(abstract) Rapid industrialization and urbanization have led to the destruction of the natural ecosystem and the degradation of the natural environment, causing people to pay more attention to the quality of their living conditions, and as a result has prompted the present generation to create livin...
(abstract) Rapid industrialization and urbanization have led to the destruction of the natural ecosystem and the degradation of the natural environment, causing people to pay more attention to the quality of their living conditions, and as a result has prompted the present generation to create living conditions in which both human and nature can coexist in harmony, thereby leaving future generations with a healthy environment. Wanting to improve the quality of living, the city residents longed for a more naturalistic setting, and as a result numerous urban parks began to emerge. The increase in the number of parks required more naturalistic factors, one of which is water. As a result, development of various water bodies has been underway. Numerous water applications have been built into these parks, however problems such as disproportionate scale ratio, decreased usage by visitors, and high costs associated with maintenance arise, making it difficult to maintain these water bodies within the parks. Instead of being user-friendly, water bodies currently installed in parks are quite intricate and difficult for people to use, and more weight has been placed on the aesthetics of them rather than on their usability. Moreover, instead of catering to the Korean culture, most water bodies have been copied after the western architectural style, and as a result fail to interest the Korean audience. The following research not only reveals the way water, which has been the origin of human life, is incorporated and utilized into the urban parks, but also explores the relationship between urban parks and water. The research also deals with the application of various characteristics of water bodies within parks, and using such information will attempt to carry on research of design factors utilized in water bodies. The method of research used in this study includes analyzing currently used production design forms and characteristics in order to determine problems and areas in need of improvement. The first example deals with the water bodies in the urban parks of the main cities of the Kyungnam area, Masan, Changwon, Yangsan, Kimhae, and Jinju. The study reveals 29 parks in Kimhae, 8 in Masan, 12 in Changwon, 9 in Yangsan, and 9 in Jinju. Of these, about 18 contain parks with water bodies. In order to analyze the water bodies' human sensibility factors, the researches came up with a list of main vocabulary by going over reference documents and evaluative research done on water bodies. Additionally, the researches included vocabulary they thought were relevant to their research dealing with environmental design. The final list of words, thus, contains vocabularies that are specific and representative of the various human sensibilities. Furthermore, the method of analysis involves a three-dimensional scale and a grouping analysis. Lastly, using the reference documents, Design types, analysis of characteristics, and the finalization of the list of vocabulary, they determined the importance and preference for the physical characteristics of the water bodies in addition to the human sensibility towards different types of water bodies as well as the correlation between the two. According to a report investigating the types of water bodies, 31 out of the 67 parks, contained various types of man-made water bodies. In other words, there were a few that conformed to one specific style, but overall most utilized combinations of 2 to 3 different styles. An analysis of the water bodies shows the water spouting type to be the most popular, as 15 parks included this type of body while not a single park that solely used raindrops or mountain streams existed. The water bodies which could be either natural or man-made can result in different views and elicit different human sensibilitiesbased on their setup, however in this example, most conformed to a standardized look, thus one could not find any type of variation. The questionnaire asked, out of all the water bodies style, which form the people preferred the most. The result was that most opted for the mountain stream and the spouting type, respectively. In addition, when asked the purpose to their visit, most said that they visited the water bodies to relax and rest, a response that is similar to the people who visit urban parks. When it came to people's preference for form of the water bodies, most preferred a more natural look and when asked which component was most important for the raindrop style bodies, most replied that the height at which the water falls is the most important while, for the streaming style, most stated that the length is the most significant factor, revealing that for streaming water bodies, the length is quite important. The analysis revealed that for physical characteristics, the variation of the different types were rated differently, showing that even though a water body shares similar physical factors, depending on the type, the degree of importance differs. Furthermore, the need for proper maintenance ranked number 1 on the list for all 4 types, demonstrating the significance of proper management while the historical background information ranked the lowest for all 4, revealing that most people do not care much for past history. According to the human sensibilities analysis done on the water bodies, the ones that received a high score of 3.5 or higher were the natural looking types, spouting type, raindrop type, and mountain stream type, with 8, 9, 7, and 9 number of water bodies, respectively. Of the human sensibilities, "enjoyable," "free" "scenic," and "harmonious"all ranked high for the 4 types, and thus are seen as the most felt, main types of sensibilities. Judging from the whole, each type of water bodies style elicited different human sensibilities. For instance, the natural type elicited feelings of stillnessand placidity, the spouting type encouraged active movement, the raindrop type contained all the previous sensibilities while the mountain stream type contained a variation of the sensibilities previous listed, and therefore could not pinpoint to one specific characteristic. The correlation between the water bodies'human sensibility and physical factors differs depending on the special characteristic of the