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本 硏究에서는 草地의 放牧管理 技術體系 確立의 一換으로 放牧條件下에서 우리나라의 諸盤條件에 適應力이 강한 orchardgrass草種中 放牧에 適合한 品種의 選定과荳科草種의 選定 및 適正放牧草長 과 放牧强度가 牧草生産性에 미치는 影響을 究明하여 orchardgrass爲主混播草地의 合理的인 放牧體系를 確立하는데 目的을 두고 6年間에 걸쳐 京畿道 水原에 위치한 農村振興廳 畜産試驗場內 圃場에서 실시하였는데그 結果를 要約하면 아래와 같다. 【試驗 Ⅰ】混播草地에서 orchardgrass 品種의 放牧反應 1. orchardgrass품종들의 출수기는 조생계통인 potomac, hallmark 및 syn. 2호는 5월 9일에서 5월 14일 사이였으며 만생계통인 lidacta, rancho 그리고 syn. 10호는 5월 21일에서 5월 25일이었다. 출수기는 조생계통이 만생계통보다 대략 10일정도 빠르게 나타났다. 초형은 조생계통이 직립형, 만생계통은 lidacta와rancho는 直立 또는 半直立型이었고, 合成10號는 半直立型이었다. 2. ha當 乾物收量은 rancho爲主 混播組合( T5 )이 7818kg으로 가장 높았으며 hallmark爲主 混播組合( ...

本 硏究에서는 草地의 放牧管理 技術體系 確立의 一換으로 放牧條件下에서 우리나라의 諸盤條件에 適應力이 강한 orchardgrass草種中 放牧에 適合한 品種의 選定과荳科草種의 選定 및 適正放牧草長 과 放牧强度가 牧草生産性에 미치는 影響을 究明하여 orchardgrass爲主混播草地의 合理的인 放牧體系를 確立하는데 目的을 두고 6年間에 걸쳐 京畿道 水原에 위치한 農村振興廳 畜産試驗場內 圃場에서 실시하였는데그 結果를 要約하면 아래와 같다. 【試驗 Ⅰ】混播草地에서 orchardgrass 品種의 放牧反應 1. orchardgrass품종들의 출수기는 조생계통인 potomac, hallmark 및 syn. 2호는 5월 9일에서 5월 14일 사이였으며 만생계통인 lidacta, rancho 그리고 syn. 10호는 5월 21일에서 5월 25일이었다. 출수기는 조생계통이 만생계통보다 대략 10일정도 빠르게 나타났다. 초형은 조생계통이 직립형, 만생계통은 lidacta와rancho는 直立 또는 半直立型이었고, 合成10號는 半直立型이었다. 2. ha當 乾物收量은 rancho爲主 混播組合( T5 )이 7818kg으로 가장 높았으며 hallmark爲主 混播組合( T2 )이 7013kg으로 가장 낮았지만 유의차는 없었다(P＜0.05). orchardgrass 品種別 乾物收量은 syn. 10호가 6626kg으로 가장 높았으며lidacta가 5768kg으로 낮았지만 역시 유의차는 없었다. 3. 牧草利用率은 hallmark 爲主 混播組合(T2)이 78.2%로 가장 높았고 rancho 위주 混播組合( T5 )이 70.2%로 가장 낮았지만 유의차는 없었는데 조생계통(T1, T2,T3 )이 77.4%로 만생계통( T4, T5, T6 )의 72,9%보다 牧草和用率이 높았다. orchardgrass 品種別 牧草利用率은 rancho( T5 )가 68.6%로 가장 높았으며 lidacta( T4 )가 58.8%로 가장 낮았다(P＜0.05). orchardgrass를 單播한 경우의牧草利用率은 조생계통이 (T1, T2, T3 )이 66.6%로 만생계통( T4, T5, T6 )의64.6%보다 높았다. 4. orchardgrass 混播組合別 粗蛋白質含量은 19.7%~22.8%범위였고, 粗脂肪含量은 6.6%~7.5%였으며, 粗纖維含量은 24.9%~26.2%, 조회분含量은 11.5%~11.9% 그리고 NFE含量은 33.6% ~ 35.4%범위였으나 處理間 유의차는 없었다. 한편 orchardgrass 單播時 粗蛋白質合量을 제외하고는 一般粗成分含量은 處理間에 유의차가 없었다. 5. 牧草植生構成은 어느 처리에서나 90%이상으로 높았으나 混播 組合間에 차이는 크지 않았다. 주초종인 orchardgrass 植生構咸은 년도 및 방목회수가 경과함에따라 어느 混播組合에서나 약간 감소하였던 반면 perennial ryegrass比率은 증가하는 경향이었다. 【試驗 Ⅱ】混播草地에서 荳科草種의 放牧反應 1. ha當 乾物收量은 alfalfa 6kg 播種區( T4 )가 10599kg으로 가장 높았고 red clover를 播種區( T2 )가 9420kg으로 가장 낮았으나 통계적인 유의차는 없었다. 季節別 牧草收量 分布는 處理別로 差異가 없었는데 봄철 51%, 여름철33%, 그리고 가을철 16% 로 나타났다. 秊節別 日當 乾物收量은 處理別로 差異가 없었으며 봄철에 51~63kg, 여름철 53~56kg, 그리고 가을철이 32~43kg였다. 2. 粗蛋白質含量은 alfalfa 播種區( T3, T4 )들이 높았고 red clover區가 가장 낮았으나 반면 NFE舍量은 反對 傾向으로 나타났다. DM 및 OM 消化率은 alfalfa播種區들에서 가장 높게 나타났다. 無機成分 含量은 混播組合間에 큰 差異가나타나지 않았다. 混播組合別 TDN및 kStE는 alfalfa 播種區들( T3, T4 )에서모두 높게 나타났다. 3. 放牧에 따른 土讓硬度는 試驗前 15.5mm에서 3年後 試驗終了時에는 22.6mm로 크게 增加하였으며 季節別로는 越冬後 牧草生育이 開始되는 時期에 土壤硬度가낮았고 가을철에 높았다. 4. 植生構成 變化는 ladino clover 播種區와 red clover 播種區에서 이들 荳科의 植生構成이 減少내지 維持된 반면 alfalfa 處理區들( T3, T4 )에서는 alfalfa植生構成이 增加하여 마지막 牧草 利用時 alfalfa 占有比率은 30%內外로 나타났다. 【試驗 Ⅲ】混播草地에서 放牧草長과 强度가 牧草生産性에 미치는 影響 1. 