초록 ▼

개발결과 요약

연차 목표
○ 한반도 중서부 층서·지구조 규명(II)
- 태안-서산-당진-화성, 강화-인천-옹진 지역 지층분대 및 지구조·층서도 핵심 지질요소 추출
- 대륙충돌 이후 중생대 지각 변형사(남포층군, 부안화산암)
○ 1/100만 한국지질도(개정 3판) 지질범례 확립
- 선캠브리아와 현생이언 암체의 분대 및 지질경계 수정
- 지구조·층서별 암체의 지질범례 설정
○ 지질기반 통합정보시스템 개발
- 지질주제도 아카이브 구축 및 DB, 지질정보 표준화
- 시스템 구축:

개발결과 요약

연차 목표
○ 한반도 중서부 층서·지구조 규명(II)
- 태안-서산-당진-화성, 강화-인천-옹진 지역 지층분대 및 지구조·층서도 핵심 지질요소 추출
- 대륙충돌 이후 중생대 지각 변형사(남포층군, 부안화산암)
○ 1/100만 한국지질도(개정 3판) 지질범례 확립
- 선캠브리아와 현생이언 암체의 분대 및 지질경계 수정
- 지구조·층서별 암체의 지질범례 설정
○ 지질기반 통합정보시스템 개발
- 지질주제도 아카이브 구축 및 DB, 지질정보 표준화
- 시스템 구축: 수집체계 설계, 관리체계 개발, 활용체계 고도화

개발내용 및 결과
○ 강화-인천지역 고원생대 기반암과 중원생대 및 신원생대 변성퇴적암 분대, 중원생대 관입암류의 존재 최초 확인
○ 태안-서산-당진-화성지역 암층서·지구조 암상 단위 설정 및 신원생대 신규 화강암체 확인
○ 대륙충돌 이후, 남포층군의 화산․퇴적층서, 구조특성, 분지충진암의 시·공간적 발달 해석 및 후기 백악기 대륙성 화산호 화산암체의 분포, 암상특징, 형성연대, 지구조적 의미를 규명
○ 1/100만 한국지질도 작성을 위하여 선캠브리아~중생대 화성암체의 SHRIMP 연대측정자료 DB와 지질범례 수립
○ 지질정보 GIS DB 및 고생대/중생대 화성암, 기타 지질기호의 정보표준화
○ iGEOLOGY 구현을 위하여 디지털 야외지질조사시스템(KMapper) 프로토타입 개발, 관리시스템(KGIA)구축 및 MGEO 활용체계 고도화

기대효과
○ 한반도 중서부의 지구조·층서 확립으로 동아시아 지체구조 진화사 정립의 해결 방안 제시
○ 최신 지질정보를 활용한 1/100만 한국지질도(개정 3판) 발간으로 지질·지구조 체계의 토대를 제공하고 세계적으로 우리나라 지질과학계의 학문적 위상을 고취시킴
○ 지질정보 생산에서 DB, 관리, 대국민서비스까지 일원화하는 iGEOLOGY시스템 완성

적용분야
○ 한반도 중서부에 트라이아스기 대륙충돌대 존재 여부와 지각진화사 확립으로 한반도와 동아시아 지각진화 연구 분야에 활용
○ 공공/행정기관, 학술연구기관 등의 정보시스템과 연계하여 온·오프라인 대국민 정보 제공

Abstract ▼

1. Tectonic evolution and stratigraphy of the Mid-western Korean Peninsula
The purpose of this study is to develop new 1:100,000 tectonostratigraphic maps of the Ganghwa-Ansan-Incheon-Tongjin and Seosan-Dangjin-Hwaseong areas in the mid-western Korean Peninsula. The maps help us understand tecton

