The purpose of this study was to investigate the influence of implant and drill diameters on the stability of implant and bone response. The implant (GS II, Osstem implant Co., Ltd., Seoul, Korea) with 3.5 mm diameter and drill with 3 different diameter was used in this study. The drill systems used...
The purpose of this study was to investigate the influence of implant and drill diameters on the stability of implant and bone response. The implant (GS II, Osstem implant Co., Ltd., Seoul, Korea) with 3.5 mm diameter and drill with 3 different diameter was used in this study. The drill systems used were 3.0 mm drill, smaller size than inner diameter of implant thread, 3.3 mm drill, intermediate size of inner and out-diameter and 3.5 mm drill, the same size of out-diameter. In vitro, patterns of bone compression were observed and heat generation was measured in pig tibia and bovine pelvis, respectively, during implant site preparation. In vivo, the measuring of insertion torque and observation of bone compression patterns was done in mini-pig during implant site preparation. And also, analysis of resonance frequency, histomorphology, marginal bone resorption and new bone formation were performed.
Our results showed that micro strains and micro cracks were occurred in cortical bone around thread when used drill with smaller diameter than that of thread. The heat generation during implant site preparation was significantly high as using small diameter drill and high insertion torque. When used small diameter drill, higher implant stability was shown and maintained. Concomitantly, the contact area ratio of bone-implant was also significantly high immediately after implant site preparation and the value of ratio was not lower compared with large diameter drills although decrease of the ratio was shown with passing of time. In cancellous bone, the stage of new bone formation was not different in each test group. However, the formation of new bone was faster and active when used large diameter drill and large interface between bone and implant in cortical bone. The amount of marginal bone absorption according to the bone formation with passing of time was faster when used smaller diameter drill than thread of implant although it was not significantly different according to the size of drill diameter.
In conclusion, using of drill with small diameter was thought to be advantageous for success of implant in immediate or early loading required primary high stability. However, in delayed loading, it is desirable to use intermediate size drill between inner and outer diameter of implant thread judging with new bone formation, marginal bone loss and primary stability.
The purpose of this study was to investigate the influence of implant and drill diameters on the stability of implant and bone response. The implant (GS II, Osstem implant Co., Ltd., Seoul, Korea) with 3.5 mm diameter and drill with 3 different diameter was used in this study. The drill systems used were 3.0 mm drill, smaller size than inner diameter of implant thread, 3.3 mm drill, intermediate size of inner and out-diameter and 3.5 mm drill, the same size of out-diameter. In vitro, patterns of bone compression were observed and heat generation was measured in pig tibia and bovine pelvis, respectively, during implant site preparation. In vivo, the measuring of insertion torque and observation of bone compression patterns was done in mini-pig during implant site preparation. And also, analysis of resonance frequency, histomorphology, marginal bone resorption and new bone formation were performed.
Our results showed that micro strains and micro cracks were occurred in cortical bone around thread when used drill with smaller diameter than that of thread. The heat generation during implant site preparation was significantly high as using small diameter drill and high insertion torque. When used small diameter drill, higher implant stability was shown and maintained. Concomitantly, the contact area ratio of bone-implant was also significantly high immediately after implant site preparation and the value of ratio was not lower compared with large diameter drills although decrease of the ratio was shown with passing of time. In cancellous bone, the stage of new bone formation was not different in each test group. However, the formation of new bone was faster and active when used large diameter drill and large interface between bone and implant in cortical bone. The amount of marginal bone absorption according to the bone formation with passing of time was faster when used smaller diameter drill than thread of implant although it was not significantly different according to the size of drill diameter.
In conclusion, using of drill with small diameter was thought to be advantageous for success of implant in immediate or early loading required primary high stability. However, in delayed loading, it is desirable to use intermediate size drill between inner and outer diameter of implant thread judging with new bone formation, marginal bone loss and primary stability.
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