ABSTRACT As a single-atom-thick sheet of hexagonally arrayed sp2-bonded carbon, the graphene has a received significant scientific and technological attention in the past few years owing to its extraordinary electronic and mechanical properties such as high mobility of charge carriers, high thermal ...
ABSTRACT As a single-atom-thick sheet of hexagonally arrayed sp2-bonded carbon, the graphene has a received significant scientific and technological attention in the past few years owing to its extraordinary electronic and mechanical properties such as high mobility of charge carriers, high thermal conductivity, high mechanical strength, extremely large surface area, etc. In this work, we have synthesized the reduced graphene oxide (RGO) by chemical exfoliation method using graphite and prepared the RGO/polyaniline (RGO/PANI) nanocomposites by the in-situ polymerization of aniline monomer. The synthesized graphite oxide, RGO and RGO/PANI nanocomposites were analyzed by several promising characterization techniques. The morphological observation was carried out using field emission scanning electron microscopy (FESEM, Hitachi S-5500, Japan), transmission electron microscopy (TEM, JEOL, JEM-2010, Japan) and atomic force microscope(AFM, Digital Instruments, Multy Mode-Bio Scope, USA). Information about crystallinity was obtained from the X-ray diffraction (XRD; Phillips, X'PERT-MRD, Cu Kα, λ=1.54178 Å). The structural characterizations were performed by use of Nano-raman spectroscopy (NT-MDT, NTEGRA, Russia) and Fourier transform infrared spectra (FTIR, JASCO, FT/IR-4100, Japan). The optical properties were studied by UV–visible absorbance (JASCO, V-670, Japan) and Photoluminescence (PL, JASCO, FP-6500, Japan). At first, graphite oxide was prepared by the reported Hummers method and thereafter, the RGO was synthesized by the reduction of the graphite oxide using hydrazine as a reducing agent. A mass change analysis revealed that due to the incomplete reduction of graphite oxide, the RGO was found to contain some residual oxygen functional groups. The morphological studies showed the lamellar microstructures of graphene sheets of thickness 1.0∼8.8 nm. Interestingly in the nanocomposites due to the high overall coverage of PANI, the layered structures of graphene were not observed. The appearance of a broad (002) diffraction peak in the XRD spectra indicated the successful synthesis of GO and RGO. The Raman and FTIR spectra of the nanocomposites depicted the peak shifts and the intensity changes which might occur due to the existence of bonding between PANI and RGO sheets. The UV-vis studies exhibited the gradual increment of the absorbance peak with the increase of graphene wt% in the nanocomposites, which confirmed the interaction of graphene with quinoid ring of PANI. Finally, the dc-conductivity(σdc) of PANI and nanocomposites were measured by Keithley Electrometer. The σdc increases with the increase of RGO wt%. However, the decrease in conductivity is noticed for 4 wt% and thereafter for higher wt% of RGO, the conductivity becomes constant.
ABSTRACT As a single-atom-thick sheet of hexagonally arrayed sp2-bonded carbon, the graphene has a received significant scientific and technological attention in the past few years owing to its extraordinary electronic and mechanical properties such as high mobility of charge carriers, high thermal conductivity, high mechanical strength, extremely large surface area, etc. In this work, we have synthesized the reduced graphene oxide (RGO) by chemical exfoliation method using graphite and prepared the RGO/polyaniline (RGO/PANI) nanocomposites by the in-situ polymerization of aniline monomer. The synthesized graphite oxide, RGO and RGO/PANI nanocomposites were analyzed by several promising characterization techniques. The morphological observation was carried out using field emission scanning electron microscopy (FESEM, Hitachi S-5500, Japan), transmission electron microscopy (TEM, JEOL, JEM-2010, Japan) and atomic force microscope(AFM, Digital Instruments, Multy Mode-Bio Scope, USA). Information about crystallinity was obtained from the X-ray diffraction (XRD; Phillips, X'PERT-MRD, Cu Kα, λ=1.54178 Å). The structural characterizations were performed by use of Nano-raman spectroscopy (NT-MDT, NTEGRA, Russia) and Fourier transform infrared spectra (FTIR, JASCO, FT/IR-4100, Japan). The optical properties were studied by UV–visible absorbance (JASCO, V-670, Japan) and Photoluminescence (PL, JASCO, FP-6500, Japan). At first, graphite oxide was prepared by the reported Hummers method and thereafter, the RGO was synthesized by the reduction of the graphite oxide using hydrazine as a reducing agent. A mass change analysis revealed that due to the incomplete reduction of graphite oxide, the RGO was found to contain some residual oxygen functional groups. The morphological studies showed the lamellar microstructures of graphene sheets of thickness 1.0∼8.8 nm. Interestingly in the nanocomposites due to the high overall coverage of PANI, the layered structures of graphene were not observed. The appearance of a broad (002) diffraction peak in the XRD spectra indicated the successful synthesis of GO and RGO. The Raman and FTIR spectra of the nanocomposites depicted the peak shifts and the intensity changes which might occur due to the existence of bonding between PANI and RGO sheets. The UV-vis studies exhibited the gradual increment of the absorbance peak with the increase of graphene wt% in the nanocomposites, which confirmed the interaction of graphene with quinoid ring of PANI. Finally, the dc-conductivity(σdc) of PANI and nanocomposites were measured by Keithley Electrometer. The σdc increases with the increase of RGO wt%. However, the decrease in conductivity is noticed for 4 wt% and thereafter for higher wt% of RGO, the conductivity becomes constant.
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