An Ecological Approach to Shelley''s Poetry Abstract Kim Chunbong The distinction between "shallow" and "deep" ecology was made in the early seventies by Arne Naes, and has now been widely accepted as a useful terminology for the ecological literary criticism. Shallow ecology is anthropocentric and ...
An Ecological Approach to Shelley''s Poetry Abstract Kim Chunbong The distinction between "shallow" and "deep" ecology was made in the early seventies by Arne Naes, and has now been widely accepted as a useful terminology for the ecological literary criticism. Shallow ecology is anthropocentric and views humans as the source of all values, ascribing only use-value to nature, while deep ecology is ecocentric and holistic, recognizing the intrinsic values of all beings including humans in nature. In this context, Percy Bysshe Shelley, along with other English romantics, has been considered as a proto-ecological thinker of the modern deep ecological thought by recent ecological critics such as Karl Kroeber, James McKusick, and Ralph Pite. However, especially in contrast to William Wordsworth or Samuel Taylor Coleridge, few critics, except for Karl Kroeber, Onno Oerlemans and Timothy Morton, have paid a due attention to Shelley as an ecological poet and thinker. Moreover, in case of Morton, he misleadingly locates Shelley even in ''shallow'' ecological tradition by calling him a kind of ''technohumanist,'' a term which reflects the typical western anthropocentric and scientific world-view since Enlightenment and Industrial Revolution. This thesis defines Shelley as a deep ecological thinker and poet, and investigates some of Shelley''s major poetry and prose works in terms of his notions of ideal society, nature, man, imagination, vegetarianism, Necessity, sympathy, love, and such. And these notions are also connected to the modern ecological conceptions and ideas of the land or ecological ethics, ecological self, Self-realization, organic or hierarchical society, natural contract, original trauma, and so forth. From these broad perspectives, this study critically appropriates and connects idealism with scepticism, the two important axes in the Shelley- criticism of a two-centuries old, and shows that the worlds described in Shelley''s poetry from his early work Queen Mab to the last unfinished "The Triumph of Life" are consistent―the same organic communities where man and nature are interdependent and coexisting in the harmonizing principles of Nature, Necessity, Intellectual Beauty, Life, and such. Beside these approaches, this study also shows the distinctive features of Shelley''s literature by focusing on his views of sympathy, love, and vegetarianism, of which especially the last is examined as indicating his simple life style reflecting the holistic and ecocentric world-view. The conclusion discusses the legacy and meaning of the ecological perspectives in Shelley''s poetry in connection to the intrinsic and general values of ''nature and literature'' in the twenty-first century human life, which confronts with various environmental and psychological problems.
An Ecological Approach to Shelley''s Poetry Abstract Kim Chunbong The distinction between "shallow" and "deep" ecology was made in the early seventies by Arne Naes, and has now been widely accepted as a useful terminology for the ecological literary criticism. Shallow ecology is anthropocentric and views humans as the source of all values, ascribing only use-value to nature, while deep ecology is ecocentric and holistic, recognizing the intrinsic values of all beings including humans in nature. In this context, Percy Bysshe Shelley, along with other English romantics, has been considered as a proto-ecological thinker of the modern deep ecological thought by recent ecological critics such as Karl Kroeber, James McKusick, and Ralph Pite. However, especially in contrast to William Wordsworth or Samuel Taylor Coleridge, few critics, except for Karl Kroeber, Onno Oerlemans and Timothy Morton, have paid a due attention to Shelley as an ecological poet and thinker. Moreover, in case of Morton, he misleadingly locates Shelley even in ''shallow'' ecological tradition by calling him a kind of ''technohumanist,'' a term which reflects the typical western anthropocentric and scientific world-view since Enlightenment and Industrial Revolution. This thesis defines Shelley as a deep ecological thinker and poet, and investigates some of Shelley''s major poetry and prose works in terms of his notions of ideal society, nature, man, imagination, vegetarianism, Necessity, sympathy, love, and such. And these notions are also connected to the modern ecological conceptions and ideas of the land or ecological ethics, ecological self, Self-realization, organic or hierarchical society, natural contract, original trauma, and so forth. From these broad perspectives, this study critically appropriates and connects idealism with scepticism, the two important axes in the Shelley- criticism of a two-centuries old, and shows that the worlds described in Shelley''s poetry from his early work Queen Mab to the last unfinished "The Triumph of Life" are consistent―the same organic communities where man and nature are interdependent and coexisting in the harmonizing principles of Nature, Necessity, Intellectual Beauty, Life, and such. Beside these approaches, this study also shows the distinctive features of Shelley''s literature by focusing on his views of sympathy, love, and vegetarianism, of which especially the last is examined as indicating his simple life style reflecting the holistic and ecocentric world-view. The conclusion discusses the legacy and meaning of the ecological perspectives in Shelley''s poetry in connection to the intrinsic and general values of ''nature and literature'' in the twenty-first century human life, which confronts with various environmental and psychological problems.
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