1. Tectonic evolution and stratigraphy of the Mid-western Korean Peninsula
The purpose of this study is to develop new 1:100,000 tectonostratigraphic maps of the Ganghwa-Ansan-Incheon-Tongjin and Seosan-Dangjin-Hwaseong areas in the mid-western Korean Peninsula. The maps help us understand tectonic evolution of Jurassic and Cretaceous rocks since collision of the Late Triassic. We have been investigated both Ganghwado-Kyodongdo-Seomdo-Yeongjongdo-Yongyu Island since 2015 and Ansan-Gimpo area since 2016, and Taean-Seosan-Dangjin-Hwaseong area,with various research activities including systematic field investigation, compilation of the latest research data, and the up-to-date geochronological analyses such as in situ U-Pb zircon dating. In this report, we summarize the results of SHRIMP U-Pb zircon ages and present the first drafts of the 1:100,000 tectonostratigraphic maps.

The stratigraphy of the Ganghwa-Yeongjongdo Island area is divided as follows: Paleoproterozoic tonalitic gneiss, (migmatitic) biotite gneiss and granite gneiss, Mesoproterozoic Onsuri schist and the basic-intermediate intrusives, Neoproterozoic meta-psammite and pelitic schist, Devonian Yeongjong Schist, Triassic syenite and granitoids, Jurassic biotite granite, volcanic rocks and granitic rocks, and Quaternary unconsolidated sediments. It is interesting that the rare Mesoproterozoic rock in Korea is distributed in Dongmando (1241 ± 10 Ma amphibolite, 1259 ± 10 Ma tonalite), and in Jangbong Island (980 Ma ~ 2480 Ma metapsammite, 980 Ma ~ 2200 Ma pelitic schist). In addition, the Neoproterozoic rocks are first reported in the northwestern Gyeonggi Massif. The stratigraphy of the Ansan-Incheon-Gimpo area is subdivided into sediment-origin gneiss, granite gneiss, and garnet-bearing granite gneiss of Paleoproterozoic, clastic-origin schist, marble, and calc-silicate of Mesoproterozoic, Neoproterozoic quartzite, Triassic syenite, Jurassic granitoids, volcanics, and sedimentary rocks, Cretaceous tuff, and Quaternary unconsolidated sediments. In the Siheung area, Biotite gneiss is of the middle Paleoproterozoic age, which was deposited after 2.17 Ga and had undergone metamorphism at 1849 ± 8 Ma. Porphyroblastic granite gneisses, which are representative of igneous rocks, were emplaced at 1848 ± 13 Ma and metamorphosed at 234 ± 17 Ma in the Triassic period. Granitic gneisses in the Gwangmyeong area were formed at 1857 ± 7 Ma through the high-temperature regional metamorphism. The garnet-bearing granite gneiss in the Gocheon and Gimpo areas is also 1900 ± 4 Ma of Paleoproterozoic. Quartzite layers in the Ansan and Geomdan (Incheon) areas are estimated to be the Mesoproterozoic of 1854 Ma and 1868 Ma, respectively. The youngest age peaks of quartzites in Mokdong and Gaebong of Seoul were 1020 Ma and 1097 Ma, respectively, corresponding to the Neoproterozoic strata. They experienced two stages of regional metamorphism in the late Proterozoic and Permian-Triassic transition period. Foliated granite in the Siheung area was formed through metamorphism at 244.4 ± 2.4 Ma in the Triassic period. Monzonite of the Gomam area (Incheon) emplaced at 168.6 ± 0.4 Ma during Jurassic. Crystalline tuff in the Daegot area(Gimpo) erupted at 108.36 ± 0.4 Ma in the Cretaceous.

This study has also investigated the provenance, emplacement age and metamorphism of the metamorphic and sedimentary rocks distributed in the Hida area.The protolith of Hida orthogneiss emplaced in two periods of about 302 Ma and 254-259 Ma and had been experienced regional metamorphism at 241-247 Ma. Hida orthogneises might be correlated with granitic rocks of the Yeongnam Massif, which has a similar emplacement age. Most of the detrital zircons of the Tetori sandstones were concentrated at the peaks of 218 Ma and 1853 Ma, suggesting a close contact between the Triassic rocks and the middle Paleoproterozoic basement rocks. The provenance of the sedimentary origin of the Tetori Formation in Hida would be the eastern side of the Korean peninsula.

