The objective of this study was to help Korean language learners understand and utilize the Korean language and Korean culture effectively by teaching them non-verbal expressions systematically through analyzing Korean movies as educational contents for improving their communication skills. Non-verb...
The objective of this study was to help Korean language learners understand and utilize the Korean language and Korean culture effectively by teaching them non-verbal expressions systematically through analyzing Korean movies as educational contents for improving their communication skills. Non-verbal expressions, which occupy over 70% of communication activities, are an essential part in educating Korean language learners from various cultural regions and language regions. This study uses Korean movies as basic materials for analyzing non-verbal expressions. Using various non-verbal expressions in the movies, this research tried to build a framework for future research on non-verbal expressions to improve Korean language learners' communicative functions. Because the scope of non-verbal expressions is quite extensive and the definitions of related terms also vary among researchers, even it is not easy to select appropriate terms. The general meaning of the term 'non-verbal expression' used in this study may comprehend other terms. Thus, we use the term 'non-verbal expression,' but when discussing previous studies or focusing on communication, we may use 'non-verbal communication' or 'non-verbal behavior' interchangeably.
Chapter II presented the patterns of non-verbal expressions. In order to utilize non-verbal expressions in Korean language education, we need to identify the basic patterns of non-verbal expression. It may be the first step toward the understanding of non-verbal expressions to investigate how these patterns are used as a means of communication. This study limited the patterns to bodily gesture, facial expression, posture, stare, and contact, which can also be expressed verbally or emotionally, and attempted to help Korean language learners understand the five patterns using scenes in movies or dramas. Education of non-verbal expressions for Korean language learners should be helpful to Korean language learners' understanding of Korean culture and improvement in their communication skills. The use of movies or dramas is the most common way of improving communication skills, and the utilization of visual media has been studied steadily and known to be most effective in the area of Korean language education. The non-verbal expressions to be listed in this study are also expected to improve the learners' communication skills through seeing how they are utilized in movies or dramas.
Chapter III analyzed non-verbal expressions and their frequency in 9 Korean movies and 1 Korean-Japanese drama in order to make a list of non-verbal expressions to be used as basic materials for research on the education of non-verbal expressions. A criterion for selecting movies and dramas was whether the characters' various non-verbal behaviors were expressed clearly in the scenes. As our goal was not teaching movies, if a movie contained rich non-verbal expressions although not educational, it was considered suitable as a subject of this study. Furthermore, we investigated the frequency of non-verbal expressions in the visual media in order to help learners understand how often specific behaviors are used. What is more, we tried to enhance learners' understanding of non-verbal behaviors through comparison among different cultural regions or language regions. As Korean language learners are from various countries, other countries' non-verbal expressions should also be presented although Korean non-verbal expressions are important. In other words, a simple expression may signify totally different meanings among cultural regions, and by exploring such differences, learners may broaden their understanding not only of communication but also of culture.
Based on non-verbal expressions in movies analyzed in Chapter III, Chapter IV established a system applicable to Korean language education. As demonstrated by experiments with language learners, learning non-verbal expressions is quite critical in Korean language education. Accordingly, for improvement in communication, the ultimate goal of non-verbal expressions, first we need to classify such expressions according to function. Here, 'function' implies seven communication-related functions, which are social function, emotional expression function, explanatory function, discourse function, covenantal function, question-answer function, and cultural function. Non-verbal expressions grouped by function were again classified into four sub-groups 'non-verbal behavior, involved body part, pattern, and related expression.' Lastly, after behaviors involving each body part were described, they were divided into patterns 'bodily gesture, facial expression, posture, stare, and contact.' With regard to related expression, idiomatic expressions and verbal expressions were described together. Separate explanations were provided to give additional information on non-verbal behaviors, and if one behavior had two or more important patterns, all the characteristics of the patterns were explained. Furthermore, we made suggestions for the effective learning of non-verbal expressions. Because this study used visual media, it may increase interest in the use of movies or dramas and be helpful to improvement in communication skills.
What this study aimed at with regard to non-verbal expressions was not only presenting such behaviors but also describing them in the context of Korean culture. It was because understanding a country's non-verbal expressions is nothing but understanding the country's culture, language and people and this can be a shortcut to improvement in communication skills. In addition, the list of non-verbal expressions made in this study may provide a stepping stone to the development of special textbooks on functions and situations for Korean language learners. If the analysis frame used in this study is refined further and used to make textbooks on non-verbal expressions for Korean language learners, it will be highly valuable in extending the diversity of Korean language teaching methods.
