한국관료사회의 반부패 전략에 관한 실증적 연구 : 다차원척도법(MDS)을 활용한 포지셔닝 전략 분석을 중심으로 (A) study on bureaucratic corruption control strategy in Korea : focus on positioning map analysis with MDS원문보기
한국사회의 고질적 병폐로써의 부패문제-특히, 관료부패 문제-에 대해서는 국민 대부분이 그 심각성에 대하여 인식하고 있으면서도 이에 대한 실질적, 직접 처방대안을 제시하고 있지 못하다.이는 부패문제에 그 자체의 복잡성과 복합성만큼이나 어려운 과업으로 부패문제가 지니는 속성에 대한 인지와 진단이 필요 하다는 것을 의미한다. 부패는 무엇보다 환경적 요인의 영향을 깊이 따른다. 이는 역사, 지리, 문화 등의 환경 변수가 부패의 상대적 환경을 생성하고 인식시킨다. 이러한 원인들이 한국 사회에서의 부패문제를 체계화 시키고 이에 대한 연구의 활발도를 하락시키는 원인으로 해석할 수 있다.이 논문은 부패의 통제 대상에 대한 진단과 처방을 동시에 수행하기 위하여 다양한 계량적 기법을 동원하여 대상의 심리적 요인에 대한 진단과 선호, 갈등 유발의 잠재요인까지를 제시 하였다.이를 위하여 먼저 각각의 집단이 나타내는 반부패 전략의 중요도 인식은 후에 선호도 인지 멥과의 비교에서 갈등잠재 요소에 대한 가이드 제시로써의 역할을 한다. 이는 집단이 가지는 가치관의 차이는 반부패 전략과 관련한 조직의 가치관 특성에 대한 반영으로 이는 전략 선호와 연계하여 확대 또는 타 부문과의 호환적 해석이 가능하기 때문이다. 이러한 利點(이점)은 논문이 단순히 ...
한국사회의 고질적 병폐로써의 부패문제-특히, 관료부패 문제-에 대해서는 국민 대부분이 그 심각성에 대하여 인식하고 있으면서도 이에 대한 실질적, 직접 처방대안을 제시하고 있지 못하다.이는 부패문제에 그 자체의 복잡성과 복합성만큼이나 어려운 과업으로 부패문제가 지니는 속성에 대한 인지와 진단이 필요 하다는 것을 의미한다. 부패는 무엇보다 환경적 요인의 영향을 깊이 따른다. 이는 역사, 지리, 문화 등의 환경 변수가 부패의 상대적 환경을 생성하고 인식시킨다. 이러한 원인들이 한국 사회에서의 부패문제를 체계화 시키고 이에 대한 연구의 활발도를 하락시키는 원인으로 해석할 수 있다.이 논문은 부패의 통제 대상에 대한 진단과 처방을 동시에 수행하기 위하여 다양한 계량적 기법을 동원하여 대상의 심리적 요인에 대한 진단과 선호, 갈등 유발의 잠재요인까지를 제시 하였다.이를 위하여 먼저 각각의 집단이 나타내는 반부패 전략의 중요도 인식은 후에 선호도 인지 멥과의 비교에서 갈등잠재 요소에 대한 가이드 제시로써의 역할을 한다. 이는 집단이 가지는 가치관의 차이는 반부패 전략과 관련한 조직의 가치관 특성에 대한 반영으로 이는 전략 선호와 연계하여 확대 또는 타 부문과의 호환적 해석이 가능하기 때문이다. 이러한 利點(이점)은 논문이 단순히 AHP분석을 통한 정책 선호에만 그치는 것이 아니라 정책, 조직, 인사, 계량등 각 부문과 연계하여 통합적 분석을 시행하였음을 알 수 있다. 결론적으로 현행 한국에는 관료부패와 관련하여 다양한 통제논리와 세부전략들이 제시되고 있다. 하지만 부패 통제논리의 제한성과 외국 사례를 통한 통제 전략의 모방에 대해 신중한 접근이 바람직하다. 이유는 부패는 상당히 문화 횡단면적인 측면이 강한 문화적 오류이다. 이는 그 사회의 특성 파악과 대상의 조직의 진단 없이 섣부른 부패통제 전략의 시행은 반드시 조직 내 갈등 양산, 비용의 낭비, 비효율의 초래를 통한 정책의 신뢰감 상실 등 많은 실패 가능성을 지니고 있음을 의미한다.한국사회의 부패 통제 정책은 역대 정권을 통해 살펴 볼 때 지극히 일순간 적이며 단기 처방적 행사로 끝나는 경우가 많았다. 이는 부패문제의 특성인 문화적 요소 연계에 대하여 간과한 결과이다. 그리하여 정치적 선전효과로써 부패정책을 이용한 것으로 인식할 수밖에 없으며, 이러한 상황의 지속에서는 보다 효율적이며, 처방적인 부패정책을 기대 할 수 없기에 정책 비효율의 초래와 정책 수혜 대상자들로부터 갈등의 요소만을 증폭시킨다고 여겨진다.따라서 보다 처방적인 정책, 효율적 정책의 설계와 시행을 위해서는 대상 집단에 대한 정확한 진단과 이에 상응하는 적절한 정책의 시행이 필수요소로 간주된다.이 글에서의 해석방법은 멥 해석의 자의성과 계량기법 간의 상호 연계를 통하여 조직 내 구성원의 정책결정 과정에서 가치관 진단과 선호 전략 간의 연계 그리고 중요도 인식과의 차이 등 복합적 분석 및 추론을 통하여 분석의 신뢰성과 질을 향상 시킬 수 있다고 본다. 또한 후발 연구자에게 연구방향 설정, 재해석 및 비판 등 많은 연구의 유인을 줄 수 있을 것으로 본다
한국사회의 고질적 병폐로써의 부패문제-특히, 관료부패 문제-에 대해서는 국민 대부분이 그 심각성에 대하여 인식하고 있으면서도 이에 대한 실질적, 직접 처방대안을 제시하고 있지 못하다.이는 부패문제에 그 자체의 복잡성과 복합성만큼이나 어려운 과업으로 부패문제가 지니는 속성에 대한 인지와 진단이 필요 하다는 것을 의미한다. 부패는 무엇보다 환경적 요인의 영향을 깊이 따른다. 이는 역사, 지리, 문화 등의 환경 변수가 부패의 상대적 환경을 생성하고 인식시킨다. 이러한 원인들이 한국 사회에서의 부패문제를 체계화 시키고 이에 대한 연구의 활발도를 하락시키는 원인으로 해석할 수 있다.이 논문은 부패의 통제 대상에 대한 진단과 처방을 동시에 수행하기 위하여 다양한 계량적 기법을 동원하여 대상의 심리적 요인에 대한 진단과 선호, 갈등 유발의 잠재요인까지를 제시 하였다.이를 위하여 먼저 각각의 집단이 나타내는 반부패 전략의 중요도 인식은 후에 선호도 인지 멥과의 비교에서 갈등잠재 요소에 대한 가이드 제시로써의 역할을 한다. 이는 집단이 가지는 가치관의 차이는 반부패 전략과 관련한 조직의 가치관 특성에 대한 반영으로 이는 전략 선호와 연계하여 확대 또는 타 부문과의 호환적 해석이 가능하기 때문이다. 이러한 利點(이점)은 논문이 단순히 AHP분석을 통한 정책 선호에만 그치는 것이 아니라 정책, 조직, 인사, 계량등 각 부문과 연계하여 통합적 분석을 시행하였음을 알 수 있다. 결론적으로 현행 한국에는 관료부패와 관련하여 다양한 통제논리와 세부전략들이 제시되고 있다. 하지만 부패 통제논리의 제한성과 외국 사례를 통한 통제 전략의 모방에 대해 신중한 접근이 바람직하다. 이유는 부패는 상당히 문화 횡단면적인 측면이 강한 문화적 오류이다. 이는 그 사회의 특성 파악과 대상의 조직의 진단 없이 섣부른 부패통제 전략의 시행은 반드시 조직 내 갈등 양산, 비용의 낭비, 비효율의 초래를 통한 정책의 신뢰감 상실 등 많은 실패 가능성을 지니고 있음을 의미한다.