I. Introduction It cannot be denied that there was a great contribution of cheap and experienced female labor force behind the quantum economic growth achieved in the 5 Year Economic Development Plans which have played a crucial role in upgrading the position of Korea in the world as a solid develop...
I. Introduction It cannot be denied that there was a great contribution of cheap and experienced female labor force behind the quantum economic growth achieved in the 5 Year Economic Development Plans which have played a crucial role in upgrading the position of Korea in the world as a solid developing country. Nevertheless, the female workers have not been paid enough attention by the Government and enterprises due to their excesS1ve emphasis on economic growth and profit making policy. Despite the discrimination involved with employment practice, female workers have grown every year, thus creating many problems, especially in wages, promotions, welfare conditions, etc. In view of effective utilization of female labor force, this study has raised such discriminations and problems, and then has proposed possible solutions. . Objective The objective of this study through analysis of current supply-demand situation of labor market in Korea is to provide available information and administrative measures to make best use of female labor force possible. . Method and range As references, domestic and foreign books and publications have been studied for this theoritical analysis attempt that include the following: First, the supply-demand fluctuation of female labor force in the past two decades, and expected availability of the female labor force in the future. Also, the employment structure of the Korean labor market has been analysized to show the discrimination of female workers. Second, the actual state of two major discriminations in employment and wage systems, have been surveyed to help understand the characteristics of Korean female labor market. Third, the existing discriminations in promotion, allocation, training, welfare condition, etc. in the companies that conduct employment policy on the basis of sex equality, are also dealt to prove that the unfair practices still remain even after employment. II. Content With the background of the traditional family system, which has been powerfully influenced by Confucian thought, the economically vulnerable Korean women have been restricted considerably from doing social activities. They even have to face the discrimination in receiving educational investment mainly due to large profit gap for the educational investment of same level between the sexes. Ever since the age of civilization that began in the beginning of the 20th century, a large number of women has participated in economic activities, experiencing such historical turning points as Independence Movement (March 1, 1919), Liberation from Japanese rule (August 15, 1945) and Korean War (June 25, 1950). Expecially, the western democratic system, which was introduced in our country after the liberation from Japanese colonial rule, awakened a new conception of womenhood. And the outbreak of Korean War inforced women to do economic activities in place of men, thus prompting women's participation in social activities. The rapid industrialization had sharply transformed the structure of Korean economy that, in the result, demanded an economical participation by female workers in great numbers. However, the most vocations to which they were alloted were ones of low wage, less skill and non professional. However, the policy of 5 Year Economic Development Plan induced, in its process of achieving the goal of highly economic growth, a large number of cheap female labor force into export industry, chiefly into production line. Nevertheless, they have to absorb a lot of discrimination in receiving the opportunity of vocational education, training etc. on account of female sex. Such unfair practice has gradually degraded the women's labor quality that now causes employment discrimination and labor right unstability. On the other hand, employed women can hardly expect to proceed into such professional areas as administration, technology. They are also under unduly labor conditions in promotion, salary, marriage retirement, age limit retirement which are all helping increase the labor unrest of female workers. In order to avoid possible destruction of female workers' motherhood and bad influence on the next generation as well as to encourage the working morale, following measures are proposed as improvement methods: 1) Wage increase of female workers (to meet minimum living expense) . Curtailment of working time . Improvement of working environment 2) Establishment of special law (for protection of female workers' motherhood and against sex discrimination) 3) Administrative policy to support women workers' selfsaving and self-ruling efforts for welfare improvement (Organization and operation of labor union for protection of female workers by law) III. Conclusion First, the female workers are requested to get away from the premodern way of thinking. Instead, they are required to possess positive attitudes, while employers should reform the established conception of employment. Second, in view of poorly reserved natural resources in Korea, it is very important to develop and enhance the quality of female labor force by providing the women with job education and training like men. Third, an administrative policy must be taken to realize the same work-same wage principle in labor market where the average wage level of female workers is severely low and a considerable wage gap between male and female workers exists. Fourth, some women enjoy the benefits of Labor Standard Law but the majority of women are not under protection of law equally. Such unfair application of law should be corrected from the standpoint of protecting female workers' motherhood in particular. To do so, it is highly desirable to set 60 days as the minimum holiday period of menstruation and parturition as it is prescribed in the labor standard law. And it is also recommended to apply the provisions of the law in more flexiable way like differential application of parturition holiday provision according to the health condition of woman before or after delivery of child. On the other hand, the government should spare no substantial assistance to help female workers be able to have solid pride in their vocations as well as to create a favorable atmosphere for married women.
