초록 ▼

최종목표
◦ 전국규모 지질환경정보도 8종 작성
∙ 8개 항목(암종, 광상, 선형구조, 단층, 지진, 융기, 지하수, 지열) 지질환경 정보 검증 및 지질환경정보도 작성
◦ 지질환경정보 검증시스템 개발 및 운영
∙ 지질환경정보 검증시스템(GIVES)을 개발하여 지질환경정보도와 검증 방법을 공개하고 피드백 반영시스템 운영

개발내용 및 결과
◦ 전국규모 지질환경정보도 8종 작성
∙ 암종항목: 1:25만 지질도폭 간에 불일치하는 47곳을 수정한 통합지질도 2019버전 완성
∙ 광상항목

최종목표
◦ 전국규모 지질환경정보도 8종 작성
∙ 8개 항목(암종, 광상, 선형구조, 단층, 지진, 융기, 지하수, 지열) 지질환경 정보 검증 및 지질환경정보도 작성
◦ 지질환경정보 검증시스템 개발 및 운영
∙ 지질환경정보 검증시스템(GIVES)을 개발하여 지질환경정보도와 검증 방법을 공개하고 피드백 반영시스템 운영

개발내용 및 결과
◦ 전국규모 지질환경정보도 8종 작성
∙ 암종항목: 1:25만 지질도폭 간에 불일치하는 47곳을 수정한 통합지질도 2019버전 완성
∙ 광상항목: 16,000여 개의 광산 자료를 통합한 광산분포도 2019버전 완성
∙ 선형구조항목: 선형구조 6,653개로 구성된 선형구조도 2019버전 완성
∙ 단층항목: 1:5만 지질도폭과 1:25만 지질도폭의 단층을 검증 통합한 통합 단층분포도 2019버전 완성
∙ 지진항목: 전문가들이 제시한 8종의 지진지체구조도를 통합한 지진지체 구조구도 2019버전 완성
∙ 융기항목: 기존 절대연령 자료와 이 과제에서 측정한 19개의 융기율 자료를 통합하여 융기율도 2019버전 완성
∙ 지하수항목: 지하수기초조사 완료 지역(116개) DB 구축을 통한 지하수위도 2019버전과 수리전도도 2019버전 완성
∙ 지열항목: 열물성 측정지점 169개, 지온경사 측정지점 263개 추가를 통한 열전도도 2019버전과 지온경사도 2019버전 완성

◦ 지질환경정보 검증시스템 구축 및 운영
∙ 최신 공간정보기술 트렌드인 오픈소스 소프트웨어와 OGC/ISO 개방형 공간정보 표준을 기반으로 웹GIS 시스템을 기반으로 구축, 운영

기대효과
◦ 지질환경정보도 2019버전을 통해서 전국규모 후보부지 선정을 위한 기술적 기반 마련
◦ 지질환경정보 검증시스템을 통해 지질환경정보의 신뢰성과 투명성을 확보하고 HLW 지층처분의 사회적 수용성을 제고
◦ 지질환경정보도는 주민설명 자료로 사용될 수 있으며, 이를 통해서 사회적 수용성 확보에 기여

적용분야
◦ 지질환경정보도는‘고준위방사성폐기물 관리 기본계획’에서 제안한 부지선정 1단계인 전국규모 검토에서 신뢰성 높은 자료로 사용

(출처 : 요약서 5p)

Abstract ▼

1. Producing the scale 1:250,000 geoenvironmental information map for rock types
: The scale 1:250,000 geoenvironmental information map for rock types was produced for HLW geological disposal site selection to secure the long-term geological safety.
We used a total 9 scale 1:250,000 geological

1. Producing the scale 1:250,000 geoenvironmental information map for rock types
: The scale 1:250,000 geoenvironmental information map for rock types was produced for HLW geological disposal site selection to secure the long-term geological safety.
We used a total 9 scale 1:250,000 geological maps, which were produced by Korea Institute of Geoscience and Mineral Resources (KIGAM) for making the geoenvironmental information map for rock types. The 47 areas of inconsistency were identified in the process of integrating between maps, such as inconsistencies of geological boundaries, rock types, and geologic ages, etc. To resolve the inconsistencies, we conducted many works including geological surveys, collecting samples in the field, analyzes for age dating against the inconsistency areas. We produced the 2018 version of the scale 1:250,000 geoenvironmental information map for rock types as a draft through many geological field investigations and analyzes on rocks and regions. Based on integrated the 2018 version map, it was advised and consulted by geological experts for verification of the map. Finally, we modified and made the 2019 version of the scale 1:250,000 geoenvironmental information map for rock types after accepting the comments and advice from geological experts. This map can contribute to select the safe sites for HLW geological disposal.

