The vulnerability of the sandwich panels against fire has become an inflammable issue in Korean society in the wake of the tragic incidents such as the Icheon Refrigerating Facility Fire in 2008, the fire at the massive logistics facility in Anyang, 2004, and Sealand Juvenile Training Facility Fire ...
The vulnerability of the sandwich panels against fire has become an inflammable issue in Korean society in the wake of the tragic incidents such as the Icheon Refrigerating Facility Fire in 2008, the fire at the massive logistics facility in Anyang, 2004, and Sealand Juvenile Training Facility Fire in 1999. In this regard, we have conducted this study in order to determine the best combination factor for the Flame Retardant improvement and eventually develop incombustible EPS sandwich panel in consideration of the economic feasibility and application in actual construction. For the purpose of verification, the experiments were conducted in two separated phases, namely the preliminary phase and the main phase experiment. The preliminary experiment was designed to determine the ultimate combination ratio as well as the mixture rate to achieve Flame Retardant applicable to real-world usage. As a result, the heat emission tests of the fabricated EPS sandwich panels as well as toxic gas emission testing and comparison between the normal EPS sandwich panels and sandwich panel products from other manufacturers were conducted to verify the advantages of the newly developed sandwich panel model. 1. In the preliminary experimental phase, 3 configurations of the combination between the degenerated glass material and the sealants were put to test. After that, acrylic thickening agents, fly ash, silica-waste powder cakes were consecutively applied for further testing. To endow viscosity and water repelling functionality, we also applied slime, boric acid, and silicon oil. The Flame Retardant appeared to be the greatest in case of using boric acid, which also had a nice mixture ratio. But, boric acid resulted in lowered water resistance, which was certainly a disadvantage for the material. For this reason, we repeatedly tested by applying silicon oil for viscosity test, 6 times in total. As a result the sample No. 4 (On degenerated glass 100% basis, silica powder 7%, Brox 5%, Silicon Oil 1%) showed a remarkable mixture factor and was identified as our final combination result. 2. With the combination mixture formula identified above, we built 2 prototypes. During the experiment, Prototype 1 was only applied with the coating method (single layer coating with the finally identified coating material within the dryer), and Prototype 2 (single layer coating in the dryer and the coating agent was inserted for immersion during the 2nd phase forming) was processed to achieve Flame Retardant by using both of anti-combustion agent and immersion method in the process to endow Flame Retardant. 3. As a result of the heat emission testing, Prototype 1-a took 44 seconds until it caught fire while Prototype 1-a' did not catch fire at all. As for the total heat emission, Prototype 1-a marked 0.4[MJ/㎡], and Prototype 1-a' was at 1.0 [MJ/㎡]. This meant that both of the Prototypes satisfied the performance test criterion of 8[MJ/㎡]. The maximum heat emission rate of sample 1-a was 5.0[kw/㎡] with sample 1-a' at 15.1[kw/㎡]. Both of the samples were well under the standard requirement of 200[kw/㎡] ceiling. Sample 2-a, 2-a' did not catch fire at all. The heat emission rate of sample 2-a was 0.5[MJ/㎡] and that of sample s-a' was 0.2[MJ/㎡], with both of them satisfying the performance requirement of 8[MJ/㎡]. The maximum heat emission rate turned out to be 7.4[kw/㎡] for sample 2-a and 4.4[kw/㎡] for sample 2-a' respectively, both of them well under the criterion of 200[kw/㎡]. The emersion of the samples revealed that it prevented fracture or melting on the subjects and malevolent melting also did not occur. All in all, the overall Flame Retardant of the EPS sandwich panels was satisfactory.
The vulnerability of the sandwich panels against fire has become an inflammable issue in Korean society in the wake of the tragic incidents such as the Icheon Refrigerating Facility Fire in 2008, the fire at the massive logistics facility in Anyang, 2004, and Sealand Juvenile Training Facility Fire in 1999. In this regard, we have conducted this study in order to determine the best combination factor for the Flame Retardant improvement and eventually develop incombustible EPS sandwich panel in consideration of the economic feasibility and application in actual construction. For the purpose of verification, the experiments were conducted in two separated phases, namely the preliminary phase and the main phase experiment. The preliminary experiment was designed to determine the ultimate combination ratio as well as the mixture rate to achieve Flame Retardant applicable to real-world usage. As a result, the heat emission tests of the fabricated EPS sandwich panels as well as toxic gas emission testing and comparison between the normal EPS sandwich panels and sandwich panel products from other manufacturers were conducted to verify the advantages of the newly developed sandwich panel model. 1. In the preliminary experimental phase, 3 configurations of the combination between the degenerated glass material and the sealants were put to test. After that, acrylic thickening agents, fly ash, silica-waste powder cakes were consecutively applied for further testing. To endow viscosity and water repelling functionality, we also applied slime, boric acid, and silicon oil. The Flame Retardant appeared to be the greatest in case of using boric acid, which also had a nice mixture ratio. But, boric acid resulted in lowered water resistance, which was certainly a disadvantage for the material. For this reason, we repeatedly tested by applying silicon oil for viscosity test, 6 times in total. As a result the sample No. 4 (On degenerated glass 100% basis, silica powder 7%, Brox 5%, Silicon Oil 1%) showed a remarkable mixture factor and was identified as our final combination result. 2. With the combination mixture formula identified above, we built 2 prototypes. During the experiment, Prototype 1 was only applied with the coating method (single layer coating with the finally identified coating material within the dryer), and Prototype 2 (single layer coating in the dryer and the coating agent was inserted for immersion during the 2nd phase forming) was processed to achieve Flame Retardant by using both of anti-combustion agent and immersion method in the process to endow Flame Retardant. 3. As a result of the heat emission testing, Prototype 1-a took 44 seconds until it caught fire while Prototype 1-a' did not catch fire at all. As for the total heat emission, Prototype 1-a marked 0.4[MJ/㎡], and Prototype 1-a' was at 1.0 [MJ/㎡]. This meant that both of the Prototypes satisfied the performance test criterion of 8[MJ/㎡]. The maximum heat emission rate of sample 1-a was 5.0[kw/㎡] with sample 1-a' at 15.1[kw/㎡]. Both of the samples were well under the standard requirement of 200[kw/㎡] ceiling. Sample 2-a, 2-a' did not catch fire at all. The heat emission rate of sample 2-a was 0.5[MJ/㎡] and that of sample s-a' was 0.2[MJ/㎡], with both of them satisfying the performance requirement of 8[MJ/㎡]. The maximum heat emission rate turned out to be 7.4[kw/㎡] for sample 2-a and 4.4[kw/㎡] for sample 2-a' respectively, both of them well under the criterion of 200[kw/㎡]. The emersion of the samples revealed that it prevented fracture or melting on the subjects and malevolent melting also did not occur. All in all, the overall Flame Retardant of the EPS sandwich panels was satisfactory.
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