한국사회의 부패 통제 정책은 역대 정권을 통해 살펴 볼 때 지극히 일순간 적이며 단기 처방적 행사로 끝나는 경우가 많았다. 이는 부패문제의 특성인 문화적 요소 연계에 대하여 간과한 결과이다. 그리하여 정치적 선전효과로써 부패정책을 이용한 것으로 인식할 수밖에 없으며, 이러한 상황의 지속에서는 보다 효율적이며, 처방적인 부패정책을 기대 할 수 없기에 정책 비효율의 초래와 정책 수혜 대상자들로부터 갈등의 요소만을 증폭시킨다고 여겨진다.따라서 보다 처방적인 정책, 효율적 정책의 설계와 시행을 위해서는 대상 집단에 대한 정확한 진단과 이에 상응하는 적절한 정책의 시행이 필수요소로 간주된다.이 글에서의 해석방법은 멥 해석의 자의성과 계량기법 간의 상호 연계를 통하여 조직 내 구성원의 정책결정 과정에서 가치관 진단과 선호 전략 간의 연계 그리고 중요도 인식과의 차이 등 복합적 분석 및 추론을 통하여 분석의 신뢰성과 질을 향상 시킬 수 있다고 본다. 또한 후발 연구자에게 연구방향 설정, 재해석 및 비판 등 많은 연구의 유인을 줄 수 있을 것으로 본다
Bureaucratic corruption has been a prevalent phenomenon in the Korean society and has been caused by many complicated factors, especially the economy, and is likely to discourage investment in the economy. This phenomenon is also related to a variety of factors, such as individual and organizational...
Bureaucratic corruption has been a prevalent phenomenon in the Korean society and has been caused by many complicated factors, especially the economy, and is likely to discourage investment in the economy. This phenomenon is also related to a variety of factors, such as individual and organizational environments. Most Koreans and foreign residents of Korea recognize that many Korean government officers fall into a pattern of corruption. Nevertheless, the government does not encourage or support a direct and diagnostic solution to corruption.This paper calls attention the central problem of how we can combat bureaucratic corruption and which method is the most effective. So far, no definitive answer has been given to this question, partly because bureaucratic corruption is a complicated cross-cultural phenomenon.The scope of this paper covers central government offices, especially the Ministry of Information and Communication (MIC), the Ministry of Government Administration and Home Affairs (MOGAHA), the Ministry of Culture and Tourism and the Korea Independent Commission against Corruption (KIKAC). This is because, since 1990, the ratio of corruption in central government offices has greatly increased. Especially with KIKAC, an agency that should be highly aware of the problem but which uses different strategies in assessing corruption. My basic rules for choosing particular agencies are based on two categories, the level of corruption present and the discretion of KIKAC.For this purpose, this study aims to discern differences of relative policy priority among the agencies and find out how demographic factors relate to different bureaucratic corruption control strategies (BCCS). Based on these findings, the researcher categorized BCCS as eight types, as follows:1. A change in nations'' and officers'' consciousness.2. An improved personal management system.3. A reduction of personal choices in the bureaucratic sector.4. Enacting stricter legislative controls.5. Improved ethics.6. position classification act.7. Wage security.8. Acceptance of labor unions in the bureaucratic sector.In this paper, I will apply an interdisciplinary approach to analyze and re-categorize the nature of bureaucratic corruption and priority preferences of BCCS, such as economic, public administration and ethics.Applying economic logic to bureaucratic corruption serves a very special function because it indicates compatibility with other analyses and makes it easier to judge quantitatively, rather