유기인계 농약, 피리미포스-메틸과 메티다티온의 면역독성 및 기작 Immunotoxic profiles and Mechanism of Organophosphorous Pesticides, Pirimiphos-methy1 and Methidathion In vitro in Vitro원문보기
Organophosphorus (OP) pesticides have largely replaced the use of organochlorine pesticides and have been widely used in agriculture and houses in recent years because of their rapid breakdown in water and their low environmental persistence. As a result of broad usage, consumers are directly or ind...
Organophosphorus (OP) pesticides have largely replaced the use of organochlorine pesticides and have been widely used in agriculture and houses in recent years because of their rapid breakdown in water and their low environmental persistence. As a result of broad usage, consumers are directly or indirectly exposed to organophosphorus pesticides through several food groups including meat, dairy products, fruits, vegetables, dried foods, and most processed foods in which a significant amount of pesticide residues have been found. However, thus far there have been few reports on the immunotoxic effects of OPs. In the present study, Balb/c mice were used to determine the immunotoxic effects of OPs, methidathion and pirimiphos-methyl in vivo and in vitro. Results in vivo showed that methidathion dosage did not change significantly body weight, relative thymus and spleen weight, and thymus and spleen cellularities of Balb/c mice. Pirimiphos-methyl treatment also showed there is no significant changes in body weight, relative thymus weight, and thymus cellularity of Balb/c mice, but high dose treatment (120mg/kg) of pirimiphos-methyl significantly decreased relative spleen weight and spleen cellularity of Balb/c mice. On the other hand, LPS-proliferation response of splenocytes was not affected by methidathion and pirimiphos-methyl exposures. However both methidathion and pirimiphos-methyl dosages reduced ConA-stimulation response of splenocytes and antibody production to SRBC. The result indicate that long-term exposure at high dose of pirimiphos-methyl and methidathion is affected on spleens of Balb/c mice and is immunosuppressive. Pirimiphos-methyl and methidathion were assayed in vitro for their immunosuppressive effects to spleen cells, especially T cells. Results showed that pirimiphos-methyl was cytotoxic to splenocytes at concentrations of more than 2 μM but methidathion had a little cytotoxic effect only at 50μM. Pirimiphos-methyl increased DNA fragmentation of splenocytes at cytotoxic concentrations. Pirimiphos-methyl depressed ConA-and LPS-proliferative responses, IL-2 production, CD28 expression in splenic T cells, and CD40L expression in splenic CD4 T cells. However methidathion had a weak depressive effect on the same immunotoxicological parameters only at high concentration, 50μM. The results indicate that pirimiphos-methyl and methidathion perform a immunotoxic effect by having some effects on viability and functions of splenic T cells and pirimiphos-methyl is more toxic than methidathion to immune cells although pirimiphos-methyl has higher LD_(50) value.
Organophosphorus (OP) pesticides have largely replaced the use of organochlorine pesticides and have been widely used in agriculture and houses in recent years because of their rapid breakdown in water and their low environmental persistence. As a result of broad usage, consumers are directly or indirectly exposed to organophosphorus pesticides through several food groups including meat, dairy products, fruits, vegetables, dried foods, and most processed foods in which a significant amount of pesticide residues have been found. However, thus far there have been few reports on the immunotoxic effects of OPs. In the present study, Balb/c mice were used to determine the immunotoxic effects of OPs, methidathion and pirimiphos-methyl in vivo and in vitro. Results in vivo showed that methidathion dosage did not change significantly body weight, relative thymus and spleen weight, and thymus and spleen cellularities of Balb/c mice. Pirimiphos-methyl treatment also showed there is no significant changes in body weight, relative thymus weight, and thymus cellularity of Balb/c mice, but high dose treatment (120mg/kg) of pirimiphos-methyl significantly decreased relative spleen weight and spleen cellularity of Balb/c mice. On the other hand, LPS-proliferation response of splenocytes was not affected by methidathion and pirimiphos-methyl exposures. However both methidathion and pirimiphos-methyl dosages reduced ConA-stimulation response of splenocytes and antibody production to SRBC. The result indicate that long-term exposure at high dose of pirimiphos-methyl and methidathion is affected on spleens of Balb/c mice and is immunosuppressive. Pirimiphos-methyl and methidathion were assayed in vitro for their immunosuppressive effects to spleen cells, especially T cells. Results showed that pirimiphos-methyl was cytotoxic to splenocytes at concentrations of more than 2 μM but methidathion had a little cytotoxic effect only at 50μM. Pirimiphos-methyl increased DNA fragmentation of splenocytes at cytotoxic concentrations. Pirimiphos-methyl depressed ConA-and LPS-proliferative responses, IL-2 production, CD28 expression in splenic T cells, and CD40L expression in splenic CD4 T cells. However methidathion had a weak depressive effect on the same immunotoxicological parameters only at high concentration, 50μM. The results indicate that pirimiphos-methyl and methidathion perform a immunotoxic effect by having some effects on viability and functions of splenic T cells and pirimiphos-methyl is more toxic than methidathion to immune cells although pirimiphos-methyl has higher LD_(50) value.
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