2. Producing the scale 1:250,000 geoenvironmental information map for mines
: The scale 1:250,000 geoenvironmental information map for mines was made for HLW geological disposal site selection to secure the long-term safety from human invasions in the near or far future. The 2018 version of the scale 1:250,000 geoenvironmental information map was produced based on the location data of mines from Korea Resources Corporation (KORES) as a draft. The map was conservatively made based on a mine lot (1.5 km × 1.8 km) including mines. We corrected the some wrong locations of the mines in detail, those were founded during generating the map. To verified the 2018 version map, we obtained the relatively accurate locations of mines from Mine Reclamation Corporation (MIRECO). Finally, we modified and produced the 2019 version of the scale 1:250,000 geoenvironmental information map for mines based on the detailed comparison and verification processes. It should be provide the useful information for safely prevention of the human’s invasion against the HLW geological disposal site.

3. Producing the geoenvironmental information map for lineament
: The geological lineament reflects the characteristics of various geological parameters and can be used as an important criterion for site selecting such as HLW geological disposal site. Therefore, it is necessary to produce the scale 1:250,000 geoenvironmental information map for lineament for HLW geological disposal site selection to secure the long-term geological safety. For this purpose, we reviewed previous lineament data from the KIGAM(Korea Institute of Geoscience and Mineral Resources) and obtained new lineament data from the field geologists such as structural geologist, paleoseismologist, and geomorphologist. Furthermore, geophysical lineament analysis were also performed using airborne magnetic anomaly map published by KIGAM in 2018 by applying various data processing techinques. In addition, we applied to the Finnish lineament classification method for HLW disposal site selection through the lineament analysis was applied to the lineament data in the Korean peninsula. Finally, we produced the 2019 version of the scale 1:250,000 geoenvironmental information map for lineament and magnetic lineament map 2019 through the detailed comparison and verification processes.

4. Producing the geoenvironmental information map for faults
: The scale 1:250,000 geoenvironmental information map for faults was produced for HLW geological disposal site selection to secure the long-term geological safety. We used both scale geological maps 1:250,000 and 1:50,000, which were produced by Korea Institute of Geoscience and Mineral Resources (KIGAM) for making the geoenvironmental information map for faults. A number of inconsistency were identified in the process of integrating between geological maps, such as inconsistencies of different locations, extensity, and divergent fault recognition, etc. To resolve the inconsistencies, we reflected all fault data from both geological maps. Based on integrated the national scale fault map, it was advised and consulted by structural geology experts for verification of the map. Finally, we modified draft map and made the 2019 version of the scale 1:250,000 geoenvironmental information map for faults taking the comments of structural geology experts.

5. Analysis of existing seismo-tectonic information
: Seismotectonic map was selected to evaluate the seismic hazard factor. In this study, the existing seismo-tectonic structure was collected and analyzed. And the history and instrumental earthquake catalog in all parts of the Korean peninsula, which is essential for making a comprehensive seismo-tectonic map, were supplemented. Using this information, seismo-tectonic maps by expert groups were also suggested. Also a seismo-tectonic map with no subjective intervention was also suggested by applying the K-means clustering method. Finally, a new seismo-tectonic map was prepared by statistically measuring the magnitude of the maximum possible earthquake, which was suggested by expert group.

6. Verification of the uplifting rate during the Holocene, and the east coast of Korea
: In order to discuss the stability of the Korean Peninsula's terrain, it is necessary to accurately understand the patterns of elevation during the Quaternary period. More accurate estimates of the uplifting rate should be made by gathering and interpreting the reliable information relating to sea level fluctuations and coastal terrace formation. The aim of the paper is twofold. Firstly, to examine the sea level fluctuations during the Holocene and to discuss the regional differences in the West Sea, the South Sea, and the East Sea of the Korean Peninsula. Secondly, to confirm the distribution of coastal sediments in the Pohang region on the East Coast of the Korean Peninsula and to discuss the uplifting rates in the East Coast. Considering the elevation of sea level in the early Holocene, the height of coastal terraces in the middle Holocene, and the results of continuous GPS observations, the uplift patterns of Gangwon-do and Jeolla-do are similar. In contrast, in the case of Gyeongsang-do, the uplift rate is high. These regional differences in sea level rise and uplifting rate are closely related to the Korean tectonic maps and fault maps. This correlation can be expected to yield more accurate research results. On the other hand, in the Pohang area, the strata were identified as the sedimentary environment changed from riverine, to lagoon or backswamp, to foreshore or backshore, and to backshore or sand dune environments due to sea level rise about 70,000 years ago. Using this, the uplift rate is about 0.14~0.22 m/ka. These are in close agreement with the uplifting rates calculated using marine terrace sediment. For calculating more accurate uplifting rates, it is necessary to define the past sea level heights.

