ... 413제 4 장 목표달성도 및 관련분야에의 기여도 ... 416제 5 장 연구개발결과의 활용계획 ... 427제 6 장 연구개발과정에서 수집한 해외과학기술정보 ... 429제 7 장 참고문헌 ... 433끝페이지 ... 442