water bodies, and even in the same physical environment, depending on the type of water bodies, drew out different human sensibilities. Human sensibilities that correlate to the physical characteristics of the natural types were "hopeful", "clean", and "romantic" most of which are quite stationary and still, characteristics which differ from the other types. As a result, in order to elicit such feelings of stillness and tranquility, one must consider physical characteristics such as ecological factors, environmental function, natural beauty, and maintenance. Moreover, in order to draw out such human sensibilities, one must pay particular attention to the development of this type of water bodies, while providing a peaceful and enjoyable environment to the people who visit these water bodies. According to the analysis of human sensibilities for the spouting type, unlike the peaceful aura given off by the natural type, the spouting one elicited "adventurous", "lively", "active", "open" emotions that were characterized as energetic and vigorous. Additionally, instead of flowing naturally and calmly, the spouting type is characterized by a rush of water directed by man-made energy, thus drawing out strong responses from its users. Furthermore, when dealing with the spouting type, one cannot find the traditional or natural water bodies usually associated with the Korean tradition. And because the man-made touch is so evident in these types of water bodies, people react strongly its man-made, energetic vitality. Therefore, plans for encouraging movement and vibrancy for spouting water bodies need to considered and because these factors strongly correlate to the type, shape, position, material, and scale of the water body, strong emphasis needs to be placed on its physical factors. Analysis done on the raindrop type reveals that this type elicits similar human sensibilities as the previous two. More specifically, the raindrop type brings out feelings of peacefulness while also giving off the active vibrancy of the spouting water bodies type. Consequently, when planning on creating raindrop type water bodies, one must consider ways to satisfy both the active and still human sensibilities by mainly focusing on physical characteristics such as ecological components and environmental function. The mountain stream type analysis revealed that it elicited different human sensibility compared to the other types mentioned above, and that a strong emphasis is placed on the physical characteristics. The mountain stream type does not elicit the tranquil stillness of the natural type nor does it encourage the liveliness of the spouting type. As a result, this type needs to be able to satisfy not the specific wants of people, but the more general wants of human sensibility. Moreover, unlike the other types, its higher emphasis on physical characteristics calls for thorough examination of the physical factors that elicit varied human sensibilities. Water bodies that make use of this kind of water work are currently being integrated into our surroundings via urban parks, and will continue to make its presence in the future while evolving and changing its shape to satisfy the various wants of an ever changing people. Therefore, the study and engineering of human sensibility needs to take on a more personal, more human form, which is a vital component in creating a variety of water bodies.
(abstract) Rapid industrialization and urbanization have led to the destruction of the natural ecosystem and the degradation of the natural environment, causing people to pay more attention to the quality of their living conditions, and as a result has prompted the present generation to create living conditions in which both human and nature can coexist in harmony, thereby leaving future generations with a healthy environment. Wanting to improve the quality of living, the city residents longed for a more naturalistic setting, and as a result numerous urban parks began to emerge. The increase in the number of parks required more naturalistic factors, one of which is water. As a result, development of various water bodies has been underway. Numerous water applications have been built into these parks, however problems such as disproportionate scale ratio, decreased usage by visitors, and high costs associated with maintenance arise, making it difficult to maintain these water bodies within the parks. Instead of being user-friendly, water bodies currently installed in parks are quite intricate and difficult for people to use, and more weight has been placed on the aesthetics of them rather than on their usability. Moreover, instead of catering to the Korean culture, most water bodies have been copied after the western architectural style, and as a result fail to interest the Korean audience. The following research not only reveals the way water, which has been the origin of human life, is incorporated and utilized into the urban parks, but also explores the relationship between urban parks and water. The research also deals with the application of various characteristics of water bodies within parks, and using such information will attempt to carry on research of design factors utilized in water bodies. The method of research used in this study includes analyzing currently used production design forms and characteristics in order to determine problems and areas in need of improvement. The first example deals with the water bodies in the urban parks of the main cities of the Kyungnam area, Masan, Changwon, Yangsan, Kimhae, and Jinju. The study reveals 29 parks in Kimhae, 8 in Masan, 12 in Changwon, 9 in Yangsan, and 9 in Jinju. Of these, about 18 contain parks with water bodies. In order to analyze the water bodies' human sensibility factors, the researches came up with a list of main vocabulary by going over reference documents and evaluative research done on water bodies. Additionally, the researches included vocabulary they thought were relevant to their research dealing with environmental design. The final list of words, thus, contains vocabularies that are specific and representative of the various human sensibilities. Furthermore, the method of analysis involves a three-dimensional scale and a grouping analysis. Lastly, using the reference documents, Design types, analysis of characteristics, and the finalization of the list of vocabulary, they determined the importance and preference for the physical characteristics of the water bodies in addition to the human sensibility towards different types of water bodies