7. Preparation of geological environmental information map related to groundwater
: Advanced countries regarding HLW repository siting such as Switzerland, Finland and Sweden show that various hydrogeological factors such as hydraulic gradient, groundwater velocity, hydraulic conductivity, and fault characteristics are identified at various sizes and utilized for site selection. However, in Korea, the data mentioned above are scattered in Korea and are not equipped with a unified database, so the database establishment and the national groundwater thematic maps are needed. In this study, 116 basic groundwater national survey reports were collected and basic observation network, short term pumping test, and long-term pumping and recovery test was made database. Based on the collected database, nationwide groundwater thematic maps were developed.

8. Producing the geoenvironmental information map for geothermal
: There are several geothermal conditions for a reservoir for the selection of waste nuclear disposal sites. Heat generated from waste nuclear disposal site is conducted according to the thermal conductivity of the surrounding rock. The higher the thermal conductivity, the more heat is transferred to the large area. In addition, if the thermal conductivity of the surrounding rock is low, the decay heat of waste nuclear disposal site may be accumulated and become overheated. On the other hand, it is important the thermal expansion rate of surrounding rocks, if the thermal expansion of the surrounding rock is large, there is a fear that the rock is cracked and the contamination is spread. In addition, the wastet nuclear disposal site is to be installed at a depth of about 500m or below, and the temperature of the reservoir should not be high considering the heat of decay of nuclear. It must select areas to exclude for these conditions. Then, it is necessary to understand the geothermal conditions among the characteristics of Korean geology. In order to find out the geothermal characteristics of Korea as the geothermal conditions for the selection of waste nuclear disposal sites, the precision of geothermal host system is needed.
Therefore, it is important to secure a lot of data, and also reliable data. Therefore, it is necessary to prepare the geothermal thematic map because we need to know the thermal properties and local temperature distribution of Korean. There are 3773 rock thermal properties data and 1,100 temperature logging data. There were constructed the spatial D/B and spatial analysis was performed using ArcGIS. And A buffering analysis was performed to verify the reliability of the data.

9. Development of Geoenvironmental Information Verification System (GIVES)
: We have developed a geoenvironmental information verification system (GIVES) that can improve the reliability and transparency of data through the data history management from the production, processing and analysis of geoenvironmental information for site selection. The GIVES was developed using the open source web GIS development tool, the latest spatial information technology trend, based on the OGC / ISO open spatial information standard. The geoenvironmental information metadata schema is based on the ISO 19115 geographic information metadata standard, and has been developed to allow users to intuitively search metadata and geoenvironmental maps. In addition, it has been developed as a system with geoenvironment information map management/search/visualization function, metadata management function, web security authentication and convenient user interface.

10. Geoscientific site investigation methodology in stages
: Geoscientific site investigation items, parameters, and investigation methods for each parameter were suggested for the site selection to disposal of HLW in South Korea, based on the three stages, which were proposed by KIGAM in 2016. A total of 17 items and 104 parameters were suggested to evaluate the candidate site for disposal of HLW. Items were composed of rock type, ore, lineament, fault, earthquake, volcano, uplift/subsidence, hydrogeology, geothermy, geochemistry, radionuclide behavior, microorganism, soil, fracture, intact rock, rock mass, and natural hazard. The suggested reasons of parameters were presented. In addition, parameters of each item were classified for each stage. 9 items and 20 parameters in the 1st stage, 16 items and 99 parameters in the 2nd stage, and 15 items and 99 parameters in the 3rd stage were proposed for the three stages. In addition, geoscientific investigation methods of each parameter for each stage were presented. A number of geoscientific investigation methods, which can obtain parameter values, were suggested. The proposed parameters and investigation methods can be used to select crucial evaluation parameters for evaluating the disposal site and apply to obtain parameter values in the field survey.