The Seosan-Dangjin-Hwaseong area consists mainly of Paleoproterozoic meta-sedimentary rocks, gneisses (biotite to hornblende-biotite gneisses) and biotite granite in the lowermost parts, Mesoproterozoic granites, Neoproterozoic granites and meta-sedimentary rocks, Paleozoic granites and meta-sedimentary rocks, and Triassic granites and amphibolites. Neoproterozoic granites, Paleozoic meta-sedimentary rocks, and Triassic granites were previously unknown from the Ho-ri and Deoksong-ri area of Palbong-myeon, Seosan. Paleoproterozoic meta-sedimentary rocks mainly comprises pelitic to psammitic schists, quartzite and marbles. The youngest detrital zircon age from the quartzite is ca. 1.86 Ga at the metamorphic overgrowth rims. Paleoproterozoic biotite gneisses are exposed in the western region of Hwaseong running NE-SW trend. The weighted mean SHRIMP zircon U-Pb age is ca. 1.86 Ga. Paleoproterozoic biotite granites are exposed in the Unsan-ri area, Daesan-eup, Seosan and in the Meogu-ri region, Ujeong-eup, Hwaseong, with the weighted mean ages of ca. 1.86 Ga and ca. 1.93 Ga. Mesoproterozoic granites are identified from the Jungwang-ri area of Jigok-myeon, Seosan, with weighted mean age of ca. 1.37 Ga. Neoproterozoic granites from the Godae-ri area of Songak-eup, Dangjin and the Jigok-myoen region of Seosan have weighted mean ages of ca. 845 Ma and ca. 805 Ma. Neoproterozoic biotite granites are found around the Ogok-ri and coastal region of Hanjin-ri, Songak-eup, Dangjin, and the Bongnim reservoir, Bongsan-myeon, Yesan-gun. Their weighted mean ages range between ca. 839 Ma and 821 Ma. Neoproterozoic meta-sedimentary rocks are exposed in Daedeok-dong and Hanjin-ri, Songak-eup of Dangjin, with the weighted mean age of ca. 829 Ma. Paleozoic ages were identified from patchy outcrops of granites and diorites, with weighted mean SHRIMP zircon U-Pb ages ranging from ca. 408 Ma to 395 Ma. The youngest SHRIMP zircon U-Pb age of Paleozoic meta-sedimentary rocks is ca. 440-327 Ma. The SHRIMP zircon U-Pb age of the Triassic granites is estimated as ca. 250-225 Ma.

Mesozoic Chungnam basin is filled with (1) the Nampo Group, recording the Late Triassic to Early Jurassic post-collisional extension and denudation, and (2) the overlying Early to Middle Jurassic rhyolitic tuff and tuffaceous sedimentary rock, which is indicative of an intra-arc mechanical basin subsidence. The gneiss dome in the Oseosan area is likely formed in genetic association with the opening of the extensional basin under the Late Triassic post-collisional setting. The zircon U-Pb ages (ca. 178 to 172 Ma) and geochemical data (volcanic-arc affinity) from the tuff constrain the timing and tectonic setting of the Jurassic basin extension. The new stratigraphic and tectonic frameworks of the Chungnam basin illustrate how the sedimentary basin has tectonically evolved through time. The timing of the basin inversion and contractional deformation in the Late Jurassic to the Early Cretaceous period can be supported by the K-feldspar K-Ar ages of ca. 139 to 106 Ma from stacked rhyolitic tuff, together with available muscovite and illite K-Ar ages from thrust and tectonically-buried shale layer. The geometrical and kinematic characteristics of the contractional deformation structures in the Oseosan-Gwangcheon areas, suggest the northwestward basement-involved reverse faulting, thrusting, and related folding after the southeastward movement. The latter event resulted in the tilting and cutting of the earlier structures. Local occurrence of fault-bounded thin basement sliver is likely due to shortcut faulting during thrust propagation along a steep basement ramp. The occurrence of shortcut fault, together with tilted normal faults, is a prominent evidence for positive basin inversion. The structural inversion and contractional deformation of the Chungnam Basin are possibly due to the Late Jurassic to Early Cretaceous low-angle subduction of the paleo-Pacific oceanic plate beneath the Eurasian continent.

