Abstract ▼ AI-Helper

Overuse and abuse of antibiotics have been related to a rise of antibiotic resistant bacteria in natural environments including mineral waters. The additional issue in increasing number of antibiotic resistant bacteria is spreading the resistance by natural genetic material exchange among bacteria (...

Overuse and abuse of antibiotics have been related to a rise of antibiotic resistant bacteria in natural environments including mineral waters. The additional issue in increasing number of antibiotic resistant bacteria is spreading the resistance by natural genetic material exchange among bacteria (e.g. horizontal gene transfer) evoking a potential environmental problem. In this study, we examined the contamination of mineral waters by checking the existence of antibiotic resistant bacteria in the popular mineral water springs that people have regarded as an extra-source of drinking waters. Using the isolated bacteria (mostly, E. coli) from 36 springs in Goyang city sampled from 2009. 2 to 2009. 9, we performed basic antibiotic resistant tests against 15 types of antibiotics. Among 245 isolates of E. coli strains, 68.6% (168 strains) was resistant to at least one antibiotics and 8.6% (21 strains) showed multi-drug resistant to more than two antibiotics. One strain was resistant to twelve antibiotics. The most common multi-drug resistance pattern was found as against two typical antibiotics, Cephalothin and Tetracyclin (16 strains, 6.5%). The highest antibiotic resistant rate was Cephalothin (146 strains, 59.6%) and followed by Ampicillin (20 strains, 8.2%), Streptomycin (19 strains, 7.8%), and Trimethoprim/Sulfamethoxazole (14 strains, 5.7%). Among those multi-drug resistant isolates, 4 strains was confirmed as extended-spectrum ß-lactamase (ESBL) strains by double-disk synergy test. In order to characterize the ESBL strains in terms of ß-lactamase genotypes, we conducted the polymerase chain reaction (PCR) using known primers of ESBL types and sequenced the PCR product for the comparison.

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