11. Investigation on URLs and HLW geological disposal system
: This subchapter consists of two parts, i.e. a research on hydromechanical and mineralogical characteristics or rock joint and geochemistry to carry out comprehensive investigation on URLs and HLW geological disposal system. The former compiled and analyzed various information on existing URLs all over the world, then deduced detailed features of the disposal system according to potential host rock types. In addition, important researches, which were conducted at the URLs, were listed to derive demanding research items in further investigation. As a result, a laboratory testing environment, which is capable of applying THMC coupling conditions on rock joints, had been constructed. Then preliminary tests were performed to validate the environment, which showed and guaranteed its applicability under various HM conditions. It would be expected that the testing environment could provide fundamental information on THMC behavior of potential rock type in Korea in further research stages. Meanwhile, morphological and mineralogical analyses of rock joints and their distribution were investigated based on rock core samples from two domestic sites. Also, permeability and porosity as well as effective diffusion coefficient of the intact samples were measured to provide hydrogeological characteristics of several rock types. These fundamental results would be utilized in further site selection process in many ways, which especially deals with characterizing deep underground features of potential geological disposal sites.
This year, we participated in the MaCoTe international collaborative project managed by Nagra at the Grimsel Test Site in Switzerland. As a partner, we got the privilege to access the results and data so far obtained by the existing partners, Nagra (Switzerland), RWM (UK), Surao (Czech Republic), NUMO (Japan), NWMO (Canada), and KIT-INE (Germany). We are planning to emplace our sample into the borehole at the GTS MaCoTe experimental station next year. We expect that the results we have collected so far and will be obtaining would significantly contribute to the development of the Korean disposal system. We have also carried out batch experiments of Cs and Cu sorption on montmorillonite, manganese oxide, and chlorite.
These minerals are a common component in bentonite, redox-active soils and sediments, and fracture-filling materials, respectively. We will use the collected sorption data to develope surface complexation models for Cs and Cu. We expect that the results will expand our understanding of the subsurface behavior of the radionuclide and canister material under varying geochemical conditions.

(출처 : SUMMARY 9p)

목차 Contents

• 표지 ... 1
• 제 출 문 ... 3
• 최종보고서 요약서 ... 5
• 요 약 문 ... 7
• S U M M A R Y ... 9
• CONTENTS ... 15
• 목차 ... 20
• 제1장 연구개발과제의 개요 ... 25
• 제 1 절 연구개발의 목적 및 필요성 ... 26
• 제 2 절 연구개발 범위 ... 29
• 제2장 국내외 기술개발 현황 ... 33
• 제3장 연구개발수행 내용 및 결과 ... 55
• 제1절 1:25만 암종 항목 지질환경정보도 작성 ... 55
• 1. 서론 ... 55
• 2. 1:25만 암종 항목 지질환경정보도 작성을 위한 1:25만 지질도폭 검증 방법과 과정 ... 56
• 3. 1:25만 암종 항목 지질환경정보도 작성을 위한 범례 특성화 및 암종 분포 분석 ... 68
• 제2절 1:25만 광상 항목 지질환경정보도 작성 ... 71
• 1. 서론 ... 71
• 2. 1:25만 광상 항목 지질환경정보도 작성을 위한 검증 방법과 과정 ... 71
• 제3절 선형구조 항목 지질환경정보도 작성 ... 80
• 1. 지형 및 지질 영상자료를 활용한 선형구조도 작성 ... 80
• 2. 항공자력탐사 자료를 활용한 지구물리 선형구조도 작성 ... 105
• 제4절 단층 항목 지질환경정보도 작성 ... 123
• 1. 전국규모 단층분포도(1:25만) 작성 ... 123
• 2. 제4기 단층 ... 151
• 제5절 지진 항목 지질환경정보도 작성 ... 168
• 1. 지진지체구조구도 분석 ... 168
• 2. 우리나라에서의 지진활동 ... 177
• 3. 지진지체구조구도 작성 ... 186
• 제6절 현세 융기율, 동해안 융기율 ... 207
• 1. 현세 융기율 검증 ... 207
• 2. 동해안 융기율 검증 ... 220
• 제7절 지하수 항목 지질환경정보도 작성 ... 227
• 1. 원본 조사 자료 수집 및 검증 ... 227
• 2. 지하수 주제도 작성 기법 ... 233
• 3. 자료의 신뢰성 검토 분석 ... 234
• 제8절 지열 항목 지질환경정보도 작성 ... 297
• 1. 연구 범위 및 방법 ... 297
• 2. 지열자료 공간분석 ... 306
• 제9절 지질환경정보 검증시스템 개발 ... 318
• 1. 서론 ... 318
• 2. 시스템 및 DB 설계 ... 319
• 3. 시스템 개발 ... 333
• 제10절 처분후보부지 단계별 지질환경 조사방법론 ... 340
• 1. 처분후보부지 지질환경 조사요소 분류 체계 개발 ... 340
• 2. 처분후보부지 단계별 조사방법 ... 381
• 제11절 연구용 URL과 처분시스템연구 ... 411
• 1. 불연속면의 수리지질학적/광물학적 특성 연구 ... 411
• 2. 심층처분 지화학부문 연구 ... 431
• 제4장 목표달성도 및 관련분야에의 기여도 ... 493
• 제5장 연구개발결과의 활용계획 ... 501
• 제6장 연구개발과정에서 수집한 해외과학기술정보 ... 505
• 제7장 참고문헌 ... 517
• 부 록 1. 1:25만 지질도 불일치 지역 목록 ... 535
• 부 록 2. 전국 지하수위 분포도 검증 자료 (시군별 좌표) ... 583
• 부 록 3. 지질환경정보도 8종 2019 버전 ... 605
• 끝페이지 ... 629