The objective of this study was to help Korean language learners understand and utilize the Korean language and Korean culture effectively by teaching them non-verbal expressions systematically through analyzing Korean movies as educational contents for improving their communication skills. Non-verbal expressions, which occupy over 70% of communication activities, are an essential part in educating Korean language learners from various cultural regions and language regions. This study uses Korean movies as basic materials for analyzing non-verbal expressions. Using various non-verbal expressions in the movies, this research tried to build a framework for future research on non-verbal expressions to improve Korean language learners' communicative functions. Because the scope of non-verbal expressions is quite extensive and the definitions of related terms also vary among researchers, even it is not easy to select appropriate terms. The general meaning of the term 'non-verbal expression' used in this study may comprehend other terms. Thus, we use the term 'non-verbal expression,' but when discussing previous studies or focusing on communication, we may use 'non-verbal communication' or 'non-verbal behavior' interchangeably.
Chapter II presented the patterns of non-verbal expressions. In order to utilize non-verbal expressions in Korean language education, we need to identify the basic patterns of non-verbal expression. It may be the first step toward the understanding of non-verbal expressions to investigate how these patterns are used as a means of communication. This study limited the patterns to bodily gesture, facial expression, posture, stare, and contact, which can also be expressed verbally or emotionally, and attempted to help Korean language learners understand the five patterns using scenes in movies or dramas. Education of non-verbal expressions for Korean language learners should be helpful to Korean language learners' understanding of Korean culture and improvement in their communication skills. The use of movies or dramas is the most common way of improving communication skills, and the utilization of visual media has been studied steadily and known to be most effective in the area of Korean language education. The non-verbal expressions to be listed in this study are also expected to improve the learners' communication skills through seeing how they are utilized in movies or dramas.
Chapter III analyzed non-verbal expressions and their frequency in 9 Korean movies and 1 Korean-Japanese drama in order to make a list of non-verbal expressions to be used as basic materials for research on the education of non-verbal expressions. A criterion for selecting movies and dramas was whether the characters' various non-verbal behaviors were expressed clearly in the scenes. As our goal was not teaching movies, if a movie contained rich non-verbal expressions although not educational, it was considered suitable as a subject of this study. Furthermore, we investigated the frequency of non-verbal expressions in the visual media in order to help learners understand how often specific behaviors are used. What is more, we tried to enhance learners' understanding of non-verbal behaviors through comparison among different cultural regions or language regions. As Korean language learners are from various countries, other countries' non-verbal expressions should also be presented although Korean non-verbal expressions are important. In other words, a simple expression may signify totally different meanings among cultural regions, and by exploring such differences, learners may broaden their understanding not only of communication but also of culture.
Based on non-verbal expressions in movies analyzed in Chapter III, Chapter IV established a system applicable to Korean language education. As demonstrated by experiments with language learners, learning non-verbal expressions is quite critical in Korean language education. Accordingly, for improvement in communication, the ultimate goal of non-verbal expressions, first we need to classify such expressions according to function. Here, 'function' implies seven communication-related functions, which are social function, emotional expression function, explanatory function, discourse function, covenantal function, question-answer function, and cultural function. Non-verbal expressions grouped by function were again classified into four sub-groups 'non-verbal behavior, involved body part, pattern, and related expression.' Lastly, after behaviors involving each body part were described, they were divided into patterns 'bodily gesture, facial expression, posture, stare, and contact.' With regard to related expression, idiomatic expressions and verbal expressions were described together. Separate explanations were provided to give additional information on non-verbal behaviors, and if one behavior had two or more important patterns, all the characteristics of the patterns were explained. Furthermore, we made suggestions for the effective learning of non-verbal expressions. Because this study used visual media, it may increase interest in the use of movies or dramas and be helpful to improvement in communication skills.
What this study aimed at with regard to non-verbal expressions was not only presenting such behaviors but also describing them in the context of Korean culture. It was because understanding a country's non-verbal expressions is nothing but understanding the country's culture, language and people and this can be a shortcut to improvement in communication skills. In addition, the list of non-verbal expressions made in this study may provide a stepping stone to the development of special textbooks on functions and situations for Korean language learners. If the analysis frame used in this study is refined further and used to make textbooks on non-verbal expressions for Korean language learners, it will be highly valuable in extending the diversity of Korean language teaching methods.
주제어
#비언어적 표현
#비언어적 행위
#영화 및 드라마
#몸짓
#얼굴표정
#자세
#응시
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