The purpose of this study is to verify the true features that arise from Hemingway's Iceberg Theory and its techniques in his works. In surveying these, we can see the author's true intentions by understanding what allows the reader to see the actual characteristics of his novels. Hemingway revealed...
The purpose of this study is to verify the true features that arise from Hemingway's Iceberg Theory and its techniques in his works. In surveying these, we can see the author's true intentions by understanding what allows the reader to see the actual characteristics of his novels. Hemingway revealed the themes of his novels, not through story-telling or detailed representation, but through his style. This method is called structural theme treatment. A novel written by utilizing structural theme treatment has a complex multi-faceted meaning. This is due to the fact that the written word alone may not reveal the real intention directly, however that meaning can be discovered through images or blank words within the sentences. Images and blank words do not present themes through description. Instead, the themes can be demonstrated through pictorial effects and musical rhythm which overcome the limitations of the written language. The pictorial effects here are based on the effects stemming from the Iceberg Theory, a discipline Hemingway learned through the painting techniques of C′ezanne who often omitted the description of the surroundings to enhancing the main subject of his art. After studying this effect, Hemingway was able to input it into his works. Hemingway tried to minimize the explanations and descriptions about the main theme as C′ezanne did, and to transmit the themes through clear and concrete nouns. But while this method can have simple structure and excellent visual effects, it can also cause overly simple and awkward sentences. To solve this problem, Hemingway used staccato sequence, the sequence of motion and facts, and repetition technique to achieve rhythmic style which successfully reduced the stiffness of his sentences. Hemingway's novels can be characterized as stories that can be transmitted visibly and audibly. This originated from his belief that prose can have the same effects as painting and music. Hemingway focused on this concept and tried to reproduce the effects in his novels. He also included his concept of time and, with this, could produce a novel demonstrating the meaning of the fourth and fifth dimensions. Hemingway's concept of time represents the conscious stream of his mind. The stopped 'Now' time intimates the concept of the fourth dimension. The effects are well represented in For Whom the Bell Tolls and The Old Man and the Sea. The deaths in these novels are not stopped as would be a natural death, but are extended to the different objects eternally and from this point, the notion of the mysterious fifth dimension springs forth. As Hemingway tried to write his novels by using the Iceberg Theory, readers also need to consider the theory to understand what he says in his novels. When Hemingway tried to write his works without considering the effects of the Iceberg Theory, he failed to create a critically successful work. When Hemingway wrote For Whom the Bell Tolls, Across the River and Into the Trees and To Have and Have Not, these were not considered to be successful from a critical standpoint of Hemingway's own style. Those novels were critical of society and For Whom the Bell Tolls has political undercurrents. The themes of the works were not suitable for delineating his real aesthetic theme, the matter of perpetuity of human beings. Under the Iceberg Theory, social and political stories cannot be effectively described. After writing a series of works unfavorable to critics, he wrote The Old Man and the Sea which demonstrates the general effects of Iceberg Theory such as painting effects of style, objective words, image words, effects of blank, forward and backward movements of the narrative pattern, and the sense of rhythm. It also reaches the effects of a poem and allegory and emits the effects of the fourth and fifth dimensional style. In conclusion, the Iceberg Theory can be regarded as one of the devices and criteria that can help readers understand the themes and characteristics of his style. The style of Hemingway is a feat that demonstrates overcoming the limitation of expression of prose and transmits a powerful consciousness of the theme of a novel without particular depiction. Hemingway could enlarge the domain of novels by taking the influence of other arts into his style. Through those effects, he could accomplish the works which possess eternity derived from the implication of the fourth and fifth dimensions.
The purpose of this study is to verify the true features that arise from Hemingway's Iceberg Theory and its techniques in his works. In surveying these, we can see the author's true intentions by understanding what allows the reader to see the actual characteristics of his novels. Hemingway revealed the themes of his novels, not through story-telling or detailed representation, but through his style. This method is called structural theme treatment. A novel written by utilizing structural theme treatment has a complex multi-faceted meaning. This is due to the fact that the written word alone may not reveal the real intention directly, however that meaning can be discovered through images or blank words within the sentences. Images and blank words do not present themes through description. Instead, the themes can be demonstrated through pictorial effects and musical rhythm which overcome the limitations of the written language. The pictorial effects here are based on the effects stemming from the Iceberg Theory, a discipline Hemingway learned through the painting techniques of C′ezanne who often omitted the description of the surroundings to enhancing the main subject of his art. After studying this effect, Hemingway was able to input it into his works. Hemingway tried to minimize the explanations and descriptions about the main theme as C′ezanne did, and to transmit the themes through clear and concrete nouns. But while this method can have simple structure and excellent visual effects, it can also cause overly simple and awkward sentences. To solve this problem, Hemingway used staccato sequence, the sequence of motion and facts, and repetition technique to achieve rhythmic style which successfully reduced the stiffness of his sentences. Hemingway's novels can be characterized as stories that can be transmitted visibly and audibly. This originated from his belief that prose can have the same effects as painting and music. Hemingway focused on this concept and tried to reproduce the effects in his novels. He also included his concept of time and, with this, could produce a novel demonstrating the meaning of the fourth and fifth dimensions. Hemingway's concept of time represents the conscious stream of his mind. The stopped 'Now' time intimates the concept of the fourth dimension. The effects are well represented in For Whom the Bell Tolls and The Old Man and the Sea. The deaths in these novels are not stopped as would be a natural death, but are extended to the different objects eternally and from this point, the notion of the mysterious fifth dimension springs forth. As Hemingway tried to write his novels by using the Iceberg Theory, readers also need to consider the theory to understand what he says in his novels. When Hemingway tried to write his works without considering the effects of the Iceberg Theory, he failed to create a critically successful work. When Hemingway wrote For Whom the Bell Tolls, Across the River and Into the Trees and To Have and Have Not, these were not considered to be successful from a critical standpoint of Hemingway's own style. Those novels were critical of society and For Whom the Bell Tolls has political undercurrents. The themes of the works were not suitable for delineating his real aesthetic theme, the matter of perpetuity of human beings. Under the Iceberg Theory, social and political stories cannot be effectively described. After writing a series of works unfavorable to critics, he wrote The Old Man and the Sea which demonstrates the general effects of Iceberg Theory such as painting effects of style, objective words, image words, effects of blank, forward and backward movements of the narrative pattern, and the sense of rhythm. It also reaches the effects of a poem and allegory and emits the effects of the fourth and fifth dimensional style. In conclusion, the Iceberg Theory can be regarded as one of the devices and criteria that can help readers understand the themes and characteristics of his style. The style of Hemingway is a feat that demonstrates overcoming the limitation of expression of prose and transmits a powerful consciousness of the theme of a novel without particular depiction. Hemingway could enlarge the domain of novels by taking the influence of other arts into his style. Through those effects, he could accomplish the works which possess eternity derived from the implication of the fourth and fifth dimensions.
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