The purpose of this dissertation is to investigate the meanings and function of the English time adverbials in relation to tense and aspect, and to analyse the semantics of tense and aspect in the scholarly grammarians' views. There appears to be more than one linguistic form which can represent the...
The purpose of this dissertation is to investigate the meanings and function of the English time adverbials in relation to tense and aspect, and to analyse the semantics of tense and aspect in the scholarly grammarians' views. There appears to be more than one linguistic form which can represent the aspectual meaning in a language. To put it another way, lexical meaning (or potential aspectual property of word meaning), form of verb, form of noun (singular vs. plural, mass noun vs. countable noun), adverbials, tense, etc, mutually contribute to the aspectual properties of utterance. Verbs are the central element among them but tense and adverbials are very important for the analysis of aspect. The properties of concurrence can be observed by specifying the properties of each verbal category. However, the verb has a relation with the subject or the object of a sentence, adverbials, properties of a sentence, sometimes even extra-linguistic contexts, though it cannot always be classified in a category in all environments. Chapter 2 is to examine general characteristics of tense and aspect. That is to say, tense relates actions, events and time of states and time of utterance while aspect indicates aspect to consider the internal structure of a certain state. As there are a variety of views about the meaning of perfect form indicating grammatical aspect, the question whether perfect form belongs to which category (whether it belongs to a phenomenon of tense or aspect) is also controversial. As progressive tense form is defined beyond indicating progress of actions, embracing the meanings of progressive actions, continued states and temporary states, no agreement has not been achieved yet. Verbs relating to aspect has a great importance in the study of aspect. Tense has an inseparable relation with aspect. This study is to compare the tense with aspect shielded by the form, and examine a general theory. And then, it categorized the aspect into perfect and future forms to point out problems in theories presented by many researchers. Chapter 3 deals with tense and time adverbials. Time is common to all mankind, and is independent of language. On the other hand, tense varies in different languages and is used to express time-relations. Jespersen(1931) claims that time is divided into two parts, the past and the future, and the point of division is the present moment. According to Reichenbach(1974), the distinction of tense is between the relationships of three points along a time-line: speech time, event time, and reference time. The past tense refers to states, habits, and repeated actions in the past. It is used when the time is related to a definite time in the past, in contrast with an indefinite time of the present perfect. The past tense is often used to make a request indirectly and more politely than the present tense. Chapter 4 is to discuss correlation between meanings represented by aspect and time adverbials. identified characteristics of the aspect English time adverbials have, and described them formally in order to clearly solve existing problems in adverbials description, and identify meaning characteristics of time adverbials. That is, based on aspect classification of verb phrases presented by Vendler. In particular, it outlined boundary and non-boundary based on meaning differentiation of aspect of descriptive verbs developed by Dowty, and noun phrases, and demonstrated that present perfect aspect has both meanings of tense and aspect while progressive aspect has only a meaning of aspect. That is, this study examined what meaning various types of progressive circumstances have according to different types of verbs and objects. In progressive aspect, it was thought that the result can provide clues to identify difference between aspect and tense. Chapter 5, this study concludes that English aspect and time adverbials are important verbal categories deserving further study, and that the slightly different characteristics in the perfect and progressive forms should possibly be considered from many points of view.
The purpose of this dissertation is to investigate the meanings and function of the English time adverbials in relation to tense and aspect, and to analyse the semantics of tense and aspect in the scholarly grammarians' views. There appears to be more than one linguistic form which can represent the aspectual meaning in a language. To put it another way, lexical meaning (or potential aspectual property of word meaning), form of verb, form of noun (singular vs. plural, mass noun vs. countable noun), adverbials, tense, etc, mutually contribute to the aspectual properties of utterance. Verbs are the central element among them but tense and adverbials are very important for the analysis of aspect. The properties of concurrence can be observed by specifying the properties of each verbal category. However, the verb has a relation with the subject or the object of a sentence, adverbials, properties of a sentence, sometimes even extra-linguistic contexts, though it cannot always be classified in a category in all environments. Chapter 2 is to examine general characteristics of tense and aspect. That is to say, tense relates actions, events and time of states and time of utterance while aspect indicates aspect to consider the internal structure of a certain state. As there are a variety of views about the meaning of perfect form indicating grammatical aspect, the question whether perfect form belongs to which category (whether it belongs to a phenomenon of tense or aspect) is also controversial. As progressive tense form is defined beyond indicating progress of actions, embracing the meanings of progressive actions, continued states and temporary states, no agreement has not been achieved yet. Verbs relating to aspect has a great importance in the study of aspect. Tense has an inseparable relation with aspect. This study is to compare the tense with aspect shielded by the form, and examine a general theory. And then, it categorized the aspect into perfect and future forms to point out problems in theories presented by many researchers. Chapter 3 deals with tense and time adverbials. Time is common to all mankind, and is independent of language. On the other hand, tense varies in different languages and is used to express time-relations. Jespersen(1931) claims that time is divided into two parts, the past and the future, and the point of division is the present moment. According to Reichenbach(1974), the distinction of tense is between the relationships of three points along a time-line: speech time, event time, and reference time. The past tense refers to states, habits, and repeated actions in the past. It is used when the time is related to a definite time in the past, in contrast with an indefinite time of the present perfect. The past tense is often used to make a request indirectly and more politely than the present tense. Chapter 4 is to discuss correlation between meanings represented by aspect and time adverbials. identified characteristics of the aspect English time adverbials have, and described them formally in order to clearly solve existing problems in adverbials description, and identify meaning characteristics of time adverbials. That is, based on aspect classification of verb phrases presented by Vendler. In particular, it outlined boundary and non-boundary based on meaning differentiation of aspect of descriptive verbs developed by Dowty, and noun phrases, and demonstrated that present perfect aspect has both meanings of tense and aspect while progressive aspect has only a meaning of aspect. That is, this study examined what meaning various types of progressive circumstances have according to different types of verbs and objects. In progressive aspect, it was thought that the result can provide clues to identify difference between aspect and tense. Chapter 5, this study concludes that English aspect and time adverbials are important verbal categories deserving further study, and that the slightly different characteristics in the perfect and progressive forms should possibly be considered from many points of view.
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