than showing clear variables. This hypothesis is presented in Figure 1 'The systemic corruption model in Korea'.Using this model to analyze the economy, the difference between individual and organizational behavior is shown to indicate this logic, that is, for an individual with exposure to the possibility of corruption, the aspects to be considered are opportunity, penalty, responsibility and whether the corruption will spill over to colleagues through contamination. This contamination increases according to the size and value of the corruption and the ethics of individual and organizational members. I consider eight strategies integral to this hypothesis.Previous researchers could pay only scant attention to BCCS because of the state of affairs in their time, including powerful centralization of government. In this study, the researcher applied a more accurate organizational diagnosis and discrimination to assess strategies for combating corruption.Each organization has its own unique characteristics, such as its size, the kind of tasks it performs and its environment. Unfortunately, BCCS in Korea do not take these differences into account effectively. Until now, BCCS in Korea has been that different strategies are applied to different organizations, which creates conflict among different members of the organization. I believe some preliminary observations and diagnosis have to be made.To make a diagnosis, this study used quantitative analysis such as T-test and analysis of variance (ANOVA)for comparing mean, multiple regression and recognizing the importance of strategies, factor analysis and multi-dimensional scaling(MDS)analysis for the preference map.MDS is a very special quantitative method of multi-variate analysis to diagnose the psychological condition of subjects because it can express mental attitudes on a visual map. This paper directs attention to analysis of the graph.Diagnosis of psychological condition is a very important part of applying strategies to subjects. The reason is that when unusual strategies that cause conflict among an organization''s members are applied to the members, it decreases efficiency through loss of motivation.While there has been a great deal of research on corruption in Korea, BCCS in the quantitative area remains under-researched.This study is organized in seven chapters, as follows:Chapter 1 (introduction) introduces the purpose, range and study methods.Chapter 2 (theory with corruption and control strategies) develops the theoretical framework for the study, critiquing previous methods of approaching bureaucratic corruption and proposing an approach to the key concepts of projecting strategies. This study considers the mechanisms of the corruption process from its conception and control strategies through logic.Chapter 3 (sampling) focuses on sampling and what organizations and subjects will be studied. The selection of organizations to be studied is very important as it determines the study''s size, range and direction.I have, therefore, chosen a central government office because, from 2000, their ratio of official reprimands has increased in comparison to local, educational and police offices. This means the control mechanisms are failing seriously. The possibility exists that members of central government offices may experience conflict with the control strategies so the study was divided into three parts. This chapter also introduces the statistical algorithm for MDS analysis used to graph the position of anti-corruption strategies.Before passing to an analysis of these views, we must consider the following hypotheses:？ Hypothesis 1: Preferred applications of BCCS differ accordingto different organizational characteristics and thepresence of inspection.？ Hypothesis 2: Individual values in policy decisions differaccording to different organizationalcharacteristics and the presence of inspection.？ Hypothesis 3: Preferred applications of BCCS differaccording to the organization''shierarchical position.？ypothesis4: Individual values in policy decisions differ according to the organization''s hierarchicalposition.？ Hypothesis 5: Preferred applications of BCCS differ according t o gender.？ypothesis6: Individual values in policy decisionsdiffer according to gender.In formulating these hypotheses, this study addressed demographic characteristics and inter-organizational characteristics, organizational position and gender.Chapter 4 (comparing analysis in importance of anti-corruption strategies) considers how we might determine which strategies are most important. In projecting the results, each quantitative method was separated into three categories gender, hierarchical position (upper, middle and lower) and inter-organizational characteristics, such as whether or not they get inspected. Using quantitative analysis such as T-test, ANOVA and Multiple Regression, we can make the following observations.1.Members of KIKAC that are being inspected are more aware of strategies which relate to people''s enlightenment and averse to conflict with members in the organization. Conversely, central government offices that are not being inspected are more oriented to livelihood issues, for example wage security, keeping communication channels between upper and lower positions in the organization and enacting labor union laws.2.Subjects in upper positions consider improving personal management systems as most important in combating corruption because they are long-term employees who occupy positions which relate to personal management. Middle and lower position subjects are more concerned with strategies that relate to their livelihoods.3.The study shows that different genders exhibit different preferences and priorities. For example, most women officers in this study preferred stricter and more direct strategies that have a powerful influence when applied. In line with previous research, this shows that women judge corruption more strictly than men.Chapter 5 (individual values for MDS analysis) shows that in the policy decision process, individual values influence the preference of strategies in terms of logic, intuition and conservatism. Again, different categories were used in analysis.First, members of KIKAC that are being inspected are more concerned with remedying actual conditions and controlling corruption within the organization.Next, upper position members are willing to override their individual values to prevent conflict with other members of the organization.Thirdly, women consider and prefer strategies that relate to actual conditions in the organizations, using their intuition.
