The purpose of this study is to analyze user needs of university libraries for design of user-centered information retrieval system. To do this, the theoretical backgrounds about user-centered information retrieval study has been considered first, and then established the new concept of "user-center...
The purpose of this study is to analyze user needs of university libraries for design of user-centered information retrieval system. To do this, the theoretical backgrounds about user-centered information retrieval study has been considered first, and then established the new concept of "user-centered" suitable for current digital environment. On the basis of this, 6 kinds of basic system design factors necessary for user-centered information retrieval system design of the university libraries are derived. The user needs which should be considered for system design are examined and analyzed through the questionnaires made by user-centered approach according to the design factors. The result of this study can be summarized as follows : First, the concept of 'users-centered' in digital environment where the supporting role of intermediaries is growing bigger than before in the interaction with remote information retrieval system can be defined as the new concept of 'expansion of knowledge'. Second, user needs according to design factors of user-centered information retrieval system and the system design principles are as follows : 1) The information needs of users are mostly personal, and informations are used for identification of alternative courses of actions, recognition of the problem, and evaluation of the alternatives in order to select a course of action. And also users feel the difficulties in search of information and insufficient digitalization of necessary data. Therefore, information retrieval system needs to design differently according to variable types of information needs. 2) Users find it difficult to use specialized terms when they express their information need to the system and feel the necessity of experts who can help their information need and tools which can be helpful in selection of query. For this, statement of users information need and users knowledge of the situation should be connected with adequate informant. The mechanism which connects the knowledge structure of users and the knowledge of experts in order to magnify the linguistic knowledge of users should be established. And also it is needed to reduce the social restricts which interrupt the expression of information need. 3) The expertise of users are generally low. The users do not use the boolean operators when they use the information retrieval system. Furthermore, the general understanding about hypertext system are quite low. Therefore we should focus on the device- independent external tasks rather than internal tasks like procedural knowledge which cannot effect the retrieval procedure. 4) Users do not know the information source they want to search, and perceive that there are not many information source appropriate for the retrieval purposes. They perceive the need that perspectives of the contents and usages had better be expressed. Users perceive the necessity of individual informants and prefer the connection through electronic method. Furthermore they asked the digitalization of academic materials. Therefore the information sources which are dealt in information retrieval system should be selected according to the types of information needs. 5) In the interaction with the system, most users prefer the mixture of text and graphic, and there is a tendency to confirm only the data fields which are located in certain places. The evaluation of the adequacy of the result of retrieval are being done subjectively and additional information for the evaluation(the summary of the subject, index, and the contents) are needed. Thus the system design for the maintaining the interaction should minimize the cognitive load for the completion of the users' information tasks. And to acquire the secondary search strategy from the first search result, system need the information search road map which were accumulated from thousands of users scripts and experience. 6) Users perceive the necessity of highlighting, colour, icon, window, and work space by mouse in the display, and prefer the menu driven interaction in the interaction of information system. Users said that they seldom use the help message and they do not useful information from the help message. Therefore, the display format of the user-centered information retrieval system should be designed in the terms of the cognitive characteristics of the users.
The purpose of this study is to analyze user needs of university libraries for design of user-centered information retrieval system. To do this, the theoretical backgrounds about user-centered information retrieval study has been considered first, and then established the new concept of "user-centered" suitable for current digital environment. On the basis of this, 6 kinds of basic system design factors necessary for user-centered information retrieval system design of the university libraries are derived. The user needs which should be considered for system design are examined and analyzed through the questionnaires made by user-centered approach according to the design factors. The result of this study can be summarized as follows : First, the concept of 'users-centered' in digital environment where the supporting role of intermediaries is growing bigger than before in the interaction with remote information retrieval system can be defined as the new concept of 'expansion of knowledge'. Second, user needs according to design factors of user-centered information retrieval system and the system design principles are as follows : 1) The information needs of users are mostly personal, and informations are used for identification of alternative courses of actions, recognition of the problem, and evaluation of the alternatives in order to select a course of action. And also users feel the difficulties in search of information and insufficient digitalization of necessary data. Therefore, information retrieval system needs to design differently according to variable types of information needs. 2) Users find it difficult to use specialized terms when they express their information need to the system and feel the necessity of experts who can help their information need and tools which can be helpful in selection of query. For this, statement of users information need and users knowledge of the situation should be connected with adequate informant. The mechanism which connects the knowledge structure of users and the knowledge of experts in order to magnify the linguistic knowledge of users should be established. And also it is needed to reduce the social restricts which interrupt the expression of information need. 3) The expertise of users are generally low. The users do not use the boolean operators when they use the information retrieval system. Furthermore, the general understanding about hypertext system are quite low. Therefore we should focus on the device- independent external tasks rather than internal tasks like procedural knowledge which cannot effect the retrieval procedure. 4) Users do not know the information source they want to search, and perceive that there are not many information source appropriate for the retrieval purposes. They perceive the need that perspectives of the contents and usages had better be expressed. Users perceive the necessity of individual informants and prefer the connection through electronic method. Furthermore they asked the digitalization of academic materials. Therefore the information sources which are dealt in information retrieval system should be selected according to the types of information needs. 5) In the interaction with the system, most users prefer the mixture of text and graphic, and there is a tendency to confirm only the data fields which are located in certain places. The evaluation of the adequacy of the result of retrieval are being done subjectively and additional information for the evaluation(the summary of the subject, index, and the contents) are needed. Thus the system design for the maintaining the interaction should minimize the cognitive load for the completion of the users' information tasks. And to acquire the secondary search strategy from the first search result, system need the information search road map which were accumulated from thousands of users scripts and experience. 6) Users perceive the necessity of highlighting, colour, icon, window, and work space by mouse in the display, and prefer the menu driven interaction in the interaction of information system. Users said that they seldom use the help message and they do not useful information from the help message. Therefore, the display format of the user-centered information retrieval system should be designed in the terms of the cognitive characteristics of the users.
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