A structure could be damaged by natural disaster such as earthquakes, storms and floods and mistakes done by human beings including a fire. The damage of fire has brought big individual and national losses of property. For the last 10 years, the fire incidents have increased by 10.2% every year. The...
A structure could be damaged by natural disaster such as earthquakes, storms and floods and mistakes done by human beings including a fire. The damage of fire has brought big individual and national losses of property. For the last 10 years, the fire incidents have increased by 10.2% every year. The number of people killed by a fire has increased by 6.3% every year. The loss of property has increased by 26.1% every year. Building fire resistance design is to determine how to accomplish the objective of fire resistance structure including the personal safety and protection of property in case of fire. Current fire resistance design in Korea applies prescriptive performance regulations of fire resistance construction that stipulate uniform fire resistance performance for all purpose, size and floors of building in accordance with the technical standards prescribed in the law and regulation of construction. However, advanced countries including USA, UK, Sweden and Japan utilize performance fire resistance design which evaluates and mechanical feature of structural materials, standard value of thermal conduction and thermal properties of materials in order to select the structure and member suitable for fire resistance performance and to establish the fire resistance performance of building in accordance with fire load, size of fire zone, quantity and types of indoor combustible materials in consideration of types and feature of building along with prescriptive fire resistance structure standard as in Korea. Accordingly, it is urgently required to prepare the technical foundation in order to apply stable and economic fire resistance structures suitable for conditions of building, through development of reasonable fire resistance design and program in applying the fire resistance structure of building, rather than application of uniform fire resistance structure. It performed fire loads study to establish fire resistant design database. This paper introduces high-performance fire resistant design. It tries to establish fire resistant design database with the study on the standard value of thermal conduction, heat characteristics of structural materials to introduce high-performance fire resistant design to Korea. It requires classification of structures, consistent investigation of fire loads, calculation of invested fire loads and statistical technique of obtaining reliable data to establish fire resistant design database. It suggests the data for fire loads for each usage and basic data for introducing fire resistant design method. The following shows the way to investigate fire loads, reliable fire loads for each usage. ① Calculating and studying fire loads ② Classifying the targeted fire resistant structures ③ Extracting field investigation factors and arranging the investigation method ④ Examining fire loads statistically ⑤ Providing fire loads of investigated structures and suggesting fire loads calculation process ⑥ Comparing the fire loads with the other study results The following is the result of study on fire loads values for each usage. 1. The size of floor is measured to calculate the fire loads. It is changed to the same weight of woods. When calculating fire loads, it used the unit heat radiation of each material and coefficients of furniture and the positioning condition of the furniture to change the valid combustible materials to fire loads. 2. The fire loads for educational facilities are classified into library and the other rooms. The fire loads of libraries in elementary, middle and high schools were between 11~16kgf/㎡. In the case of teacher's room, science room, health room, general classroom and computer room, the fire loads in elementary schools were between 11~16kgf/㎡ and the fire loads in middle and high schools were between 9~13kgf/㎡. It shows that the fire loads in elementary schools were higher than those of middle and high schools. The fire loads of general offices were between 16~35kgf/㎡. The average was 25kgf/㎡. In the case of sales stores, the fire loads were between 17~32kgf/㎡. The average was 24kgf/㎡. The average fire loads of a main room of a house were 32kgf/㎡. The average fire loads of a small room of a house were 31kgf/㎡. The average fire loads of a living room of a house were 18kgf/㎡. It shows that the main room has the highest fire loads. The houses and apartments in Seoul and Kyunggi area showed similar life pattern. Statistical analysis found that they had similar average and distribution. So it is analyzed that they can be integrated. But houses in agricultural villages and fishing villages that have different life patterns need more information for fire loads. 3. It suggested fire loads values for each usage with the reliability degree of 90, 95 and 99% after statistical analysis on the investigated fire loads. It suggested the number of samples that could estimate average value of a population. It could be used in the future investigation. It is desirable to use this fire loads values that are suggested for each reliability degree before performing an investigation that meets the number of samples. It will acquire more stable data after investigating various usages adding to these four investigated usages. It will reinvestigate it after some period to establish fire loads database. Further more, it will study the standard value of thermal conduction of construction materials, calorific value and heat characteristics of structure material. Then it will be possible to introduce