草長별 년간 放牧回數는 20 ~ 25cm區 10회, 30 ~ 35cm區 8회 그리고 40 ~ 45cm區 6회였으며 방목시 平均草長은 20 ~ 25cm區는 24.3cm, 30 ~ 35cm區는32.9cm 그리고 40 ~ 45cm區는 43.5cm였다. 한편 ha당 목양력은 20 ~ 25cm 强放牧區( T1 )가 1301 AUD였으며 20 ~ 25cm適放牧區( T2 )가 992 AUD, 30 ~ 35cm 强放牧區( T3 )가 1425 AUD, 30 ~35cm 適放牧區( T4 )가 1153 AUD, 40 ~ 45cm 强放牧區( T5 )가 1524 AUD,그리고 40 ~ 45cm 適放牧區( T6 )는 1138 AUD로 나타났다. 2. ha당 乾物收量은 T6(8683kg) ＞ T4(8491kg) ＞ T5(7837kg) ＞ T2(7528kg) ＞ T3(7272kg) ＞ T1(6651kg)순으로 감소되었는데(P＜0.05) 일반적으로 草長이길때 放牧할수록 乾物收量이 높았으며 계절별로는 봄철 ＞ 여름철 ＞ 가을철順으로 낮았다. 3. 방목전후의 ㎡당 목초개체수 감소는 orchardgrass의 경우 40 ~ 45cm 强放牧區( T5 )에서 높았고, perennial ryegrass는 40 ~ 45cm 適放牧區( T6 )에서높았으며 Ladino clover는 40 ~ 45cm 强放牧區( T5 )에서 높았다. 한편 雜草率은 30 ~ 35cm 適放牧區( T4 )에서 가장 낮았으며 20 ~ 25cm 强放牧區( T1 )가 가장 높았다. 4. 방목후 殘草長은 20 ~ 25cm 强放牧區( T1 )가 5.8cm로 가장 짧았으며 40 ~ 45cm 適放牧區( T6 )가 11.0cm로 가장 길었다. 5. 목초이용율은 20~25cm 강방목구(T1)가 81.9%로 가장 높았으며 40~45cm 적방목구(T6)가 62.1%로 가장 낮았다. 放牧草長別로는 30~35cm구(T3, T4)가 75.4%로 가장 높았으며 40~45cm구(T5, T6)가 69.2%로 가장 낮았다. 6. 粗蛋白質含量은 20 ~ 25cm 適放牧區( T2 )가 26.2%로 가장 높았고 粗纖維含量은 40~45cm 적방목구(T6)가 26.8%로 가장 높았고 NFE含量은 40 ~ 45cm强放牧區( T5 )에서 40.4%로 높았다. 7. ADF含量은 40~ 45cm 適放牧區( T6 )에서 30.1%로 가장 높았으며 20~25cm 放牧區( T1 )에서 26.1%로 가장 낮았다. NDf合量은 40 ~ 45cm 適放牧區( T6 )가 61.2%로 가장 높았으며 20 ~ 25cm 强放牧區( T1 )가 57.8%로 가장 낮았다. 8. DDM은 20 ~ 25cm 强放牧( T1 )에서 73.1%로 가장 높았고 40 ~ 45cm 適放牧( T6 )에서 65.5%로 가장 낮았다. DMI도 20 ~ 25cm 强放牧( T1 )이 2.1%로가장 높았고 40 ~ 45cm 適放牧( T6 )에서 1.9%로 가장 낮았다. RFV는 20~25cm 强放牧( T1 )에서 117.6으로 가장 높았고 40 ~ 45cm 適放牧( T6 )에서96.5로 가장 낮았다. 9. 混播組合中에 가장 양호한 牧草植生構咸은 30 ~ 35cm 適放牧區( T4 )에서 가장 높았다. 以上의 試驗結果를 종합하여 볼 때 放牧利用애 적합한 orchardgrass는 早生種으로는 potomac 혹은 合成 2號, 晩生種 으로는 合成 10號였다. 混播草地에서 荳科草種으로 旣存 使用된 ladino clover 대신 alfalfa가 有利하였으며 ha當 播種量은3kg이 適當하였다. 적절한 放牧時期는 草長基準으로 할때 25 ~ 35cm 內外였으며 放牧强度는 適放牧으로 하는 것이 草地의 維持 管理面에서 바람직하였다.

Abstract ▼ AI-Helper

This experiment was conducted to detect basic data for grazing management with cattle in the cultivated grassland in Livestock Experiment Station at Suwon from 1986 to 1991. Major objects of this experiment were to detect the grazing response to orchardgrass(Dactylis glomerata L.) varieties at the c...

This experiment was conducted to detect basic data for grazing management with cattle in the cultivated grassland in Livestock Experiment Station at Suwon from 1986 to 1991. Major objects of this experiment were to detect the grazing response to orchardgrass(Dactylis glomerata L.) varieties at the condition of monocultures and mixed pastures and to find out the grazing response to legume species at the grasses-dominated pastures and to study the effect of grazing stage and intensity on dry matter yields, herbage utilization, chemical compsition, energy production and botanical composition at the pastures. The results obtained are as follows: 【 Experiment Ⅰ】 1. Heading date of late varieties among orchardgrass(Dactylis glomerata L.) was mid-May(Early varieties) and late-May in Late varieties, respectively. There are not different in heading date and characteristics of leaf type were showed erect( Early var. ) and Lidacta and Rancho were erect or semi- erect and Syn. 10 was semi-erect among late varieties. 