An acquisitive prescription is a system that acquires the rights to an unauthorizer in the case of exercising his rights in a certain period. The system was originated from the Roman law, and we accepted it through the Japanese civil law. In general, an acquisitive prescription has two forms; genera...
An acquisitive prescription is a system that acquires the rights to an unauthorizer in the case of exercising his rights in a certain period. The system was originated from the Roman law, and we accepted it through the Japanese civil law. In general, an acquisitive prescription has two forms; general acquisitive prescription(acquisitive prescription of possession) and acquisitive prescription of registration. In the transfer of property rights, countries such as France and Japan usually, which have adopted the intentionalism acknowledge general acquisitive prescription. On the other hand, country such as Germany, which has adopted the formalism acknowledges fundamentally the acquisitive prescription of registration. We have adopted the formalism, but acknowledge both a general acquisitive prescription and an acquisitive prescription of registration. If we acknowledged only the acquisitive prescription of registration, it would force possessors to register unreasonably and cause false registrations. Therefore, it is proper to accept both of them. Clause 1, Article 245 of the civil law, rules that a person who has had acquisitive intention for 20 years peaceably and openly can possess real estate by registering it as requisites of general acquisitive prescriptions. Three important matters on the cites general acquisitive prescriptions will be presented in this study. First, the completer of prescription should acquire the ownership after acquiring the right to claim for registration which is characterized for a claim. The reason why the civil code says that possessors should acquire the ownership by registration is that it adjusts interests between a completer of the prescription and the third person interested. Especially, it must be essential for people under the relation of the complecated property rights' transfer, which is caused by changing from intentionalism into formalism of a property right transfer as well as the Liberation and the Korean War. Second, the code has taken possession for 20 years, however, this led to two problems. One is when the point of an acquisitive prescription calculated. The other is a matter of the succession of possession from Clause 1, Article 199. The Supreme Court concerning about the former has exceptionally judged that the theory of reckon backward must be adopted, if there is no a third person interested. Even if counting an initial date in for the possession period gives disadvantages to a person, who has possessed real estate for a long time and has completed a prescription without registration, it seems to be reasonable for trade safety. The Supreme Court concerning about the latter has judged according to the day when the possession is succeeded. That is, if the succession is taken 'before' the completion of prescription, the successor could hold a right to claim for registration. On the other hand, if it occurs 'after' the completion of prescription, the ex-possessor could demand for registration and the successor has to subrogate it. The second interpretation is seemingly against a rule which has acknowledged the succession of possession.(Clause 1, Article 199). In addition, it is not proper in economy of a lawsuit. Therefore the Supreme Court should acknowledge the successor's the right to claim for registration. Third, it is about the case that the possessor doesn't register real estate after the completion of prescription, Also, the owner(transferrer) sold the property to a third acquisitor in good faith(transferee) and the transferee registered it, It is uncertain whether the transferrer knew or not, The Supreme Court has judged that the completer can not be against the transferee. However, personally it appears much natural that the owner takes responsibility for damages to the completer. The Supreme Court has not acknowledged responsibility for the default, but acknowledged liability for the tort to the transferrer. In opposition to that, responsibility for the default should be acknowledged in the relation of a claim and obligation which was originated by legislation. As a result, the completer has the right to claim damages about the default and the tort. Also, the completer has the right to claim for surrogate profits to the sales price, though there is no rules in the civil code.
An acquisitive prescription is a system that acquires the rights to an unauthorizer in the case of exercising his rights in a certain period. The system was originated from the Roman law, and we accepted it through the Japanese civil law. In general, an acquisitive prescription has two forms; general acquisitive prescription(acquisitive prescription of possession) and acquisitive prescription of registration. In the transfer of property rights, countries such as France and Japan usually, which have adopted the intentionalism acknowledge general acquisitive prescription. On the other hand, country such as Germany, which has adopted the formalism acknowledges fundamentally the acquisitive prescription of registration. We have adopted the formalism, but acknowledge both a general acquisitive prescription and an acquisitive prescription of registration. If we acknowledged only the acquisitive prescription of registration, it would force possessors to register unreasonably and cause false registrations. Therefore, it is proper to accept both of them. Clause 1, Article 245 of the civil law, rules that a person who has had acquisitive intention for 20 years peaceably and openly can possess real estate by registering it as requisites of general acquisitive prescriptions. Three important matters on the cites general acquisitive prescriptions will be presented in this study. First, the completer of prescription should acquire the ownership after acquiring the right to claim for registration which is characterized for a claim. The reason why the civil code says that possessors should acquire the ownership by registration is that it adjusts interests between a completer of the prescription and the third person interested. Especially, it must be essential for people under the relation of the complecated property rights' transfer, which is caused by changing from intentionalism into formalism of a property right transfer as well as the Liberation and the Korean War. Second, the code has taken possession for 20 years, however, this led to two problems. One is when the point of an acquisitive prescription calculated. The other is a matter of the succession of possession from Clause 1, Article 199. The Supreme Court concerning about the former has exceptionally judged that the theory of reckon backward must be adopted, if there is no a third person interested. Even if counting an initial date in for the possession period gives disadvantages to a person, who has possessed real estate for a long time and has completed a prescription without registration, it seems to be reasonable for trade safety. The Supreme Court concerning about the latter has judged according to the day when the possession is succeeded. That is, if the succession is taken 'before' the completion of prescription, the successor could hold a right to claim for registration. On the other hand, if it occurs 'after' the completion of prescription, the ex-possessor could demand for registration and the successor has to subrogate it. The second interpretation is seemingly against a rule which has acknowledged the succession of possession.(Clause 1, Article 199). In addition, it is not proper in economy of a lawsuit. Therefore the Supreme Court should acknowledge the successor's the right to claim for registration. Third, it is about the case that the possessor doesn't register real estate after the completion of prescription, Also, the owner(transferrer) sold the property to a third acquisitor in good faith(transferee) and the transferee registered it, It is uncertain whether the transferrer knew or not, The Supreme Court has judged that the completer can not be against the transferee. However, personally it appears much natural that the owner takes responsibility for damages to the completer. The Supreme Court has not acknowledged responsibility for the default, but acknowledged liability for the tort to the transferrer. In opposition to that, responsibility for the default should be acknowledged in the relation of a claim and obligation which was originated by legislation. As a result, the completer has the right to claim damages about the default and the tort. Also, the completer has the right to claim for surrogate profits to the sales price, though there is no rules in the civil code.
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