A structure could be damaged by natural disaster such as earthquakes, storms and floods and mistakes done by human beings including a fire. The damage of fire has brought big individual and national losses of property. For the last 10 years, the fire incidents have increased by 10.2% every year. The number of people killed by a fire has increased by 6.3% every year. The loss of property has increased by 26.1% every year. Building fire resistance design is to determine how to accomplish the objective of fire resistance structure including the personal safety and protection of property in case of fire. Current fire resistance design in Korea applies prescriptive performance regulations of fire resistance construction that stipulate uniform fire resistance performance for all purpose, size and floors of building in accordance with the technical standards prescribed in the law and regulation of construction. However, advanced countries including USA, UK, Sweden and Japan utilize performance fire resistance design which evaluates and mechanical feature of structural materials, standard value of thermal conduction and thermal properties of materials in order to select the structure and member suitable for fire resistance performance and to establish the fire resistance performance of building in accordance with fire load, size of fire zone, quantity and types of indoor combustible materials in consideration of types and feature of building along with prescriptive fire resistance structure standard as in Korea. Accordingly, it is urgently required to prepare the technical foundation in order to apply stable and economic fire resistance structures suitable for conditions of building, through development of reasonable fire resistance design and program in applying the fire resistance structure of building, rather than application of uniform fire resistance structure. It performed fire loads study to establish fire resistant design database. This paper introduces high-performance fire resistant design. It tries to establish fire resistant design database with the study on the standard value of thermal conduction, heat characteristics of structural materials to introduce high-performance fire resistant design to Korea. It requires classification of structures, consistent investigation of fire loads, calculation of invested fire loads and statistical technique of obtaining reliable data to establish fire resistant design database. It suggests the data for fire loads for each usage and basic data for introducing fire resistant design method. The following shows the way to investigate fire loads, reliable fire loads for each usage. ① Calculating and studying fire loads ② Classifying the targeted fire resistant structures ③ Extracting field investigation factors and arranging the investigation method ④ Examining fire loads statistically ⑤ Providing fire loads of investigated structures and suggesting fire loads calculation process ⑥ Comparing the fire loads with the other study results The following is the result of study on fire loads values for each usage. 1. The size of floor is measured to calculate the fire loads. It is changed to the same weight of woods. When calculating fire loads, it used the unit heat radiation of each material and coefficients of furniture and the positioning condition of the furniture to change the valid combustible materials to fire loads. 2. The fire loads for educational facilities are classified into library and the other rooms. The fire loads of libraries in elementary, middle and high schools were between 11~16kgf/㎡. In the case of teacher's room, science room, health room, general classroom and computer room, the fire loads in elementary schools were between 11~16kgf/㎡ and the fire loads in middle and high schools were between 9~13kgf/㎡. It shows that the fire loads in elementary schools were higher than those of middle and high schools. The fire loads of general offices were between 16~35kgf/㎡. The average was 25kgf/㎡. In the case of sales stores, the fire loads were between 17~32kgf/㎡. The average was 24kgf/㎡. The average fire loads of a main room of a house were 32kgf/㎡. The average fire loads of a small room of a house were 31kgf/㎡. The average fire loads of a living room of a house were 18kgf/㎡. It shows that the main room has the highest fire loads. The houses and apartments in Seoul and Kyunggi area showed similar life pattern. Statistical analysis found that they had similar average and distribution. So it is analyzed that they can be integrated. But houses in agricultural villages and fishing villages that have different life patterns need more information for fire loads. 3. It suggested fire loads values for each usage with the reliability degree of 90, 95 and 99% after statistical analysis on the investigated fire loads. It suggested the number of samples that could estimate average value of a population. It could be used in the future investigation. It is desirable to use this fire loads values that are suggested for each reliability degree before performing an investigation that meets the number of samples. It will acquire more stable data after investigating various usages adding to these four investigated usages. It will reinvestigate it after some period to establish fire loads database. Further more, it will study the standard value of thermal conduction of construction materials, calorific value and heat characteristics of structure material. Then it will be possible to introduce
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