In the southwest region of the Korean Peninsula, four large volcanoes with a maximum diameter of approximately 20 km, form a distinct topographic undulation along the NE-SW-trending Hamyeol Fault. These volcanoes were classified as the Buan, Seonunsan, Wido, and Beopseongpo Volcanics, although the distribution pattern and lithological correlation had not been identified. Each volcanics comprises of various types of pyroclastic, sedimentary, and lava/intrusive rocks. Each volcanic area is composed of remnants of calderas formed by deposition of volcanic rocks from various volcanic eruptions. This indicates that Hamyeol Fault, together with crustal extension, played an important role in volcano formation in this region. SHRIMP U-Pb ages of zircon isolated from each volcanics were as follows. For Buan Volcanics, Cheonmasan Tuff 87.23 ±0.92 Ma; Udongje Tuff 86.79 ±0.71 Ma; Seokpo Tuff 87.30 ±0.99 Ma; and Yujeongje Tuff 86.66 ±0.93 Ma. For Seonunsan Volcanics, Gyeongsusan Tuff 84.9 ±1.1 Ma and Yeongije Tuff 86.61 ±0.67 Ma. For Wido Volcanics, Mangryeongbong Tuff 87.3 ±1.1 Ma. Lastly, for Beopseongpo Volcanics,Seongsan Tuff 87.73 ±0.89 Ma and Gyema Rhyolite 86.2 ±1.7 Ma. These ages indicate that the four volcanics were formed in the Late Cretaceous, during which the areas were major volcanic zones. The ages are comparable to those of the volcanic rocks of the Aioi and Arima groups in Southwestern Japan, suggesting that the Late Cretaceous volcanic arc system was established in a NE-SW direction from the Japanese Islands to the Korean Peninsula caused by subduction of the Ocean Izanagi Plate beneath the Eurasian Plate.

The Gyeokpori and Beolkeumri formations show several types of soft-sediment deformation (SSD) structures. The SSD structures are divided into five types according to their morphological features: 1) slump fold structures, 2) convolute laminations and ball-and-pillow structures, 3) boudinage structures, 4) sediment injection structures, and 5) syn-depositional fault structures such as normal and thrust faults. These SSD structures were possibly induced by earthquakes rather than rapid sedimentation. Also, the results of SHRIMP U-Pb ages from tuff layers (Mangryeongbong Tuff, tuff in the Beolgeumri Formation, and Ttandalae Tuff) indicate that frequent volcanic activities coincide with sedimentation during ca. 86~87 Ma in the Wido Volcanics. These results correspond to those from the Buan, Seonunsan and Beopseongpo volcanics.