Bureaucratic corruption has been a prevalent phenomenon in the Korean society and has been caused by many complicated factors, especially the economy, and is likely to discourage investment in the economy. This phenomenon is also related to a variety of factors, such as individual and organizational environments. Most Koreans and foreign residents of Korea recognize that many Korean government officers fall into a pattern of corruption. Nevertheless, the government does not encourage or support a direct and diagnostic solution to corruption.This paper calls attention the central problem of how we can combat bureaucratic corruption and which method is the most effective. So far, no definitive answer has been given to this question, partly because bureaucratic corruption is a complicated cross-cultural phenomenon.The scope of this paper covers central government offices, especially the Ministry of Information and Communication (MIC), the Ministry of Government Administration and Home Affairs (MOGAHA), the Ministry of Culture and Tourism and the Korea Independent Commission against Corruption (KIKAC). This is because, since 1990, the ratio of corruption in central government offices has greatly increased. Especially with KIKAC, an agency that should be highly aware of the problem but which uses different strategies in assessing corruption. My basic rules for choosing particular agencies are based on two categories, the level of corruption present and the discretion of KIKAC.For this purpose, this study aims to discern differences of relative policy priority among the agencies and find out how demographic factors relate to different bureaucratic corruption control strategies (BCCS). Based on these findings, the researcher categorized BCCS as eight types, as follows:1. A change in nations'' and officers'' consciousness.2. An improved personal management system.3. A reduction of personal choices in the bureaucratic sector.4. Enacting stricter legislative controls.5. Improved ethics.6. position classification act.7. Wage security.8. Acceptance of labor unions in the bureaucratic sector.In this paper, I will apply an interdisciplinary approach to analyze and re-categorize the nature of bureaucratic corruption and priority preferences of BCCS, such as economic, public administration and ethics.Applying economic logic to bureaucratic corruption serves a very special function because it indicates compatibility with other analyses and makes it easier to judge quantitatively, rather than showing clear variables. This hypothesis is presented in Figure 1 'The systemic corruption model in Korea'.Using this model to analyze the economy, the difference between individual and organizational behavior is shown to indicate this logic, that is, for an individual with exposure to the possibility of corruption, the aspects to be considered are opportunity, penalty, responsibility and whether the corruption will spill over to colleagues through contamination. This contamination increases according to the size and value of the corruption and the ethics of individual and organizational members. I consider eight strategies integral to this hypothesis.Previous researchers could pay only scant attention to BCCS because of the state of affairs in their time, including powerful centralization of government. In this study, the researcher applied a more accurate organizational diagnosis and discrimination to assess strategies for combating corruption.Each organization has its own unique characteristics, such as its size, the kind of tasks it performs and its environment. Unfortunately, BCCS in Korea do not take these differences into account effectively. Until now, BCCS in Korea has been that different strategies are applied to different organizations, which creates conflict among different members of the organization. I believe some preliminary observations and diagnosis have to be made.To make a diagnosis, this study used quantitative analysis such as T-test and analysis of variance (ANOVA)for comparing mean, multiple regression and recognizing the importance of strategies, factor analysis and multi-dimensional scaling(MDS)analysis for the preference map.MDS is a very special quantitative method of multi-variate analysis to diagnose the psychological condition of subjects because it can express mental attitudes on a visual map. This paper directs attention to analysis of the graph.Diagnosis of psychological condition is a very important part of applying strategies to subjects. The reason is that when unusual strategies that cause conflict among an organization''s members are applied to the members, it decreases efficiency through loss of motivation.While there has been a great deal of research on corruption in Korea, BCCS in the quantitative area remains under-researched.This study is organized in seven chapters, as follows:Chapter 1 (introduction) introduces the purpose, range and study methods.Chapter 2 (theory with corruption and control strategies) develops the theoretical framework for the study, critiquing previous methods of approaching bureaucratic corruption and proposing an approach to the key concepts of projecting strategies. This study considers the mechanisms of the corruption process from its conception and control strategies through logic.Chapter 3 (sampling) focuses on sampling and what organizations and subjects will be studied. The selection of organizations to be studied is very important as it determines the study''s size, range and direction.I have, therefore, chosen a central government office because, from 2000, their ratio of official reprimands has increased in comparison to local, educational and police offices. This means the control mechanisms are failing seriously. The possibility exists that members of central government offices may experience conflict with the control strategies so the study was divided into three parts. This chapter also introduces the statistical algorithm for MDS analysis used to graph the position of anti-corruption strategies.Before passing to an analysis of these views, we must consider the following hypotheses:？ Hypothesis 1: Preferred applications of BCCS differ accordingto different organizational characteristics and thepresence of inspection.？ Hypothesis 2: Individual values in policy decisions differaccording to different organizationalcharacteristics and the presence of inspection.？ Hypothesis 3: Preferred applications of BCCS differaccording to the organization''shierarchical position.？ypothesis4: Individual values in policy decisions differ according to the organization''s hierarchicalposition.？ Hypothesis 5: Preferred applications of BCCS differ according t o gender.？ypothesis6: Individual values in policy decisionsdiffer according to gender.In formulating these hypotheses, this study addressed demographic characteristics and inter-organizational characteristics, organizational position and gender.Chapter 4 (comparing analysis in importance of anti-corruption strategies) considers how we might determine which strategies are most important. In projecting the results, each quantitative method was separated into three categories gender, hierarchical position (upper, middle and lower) and inter-organizational characteristics, such as whether or not they get inspected. Using quantitative analysis such as T-test, ANOVA and Multiple Regression, we can make the following observations.1.Members of KIKAC that are being inspected are more aware of strategies which relate to people''s enlightenment and averse to conflict with members in the organization. Conversely, central government offices that are not being inspected are more oriented to livelihood issues, for example wage security, keeping communication channels between upper and lower positions in the organization and enacting labor union laws.2.Subjects in upper positions consider improving personal management systems as most important in combating corruption because they are long-term employees who occupy positions which relate to personal management. Middle and lower position subjects are more concerned with strategies that relate to their livelihoods.3.The study shows that different genders exhibit different preferences and priorities. For example, most women officers in this study preferred stricter and more direct strategies that have a powerful influence when applied. In line with previous research, this shows that women judge corruption more strictly than men.Chapter 5 (individual values for MDS analysis) shows that in the policy decision process, individual values influence the preference of strategies in terms of logic, intuition and conservatism. Again, different categories were used in analysis.First, members of KIKAC that are being inspected are more concerned with remedying actual conditions and controlling corruption within the organization.Next, upper position members are willing to override their individual values to prevent conflict with other members of the organization.Thirdly, women consider and prefer strategies that relate to actual conditions in the organizations, using their intuition.
주제어
#BCCS(Bureaucratic Corruption Controling Strategies) MDS(Multi Dimensional Scaling) analysis systemic corruption individual value analysis cross-culture conversion public campaigns 관료부패통제전략 조직 가치관 전략선호도 MDS분석 계층분석적 의사결정(AHP) 체계적 부패 문화 횡단면적 전환 사회자본
학위논문 정보
저자
임성범
학위수여기관
연세대학교 행정대학원
학위구분
국내석사
학과
일반행정 전공
지도교수
최평길
발행연도
2005
총페이지
vii, 139p.
키워드
BCCS(Bureaucratic Corruption Controling Strategies) MDS(Multi Dimensional Scaling) analysis systemic corruption individual value analysis cross-culture conversion public campaigns 관료부패통제전략 조직 가치관 전략선호도 MDS분석 계층분석적 의사결정(AHP) 체계적 부패 문화 횡단면적 전환 사회자본
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