초록 ▼

1. 연구 목표
● Balleny 군도, Adare Trough 주변 신기지체구조 활동 특성 및 화산활동 성인 규명
● 남극 중앙해령의 지구조 활동 및 맨틀특성 연구
● 이들을 통한 서남극 열개구조 진화 이해

2. 연구 내용 및 결과
● Balleny 군도 Adare Trough 주변의 신기지체구조 활동 특성 규명
- 수중음향관측장비 설치 및 1년간 자료 획득
- 수중음향 자료분석으로 1년간 음향특성 분석
- 열개구조 주변의 지열측정결과 다른 지각보다 큰 지열류량을 보임
● 남

1. 연구 목표
● Balleny 군도, Adare Trough 주변 신기지체구조 활동 특성 및 화산활동 성인 규명
● 남극 중앙해령의 지구조 활동 및 맨틀특성 연구
● 이들을 통한 서남극 열개구조 진화 이해

2. 연구 내용 및 결과
● Balleny 군도 Adare Trough 주변의 신기지체구조 활동 특성 규명
- 수중음향관측장비 설치 및 1년간 자료 획득
- 수중음향 자료분석으로 1년간 음향특성 분석
- 열개구조 주변의 지열측정결과 다른 지각보다 큰 지열류량을 보임
● 남극 중앙해령 지각구조 및 맨틀 진화 특성 규명
- 중앙해령 고해상 해저지형도 작성하고 중앙해령의 해저지형이 장기적 기후변화와의 상관성이 있음을 세계최초로 밝힘
- 할로겐 원소 분석을 이용한 남극 중앙해령의 지각/맨틀 성인 규명
- 선상 자력 탐사를 이용한 중앙해령 연령, 확장 속도을 산출한 결과 기존의 결과와 일치됨을 확인
- 지화학 분석으로 중앙해령 열수의 존재 및 위치파악
- 중앙해령에서 채취한 생물의 종특성 파악

3. 기대효과
● Adare Trough 주변의 신기지체구조활동에 대한 이해
● 전지구적 맨틀순환과 남극판 진화의 역할에 대한 국제적 관심 해소에 기여
● Adare Trough에서 남극횡단산맥에 이르는 서남극 열개구조 진화과정에 대한 과학적지식제공

(출처:보고서 초록)

Abstract ▼

IV. R&D Results

1. Investigation of characteristics of volcanic and neotectonic activities around the Adare Trough and the Balleny Islands

(1) Hydroacoustic observation
● Underwater acoustic measurement was conducted for one year around Balleny Islands to detect seismic activities a

IV. R&D Results

1. Investigation of characteristics of volcanic and neotectonic activities around the Adare Trough and the Balleny Islands

(1) Hydroacoustic observation
● Underwater acoustic measurement was conducted for one year around Balleny Islands to detect seismic activities and tectonic activities of the transform faults around Balleny Islands.
● Five hydroacoustic instruments were moored under water near Balley Inslands and three instruments recorded successfully.
● In order to process hydroacoustic data, we completed data processing training in NOAA / PMEL and established data processing system at KOPRI.
● As a result of initial analysis, many earthquake events and icequake events were revealed, and signals from mammals such as whales were also confirmed.
● Initial spectrum analysis of hydroacoustic data shows that the icequake activity shows seasonal characteristics: active in summer and autumn and quite in winter and spring
● By analyzing the hydroacoustic data, it is considered that crustal activities around Balleny Islands can be evaluated, and the study of the activity of the cryosphere and the study of marine mammals are also possible.

(2) Geothermal study
● Geothermal analysis was carried out to identify the geothermal structure of the asthenosphere under the Adare Trough, which has not yet been revealed.
● Eight geothermal measurements were conducted around Adare Trough in the northern part of the Ross Sea
● Geothermal site were chosen based on existing seismic survey line, SBP ground survey, multi-beam seabed topography, and back scattering, distance between bottom sediments, volcanic intrusions and surface sediment strength were considered on site.
● Geothermal measurements indicate that Adare Trough's oceanic geothermal observations are higher than expected. It is presumed as 1) the existence of hotter asthenosphere than normal one beneath the crust, 2) the influence of volcanic intrusions into sedimentary layers after trough formation, or 3)additional heat source when hot fluid flowed into fault layer.
● Additional geothermal measurements for a large area would be required to identify clearly the cause of high geothermal values (3) Analysis of magnetization characteristics
● We analyze spinel mineralization characterization of igneous rocks and sediments to clarify the evolution of WARS.
● Standard specimens were extracted from two gravity core samples obtained from Adare Trough of WARS and measurement of susceptibility, magnetization stability, viscosity, non-magnetic magnetization measurement and demagnetization were conducted.
● The magnetization characteristics of the cored sediments of the Ross Sea show low density and high magnetic susceptibility compared with deep seasediments. This suggests that magnetic minerals containing a large amount of magnetite are continuously flowing into the Adare Trough through the volcanic activity in the Ross Sea region.