I. Introduction It cannot be denied that there was a great contribution of cheap and experienced female labor force behind the quantum economic growth achieved in the 5 Year Economic Development Plans which have played a crucial role in upgrading the position of Korea in the world as a solid developing country. Nevertheless, the female workers have not been paid enough attention by the Government and enterprises due to their excesS1ve emphasis on economic growth and profit making policy. Despite the discrimination involved with employment practice, female workers have grown every year, thus creating many problems, especially in wages, promotions, welfare conditions, etc. In view of effective utilization of female labor force, this study has raised such discriminations and problems, and then has proposed possible solutions. . Objective The objective of this study through analysis of current supply-demand situation of labor market in Korea is to provide available information and administrative measures to make best use of female labor force possible. . Method and range As references, domestic and foreign books and publications have been studied for this theoritical analysis attempt that include the following: First, the supply-demand fluctuation of female labor force in the past two decades, and expected availability of the female labor force in the future. Also, the employment structure of the Korean labor market has been analysized to show the discrimination of female workers. Second, the actual state of two major discriminations in employment and wage systems, have been surveyed to help understand the characteristics of Korean female labor market. Third, the existing discriminations in promotion, allocation, training, welfare condition, etc. in the companies that conduct employment policy on the basis of sex equality, are also dealt to prove that the unfair practices still remain even after employment. II. Content With the background of the traditional family system, which has been powerfully influenced by Confucian thought, the economically vulnerable Korean women have been restricted considerably from doing social activities. They even have to face the discrimination in receiving educational investment mainly due to large profit gap for the educational investment of same level between the sexes. Ever since the age of civilization that began in the beginning of the 20th century, a large number of women has participated in economic activities, experiencing such historical turning points as Independence Movement (March 1, 1919), Liberation from Japanese rule (August 15, 1945) and Korean War (June 25, 1950). Expecially, the western democratic system, which was introduced in our country after the liberation from Japanese colonial rule, awakened a new conception of womenhood. And the outbreak of Korean War inforced women to do economic activities in place of men, thus prompting women's participation in social activities. The rapid industrialization had sharply transformed the structure of Korean economy that, in the result, demanded an economical participation by female workers in great numbers. However, the most vocations to which they were alloted were ones of low wage, less skill and non professional. However, the policy of 5 Year Economic Development Plan induced, in its process of achieving the goal of highly economic growth, a large number of cheap female labor force into export industry, chiefly into production line. Nevertheless, they have to absorb a lot of discrimination in receiving the opportunity of vocational education, training etc. on account of female sex. Such unfair practice has gradually degraded the women's labor quality that now causes employment discrimination and labor right unstability. On the other hand, employed women can hardly expect to proceed into such professional areas as administration, technology. They are also under unduly labor conditions in promotion, salary, marriage retirement, age limit retirement which are all helping increase the labor unrest of female workers. In order to avoid possible destruction of female workers' motherhood and bad influence on the next generation as well as to encourage the working morale, following measures are proposed as improvement methods: 1) Wage increase of female workers (to meet minimum living expense) . Curtailment of working time . Improvement of working environment 2) Establishment of special law (for protection of female workers' motherhood and against sex discrimination) 3) Administrative policy to support women workers' selfsaving and self-ruling efforts for welfare improvement (Organization and operation of labor union for protection of female workers by law) III. Conclusion First, the female workers are requested to get away from the premodern way of thinking. Instead, they are required to possess positive attitudes, while employers should reform the established conception of employment. Second, in view of poorly reserved natural resources in Korea, it is very important to develop and enhance the quality of female labor force by providing the women with job education and training like men. Third, an administrative policy must be taken to realize the same work-same wage principle in labor market where the average wage level of female workers is severely low and a considerable wage gap between male and female workers exists. Fourth, some women enjoy the benefits of Labor Standard Law but the majority of women are not under protection of law equally. Such unfair application of law should be corrected from the standpoint of protecting female workers' motherhood in particular. To do so, it is highly desirable to set 60 days as the minimum holiday period of menstruation and parturition as it is prescribed in the labor standard law. And it is also recommended to apply the provisions of the law in more flexiable way like differential application of parturition holiday provision according to the health condition of woman before or after delivery of child. On the other hand, the government should spare no substantial assistance to help female workers be able to have solid pride in their vocations as well as to create a favorable atmosphere for married women.
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