2. In Dry matter production per ha, mixtures with Rancho variety( T5 ) was the highest as 7818kg and mixture with Hallmark( T2 ) was as 7013kg. But there was no different( p＞ 0.05 ) among varieties. Among the orchardgrass varieties, Syn. No.10 was the highest( 6626kg/ha ) and Lidacta was lowest( 5775kg/ha ) but no defferent (p ＞ 0.05). 3. Mixture with Hallmark variety( T2 ) was the highest as 78.2% and with Rancho variety( T5 ) was the lowest as 70.2% in herbage utilization but there was no different( p ＞ 0.05). On the other hand, in early varieties of mixtures( 77.4% ) were higher than that of late( 72.9% ). But in monocultures Rancho variety( T5 ) was the highest as 68.6% and Lidacta variety( T4 ) was the lowest as 58.8%. On the other hand, early type( 66.6% ) were higher than that of late( 64.6% ). 4. The range of crude protein content of 6 mixed pasture was from 19.7% to 22.8% , ether extracts( from 6.6% to 7.5% ), crude fiber content( from 24.9% to 26.2% ), ashes( from 11.5% to 11.9% ) and NFE content( from 33.6% to 35.4 % ), respectively. But there were no different( p ＞ 0.05 ). On the other hand, in monocultures all components except crude protein were appeared no different( p ＞ 0.05). 5. In botanical composition there was little different among mixed pasture, having 90% or more in grass rate. The rates of each orchardgrass varieties were decreased but perennial ryegrass(Lolium pereenne L. ) increased as season was progressed. 【 Experiment Ⅱ 】 1. In dry matter yields per ha, mixed pasture with alfalfa(Medicago sativa L.) 6 kg seeding plot( T4 ) was the highest as 10,599kg and with red clover ( Trifolium pratense L. ) seeding plot( T2 ) was the lowest as 9420kg. But there was not significant. Seasonal dry matter production( daily production/ha ) were 51%( 59kg ) in spring, 33%( 55kg ) in summer and 16%( 37kg ) in autumn, but there were no difference among the treatments. 2. Crude protein content of mixed pasture including alfalfa was more higher, but was the lowest in red clover. Otherwise NFE content showed reverse trend. Among mixed pastures there were a little difference in mineral contents. Energy production( TDN and kStE ) of mixed pastures including alfalfa showed more production. 3. Soil hardness in the 10cm of top soil by grazing cattle was changed from 15.5 mm at starting year to 22.6mm after 3rd year. Generally it was low in early spring and high in autumn. 4. Botanical composition of mixed pastures involving ladino clover( Trifoliumm repense L. ) and red clover were decreased or maintained, but including alfalfa was steadily increased and finally was showed about 30% level in ratio of alfalfa. 