2. 1/1,000,000 scale geologic map of Korea (3rd edition)
For publishing of a revised edition on 1,000,000-scale geological map of Korea, we have compiled zircon U–Pb age data of various Archean to Mesozoic rocks from several tectonic domains in the Korean Peninsula, with detailed geological mapping in the areas of geological issues. The Precambrian Nangrim, Pyeongan, Gyeonggi and Yeongnam massifs consist mainly of 1.9~1.8 Ga rocks with rare Neoarchean relics.The Mesoproterozoic sequences are mainly recognized along the marginal area of the western-central Korean Peninsula, together with Late Mesoproterozoic to Early Neoproterozoic arc-related rocks. Minor rift-related Early Neoproterozoic rock is found at the central part of the Okcheon belt. The Early-Middle Paleozoic sequences are mainly recognized in the Okcheon belt. In contrast, the Middle-Late Paleozoic sequences are recognized in the Imjingang belt and the Taean Formation in the western Gyeonggi massif. The Pyeongan Supergroup in the Taebacksan zone of the Okcheon belt is predominantly ca. 320~260 Ma in the Late Paleozoic period. The Mesozoic subduction-related plutonic rocks occurred extensively in the Korean Peninsula together with minor Permian pluton in the northeastern and southeastern Korean Peninsula. The Triassic, Jurassic and Cretaceous plutons occurred at 246~203Ma, 199~165 Ma and 120~65 Ma, respectively. Among the Mesozoic plutons, the Jurassic plutons are predominant in the peninsula. Especially, the extensive and intensive Mesozoic magmatism is punctuated by a major magmatic quiescence at about 165~120 Ma in the peninsula.

Geological field work has been executed in the Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region of the northwestern Sino-Korean Block in order to understand the geological nature of the Taebaeksan Basin, and to update new information into the current 1:1,000,000-scale geological map of Korea. The Cambrian lithological facies and fossil data of the Inner Mongolia region support a broad continuation of the geological framework of the North China Block. However, the duration of break in the sedimentary record during the Cambrian-Ordovician interval appears to be different in places within the Sino-Korean Block. Eastern parts of the Sino-Korean Block, including the Taebaeksan Basin, display weaker trends in sedimentological gaps during the Cambrian-Ordovician time.

KIGAM has installed a continuous Global Navigation Satellite System (GNSS) network at Ol Doinyo Lengai Volcano, Tanzania, in collaboration with Virginia Tech.,USA, and Ardhi University, Tanzania. The network consists of five stations, two of which have a capability of real-time monitoring. Observation raw data are transferred to the database at UNAVCO, USA. We will process the raw data with the GAMIT/GLOBK program to produce GNSS position time series. We will use the position time series to monitor the activity of the volcano in a near-real-time fashion and to model magma chambers. Moreover, the continuous GNSS network will improve our understanding of how the volcano interacts with large-scale motion of East Africa Rift System. The obtained GNSS data are useful because they are from an active volcano, rare in Korea. The experience of GNSS network installation can be applied to Korean volcanoes such as Baekdusan, Hallasan, and Ulleungdo.

3. Construction of the integrated geoscience information system
An integrated geological information system requires rock unit standardization.Main purpose of rock unit standardization in this project is to provide background data to KMapper (a digital geological survey system) and MGEO (a geological information service system). The rock unit standardization reflects viewpoints and interpretations of KIGAM. The result of the standardization is usually called as the lexicon, a dictionary of mapping units of geological quadrangles. We selected 24 standardization features such as rock unit name, computer code, status code, map code, background color, pattern code, pattern color, etc. During the previous two years (2015-2016), we have completed the standardization of 55 units of lower Paleozoic sedimentary rock, 31 units of upper Paleozoic sedimentary rock, 24 units of middle Mesozoic sedimentary rock, 38 units of Cretaceous sedimentary rock and 57 units of Mesozoic intrusive rock. Further study on standardization features like age range and status code is needed.

Geoscience data such as geological and mineral resources are important collections of national information. These have been applied in various fields such as environmental pollution, ground disaster, engineering construction, and geological survey. With increasing demand for making best use, we constructed GIS and Remote Sensing database for geological information. Results of map database are as follows:(1) satellite image thumbnails and their metadata DB, (2) digital geological map in the Chungnam, Honam, Mungyeong, Boeun, Samcheok, Jeongseon, Gangreung, and Pyeongchang coalfields (1:25,000), (3) engineering geology map of the Bonggye, northern part of Daejeon, Uljin, Seognam, Bangnim, southwestern and middle-southern parts of Jeju Island, and Songdong sheets (1:25,000), (4) surficial geology map in the Bonggye, northern part of Daejeon, Bangnim sheets (1:25,000), (5) slope class map in the Bonggye, Northern Part of Daejeon, Uljin, Seognam, Pangnim sheets (1:25,000), (6) digital geological map in the Eoil, Nongam, Ubo and Okdong sheets (1:25,000). A database archive for geologic information is currently in public service.

