Europe and the migration of Homo sapiens sapiens may be regarded as one ofthe hottest issues in Paleolithic archaeology and anthropology. Some researchersmaintain that the Homo sapiens sapiens who migrated to Europe after theNeanderthals had the ability to plan and organize activities for survival and toanticipate what might happen in the future, while the Neanderthals lacked thisability. These disadvantageous qualities may have factored in the Neanderthalsinability to compete with Homo sapiens sapiens, thereby leading to theirextinction.The Charente region of South-western France - where the last Neanderthalsresided and early Homo sapiens sapiens migrated to - contains the sites of St.Cezaire and Les Rois which have yielded the human remains that lie at the heartof the so-called “transition” debate. By tracking down the raw material sources ofthe stone tools excavated from the La Quina and Marillac industries andconsidering zooarchaeological results associated with the survival activities of theresidents in the Charente region, I will examine whether there were significantdifferences between Neanderthal strategies for survival and those of early Homosapiens sapiens.My analysis shows that the Neanderthals who resided in this region,compared to Neanderthals residing in the Aquitaine basin, possessed highmobility. I suggest that extremely inequable resources of flint - which was acrucial raw material - would have motivated the high mobility of Neanderthalsin this region. In order to overcome such adverse environments they organizedsurvival activities in systematic ways; ability to anticipate the future was indispensable for planning and organizing their various activities for survival.I conclude, as a result of my research, that the afore-mentioned view whichcontrasts Neanderthal survival strategies to that of early Homo sapiens sapiensshould be revised. I hope further studies about the migration of continental andAtlantic seaboard Neanderthals of the Atlantic seashore, and of contact betweenthem, will provide more comprehensive and holistic perspectives on last phaseof Neanderthal life.