as well as the correlation between the two. According to a report investigating the types of water bodies, 31 out of the 67 parks, contained various types of man-made water bodies. In other words, there were a few that conformed to one specific style, but overall most utilized combinations of 2 to 3 different styles. An analysis of the water bodies shows the water spouting type to be the most popular, as 15 parks included this type of body while not a single park that solely used raindrops or mountain streams existed. The water bodies which could be either natural or man-made can result in different views and elicit different human sensibilitiesbased on their setup, however in this example, most conformed to a standardized look, thus one could not find any type of variation. The questionnaire asked, out of all the water bodies style, which form the people preferred the most. The result was that most opted for the mountain stream and the spouting type, respectively. In addition, when asked the purpose to their visit, most said that they visited the water bodies to relax and rest, a response that is similar to the people who visit urban parks. When it came to people's preference for form of the water bodies, most preferred a more natural look and when asked which component was most important for the raindrop style bodies, most replied that the height at which the water falls is the most important while, for the streaming style, most stated that the length is the most significant factor, revealing that for streaming water bodies, the length is quite important. The analysis revealed that for physical characteristics, the variation of the different types were rated differently, showing that even though a water body shares similar physical factors, depending on the type, the degree of importance differs. Furthermore, the need for proper maintenance ranked number 1 on the list for all 4 types, demonstrating the significance of proper management while the historical background information ranked the lowest for all 4, revealing that most people do not care much for past history. According to the human sensibilities analysis done on the water bodies, the ones that received a high score of 3.5 or higher were the natural looking types, spouting type, raindrop type, and mountain stream type, with 8, 9, 7, and 9 number of water bodies, respectively. Of the human sensibilities, "enjoyable," "free" "scenic," and "harmonious"all ranked high for the 4 types, and thus are seen as the most felt, main types of sensibilities. Judging from the whole, each type of water bodies style elicited different human sensibilities. For instance, the natural type elicited feelings of stillnessand placidity, the spouting type encouraged active movement, the raindrop type contained all the previous sensibilities while the mountain stream type contained a variation of the sensibilities previous listed, and therefore could not pinpoint to one specific characteristic. The correlation between the water bodies'human sensibility and physical factors differs depending on the special characteristic of the water bodies, and even in the same physical environment, depending on the type of water bodies, drew out different human sensibilities. Human sensibilities that correlate to the physical characteristics of the natural types were "hopeful", "clean", and "romantic" most of which are quite stationary and still, characteristics which differ from the other types. As a result, in order to elicit such feelings of stillness and tranquility, one must consider physical characteristics such as ecological factors, environmental function, natural beauty, and maintenance. Moreover, in order to draw out such human sensibilities, one must pay particular attention to the development of this type of water bodies, while providing a peaceful and enjoyable environment to the people who visit these water bodies. According to the analysis of human sensibilities for the spouting type, unlike the peaceful aura given off by the natural type, the spouting one elicited "adventurous", "lively", "active", "open" emotions that were characterized as energetic and vigorous. Additionally, instead of flowing naturally and calmly, the spouting type is characterized by a rush of water directed by man-made energy, thus drawing out strong responses from its users. Furthermore, when dealing with the spouting type, one cannot find the traditional or natural water bodies usually associated with the Korean tradition. And because the man-made touch is so evident in these types of water bodies, people react strongly its man-made, energetic vitality. Therefore, plans for encouraging movement and vibrancy for spouting water bodies need to considered and because these factors strongly correlate to the type, shape, position, material, and scale of the water body, strong emphasis needs to be placed on its physical factors. Analysis done on the raindrop type reveals that this type elicits similar human sensibilities as the previous two. More specifically, the raindrop type brings out feelings of peacefulness while also giving off the active vibrancy of the spouting water bodies type. Consequently, when planning on creating raindrop type water bodies, one must consider ways to satisfy both the active and still human sensibilities by mainly focusing on physical characteristics such as ecological components and environmental function. The mountain stream type analysis revealed that it elicited different human sensibility compared to the other types mentioned above, and that a strong emphasis is placed on the physical characteristics. The mountain stream type does not elicit the tranquil stillness of the natural type nor does it encourage the liveliness of the spouting type. As a result, this type needs to be able to satisfy not the specific wants of people, but the more general wants of human sensibility. Moreover, unlike the other types, its higher emphasis on physical characteristics calls for thorough examination of the physical factors that elicit varied human sensibilities. Water bodies that make use of this kind of water work are currently being integrated into our surroundings via urban parks, and will continue to make its presence in the future while evolving and changing its shape to satisfy the various wants of an ever changing people. Therefore, the study and engineering of human sensibility needs to take on a more personal, more human form, which is a vital component in creating a variety of water bodies.
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