The construction of the integrated geoscience information system aims at setting up the foundation of component systems for geological survey, information management and public service. In this project, we have developed a digital geological survey system prototype called KMapper (KIGAM Mapper). KMapper operates under the android tablet environment. Users can efficiently use KMapper in the outdoor environment, because the system has functions to enter surveyed data with touch-based interface and to apply various geological symbols which is dynamically changeable according to user input data. As a result of second year of the project, the functions to edit GIS　data and represent dynamic geologic symbols has been added. To use the collected data in the GIS editing system, geological lithofacies symbols have been developed in SVG(Scalable Vector Graphic) format, that can be used in digital geological survey system, GIS editing tool and web GIS system. To verify developed symbols, 1:50,000 geological map of Korea published so far were used and successfully applied. Geoscience information management system called KGIA(KIGAM Geological Information Achive) has also been developed to manage geological data produced by geological surveyors and GIS specialists, and to apply KIGAM rock unit lexicon data used in digital geological survey system and web service.

The MGEO geoscience information system, is the only national geological information service system in Korea, and has been further developed and upgraded with user convenience functions and geoscience information contents. The main upgrades are user participation field survey data memo function, spatial object search function, external file (shp, gpx) overlay function, error reporting function, automatic creation of geology legend and distance / area measurement function. In addition, we added geological contents such as geological information of Korea, newly constructed 1/5000 geological map, and coal field geological maps, and corrected the existing geoscience content errors.

목차 Contents

• 표지 ... 1제 출 문 ... 2최종(2차연도)보고서 요약서 ... 4요 약 문 ... 6SUMMARY ... 10CONTENTS ... 18목차 ... 20제1장 연구개발과제의 개요 ... 22 제1절 연구개발의 목적 및 필요성 ... 22 1. 연구개발의 목적 ... 22 2. 연구개발의 필요성 ... 22 제2절 연구개발 범위 ... 23 1. 연구개발 최종 목표 ... 23 2. 당해연도 연구목표, 연구개발 내용 및 범위 ... 23제2장 국내외 기술개발 현황 ... 25 제1절 한반도 중서부의 층서·지구조 규명 ... 25 제2절 1/100만 한국지질도(개정 3판) 제작 ... 26 제3절 지질기반 통합정보시스템 구축 ... 27제3장 연구개발 수행 내용 및 결과 ... 30 제1절 한반도 중서부 층서·지구조 규명 (II) ... 30 1. 경기육괴 북서부 쥬라기 이전 지층과 화성암류 층서 분대 ... 30 2. 서산-당진-화성지역 지층분대 및 지구조·층서도 지질요소 추출 및 분석 ... 78 3. 쥬라기 남포층군의 퇴적·구조변형의 시공간적 발달 규명과 백악기 화산암의 산상 및 층서 설정 ... 96 제2절 1/100만 한국지질도 (개정 3판) 지질범례 확립 ... 173 1. 한반도 시대별, 지구조별 암석 연대 ... 173 2. 서부 북중국 지괴와 태백산 분지의 고생대 대비 및 고지리 복원 ... 187 3. 탄자니아 Ol Doinyo Lengai 화산 GNSS 상시관측소 설치 ... 198 제3절 지질기반 통합지질정보시스템 개발 ... 203 1. 지질주제도 아카이브 구축 ... 203 2. 시스템 구축: 수집체계 설계, 관리체계 개발, 활용체계 고도화 ... 250제4장 목표달성도 및 관련분야에의 기여도 ... 278제5장 연구개발 결과의 활용 계획 ... 280끝페이지 ... 281