【 Experiment Ⅲ 】 1. Yearly grazing frequency were 10 times( 20 ~ 25cm ), 8 times( 30 ~ 35cm ), and 6 times( 40 ~ 45cm ), respectively. Animal Unit( AU ) per ha of 20 ~ 25 cm high grazing plot( T1 ) was 1301 AU, 20 ~ 25cm moderate grazing plot( T2 ) was 992 AU, 30 ~ 35cm high( T3 ) was 1425 AU, 30 ~ 35cm moderate( T4 ) was 1153 AU, 40 ~ 45cm high( T5 ) was 1524 AU and 40 ~ 45cm moderate( T6 ) was 1138 AU. 2. Dry matter production per ha were appeared to high in line with T6( 8683kg ) ＞ T4( 8491kg ) ＞ T5( 7837kg ) ＞ T2( 7528kg ) ＞ T3( 7272kg ) ＞ T1( 6651kg ). The much more grass length, the higher in dry matter( DM ) production and daily DM production. DM yields of high grazing( 1.5X ) was lower than that of moderate grazing(X) and showed high yields in line with spring, summer and autumn. 3. In the changes of plant number of orchardgrass varieties, T4 was the lowest and T5 was the highest. In perennial ryegrass T1 was not changed, but T6 was the highest. In ladino clover T3 was the lowest, T5 was the highest. Otherwise, weeds rate of T4 was the lowest, T1 was the highest. 4. T1 was appeared to the lowest as 5.8cm and T6 was the length as 11.0cm in average grass length after each grazing. 5. In herbage utilization T1 was the highest as 81.9% and T6 was the lowest as 62.1%. On the other hand, in grazing length 30 ~ 35cm plot(T3, T4) was the highest as 75.4% and 40 ~ 45cm plot(T5, T6) was the lowest as 69.2%. 6. Crude protein content before grazing of T2 was the highest as 26.2%, T6 was the lowest as 19.0% and crude fiber content of T6 was the highest as 26.8%, T3 was the lowest as 22.8%. NFE content of T5 was the highest 40.4% T1 was the lowest as 34.4 %. 7. ADF content of T6 was the highest as 30.1% and T1 was the lowest as 26.1%. NDF content of T6 was the highest as 61.2% and T1 was the lowest as 57.8%. 8. DDM of T1 was the highest as 73.1% and T6 was the lowest as 65.5%, also DM1 of T1 was the highest as 2.1% and T6 was the lowest as 1.9%. RFV showed same trend like DDM and DM1, therefore T1 was the highest as 117.6 and T6 was the lowest as 96.5. 9. The most diserable mixture considering the grass rate, weeds rate and bareland was 30 ~ 35cm with moderate grazing plot( T4 ). In conclusion, of orchardgrass species which was used at mixed pastures, it was detected that Potomac or Synthesis to.2 variety as early type or Synthesis No.10 variety as late type were suitable. On the other hand, the results as mentioned was showed alfalfa(Medicago sativa L. ) was able to substitute for ladino clover in the mixed pastures and seeding rate per 10a was 0.3kg. It was desirable to graze moderately when grass length was 24 ~ 33cm as imposing grazing stage at pastures.

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