2. Study on the crustal structures and mantle evolution characteristics of AAR

(1) Investigation of origin of mantle beneath AAR
● In order to study AAR, marine geophysical and geological surveys were conducted in three times from 2011 to 2016 aboard Araon. In addition, weparticipated in the STORM Cruise operated by France as a joint research on the Southeast Indian mid-ocean ridge.
● SIMS analysis method was applied to analysis of halogen element of basaltic glass collected from AAR
● Analysis of basalt rocks in the STORM area revealed clinopyroxenes, olivine, and plagioclase. The chromite and ilmenite were also observed in the DR19 slice, suggesting that the clinopyroxenes and plagioclase were initially crystallized and the Fe and Ti concentrations increased in the magma phase.
● Thin section observation and geochemistry analysis of the STORM region suggests that the STORM region is presumed not to be originated from thealkali magma, and it appears that the alkali element content increases with time.

(2) Characteristics of seafloor on the AAR
● Using the multi-beam echo sounder installed on the Aron, seafloor mapping was conducted on AAR (KR1 ~ KR3), and seafloor images on the region were produced.
● Topography of the KR1 indicates that there are no segments by large OSC, and the change of the central part and the outer subsurface is very remarkable. In the western part, the topography is similar to lava plateau,and the tip of this part showing hook shaped magma regarded as large amount of magma supply. On the other hand, the width of the lava plateau becomes narrower toward the east, and the small OSC and the rift valley are revealed.
● The KR2 is a ridge with a moderate expansion rate. Along the spreadin axis, a hill-like shape on the west and a valley-like shape on the east areshown. The eastern axis and the western axis are discontinuously separated.

(3) Marine gravity and magnetic Exploration
● In order to reconstruct the spreading of the AAR and the tectonic movement of the adjacent plate, a marine magnetic survey was carried out in KR1
● Magnetic study on KR1 suggests that an expansion rate is 60 ~ 68 mm/yr and the expansion speed is slightly faster from the east to the west of the spreading axis.
● KR1 appears to be Rift-Propagated at about 6 Ma. The expanding direction of the Australian and Antarctic plates changes centered on the KR1, and the Macquarie plate had moved independently within the Australian plate afterwards.

(4) Study on hydrothermal vent biology
● From 14 hot plume samples and surrounding seawater during the CTD tow-yo experiment, we collected microbes and bacteria. Genome sequence analysis was performed on starfishes with 7 arms yeti crabs collected in KR1.
● The microbial gene sequence was secured using the large-scale sequencing method, and three dominant groups and 30 different phylums wereobserved. PcoA analysis confirmed that the microbial community structure on the surface layer shows a distinctive community structure from other samples
● Bacterial florae were identified in 14 plume samples of the central ridge, and 16S rRNA gene sequence analysis shows that they belong to threemajor bacterial groups. Sequence analysis of Bacillus sp. 9F revealed similar to the sequence of Bacillus lichneformis. In the case of heat-resistant bacteria (Oceanobacillus sp. 7A), it is identified as a new bacterial species belonging to Oceanobacillus, showing distinct physiological and biochemical characteristics from those of the related species
● Identification and phylogenetic analysis of Yeti crab(Kiwa n. sp.) collected from KR1 seems to be closely related to Kiwa puravida found in cold methane seep near Costa Rica. And it is considered that it has been diverged 10 million years ago. From the morphological analysis, Kiwa n. sp. is regarded as a new species because of distinguished characteristics from other species in the other hydrothermal areas.
● The genome identification of starfish with seven arms revealed 84% of the entire genome sequence and confirmed 31 genes in the entire mitochondrialgenome sequence. Compared with other species of starfish, 70 % of the genome sequence of the starfish is identical to the most similar species. It implies that the sampled starfish belongs to a new species.

(출처:SUMMARY)

목차 Contents

• 표지 ... 1제 출 문 ... 3보고서 초록 ... 5요 약 문 ... 7SUMMARY ... 11목차 ... 17CONTENTS ... 19제 1 장 서론 ... 21 제 1 절 연구개발 목표 ... 21 제 2 절 연구개발 배경 ... 21 제 3 절 연구 목적 ... 25 제 4 절 연구 범위 ... 27 제 5 절 연구 추진 체계 ... 28제 2 장 국내외 기술개발 현황 ... 30 제 1 절 국내 연구 동향 분석 ... 30 제 2 절 국제 연구 동향 분석 ... 32제 3 장 연구개발 수행 내용 및 결과 ... 35 제 1 절 서론 ... 35 제 2 절 남극하계 현장 탐사 ... 44 제 3 절 Adare Trough 주변지역 지진활동성의 모니터링을 위한 수중음향 관측 ... 49 제 4 절 Balleny 군도, Adare Trough 부근 지각의 지열 특성 연구 ... 71 제 5 절 자화특성을 이용한 남극주변부 해양판의 확장 ... 91 제 6 절 남극 중앙해령 맨틀 성인 규명 ... 113 제 7 절 남극 중앙해령 해저 지형 조사 ... 150 제 8 절 남극 중앙해령 중/자력 탐사 ... 169 제 9 절 남극 중앙해령 해저 열수 생물 특성 연구 ... 193제 4 장 연구개발목표 달성도 및 대여기여도 ... 205 제 1 절 연구개발 목표 달성도 ... 205 제 2 절 기술발전에서의 대외기여도 ... 214제 5 장 연구개발결과의 활용계획 ... 217 제 1 절 기대 성과 ... 217 제 2 절 연구 성과 활용 계획 ... 217 제 3 절 항후 연구 방향 ... 218제 6 장 연구개발과정에서 수집한 해외과학기술정보 ... 227제 7 장 참고문헌 ... 229부록 ... 237끝페이지 ... 293