Recent studies have focused on materials derived from plants as mite-control products against house dust mites (Dermatophagoides farinae, D. pteronyssinus) and stored food mites (Tyrophagus putrescentiae) because repeated use of synthetic acaricides had led to resistance and unwanted activities on n...
Recent studies have focused on materials derived from plants as mite-control products against house dust mites (Dermatophagoides farinae, D. pteronyssinus) and stored food mites (Tyrophagus putrescentiae) because repeated use of synthetic acaricides had led to resistance and unwanted activities on non-target organisms. Lycopus lucidus has been traditionally employed in oriental medicine. This crude drug is used to treat inflammation, menstruation disorders, and edema. The aim of this study was to evaluate the acaricidal activities of components isolated from Lycopus lucidus oil against D. farinae, D. pteronyssinus, and T. putrescentiae. The essential oil of L. lucidus was extracted using a steam distillation extraction (SDE) method. The acaricidal activities of the essential oil extracted L. lucidus were evaluated with a fumigant method and a filter paper method. In a fumigant method, the LD50 values of L. lucidus oil were 2.19, 2.25, and 8.45 ㎍/㎤ against D. farinae, D. pteronyssinus, and T. putrescentiae. In a filter paper method, the LD50 values of L. lucidus oil were 6.13, 6.75, and 16.20 ㎍/㎠ against D. farinae, D. pteronyssinus, and T. putrescentiae. The acaricidal constituents of L. lucidus were isolated by chromatographic techniques and identified as caryophyllene oxide (J3121) and 1-octen-3-ol (J3311). The acaricidal activities of caryophyllene oxide, 1-octen-3-ol, and their derivatives were evaluated against D. farinae, D. pteronyssinus, and T. putrescentiae using fumigant and filter paper methods. In a fumigant method against D. farinae, D. pteronyssinus, and T. putrescentiae, the acaricidal activity of caryophyllene oxide (1.36, 1.38 ㎍/㎤) was 7.4 and 6.9 times more toxic than benzyl benzoate (10.02, 9.56 ㎍/㎤), followed by α-humulene (1.75, 1.71 ㎍/㎤) and trans-caryophyllene (3.13, 3.58 ㎍/㎤). Futhermore, the acaricidal activity of 1-octen-3-ol (0.25, 0.27, 2.35 ㎍/㎤) was 40.1, 35.4, and 4.9 times more active than benzyl benzoate (10.02, 9.56, 11.53 ㎍/㎤), followed by 3,7-dimethyl-1-octen-3-ol (0.29, 0.37, 2.41 ㎍/㎤), 1-octen-3-yl butyrate (2.32, 2.36, 5.20 ㎍/㎤), 1-octen-3-yl acetate (2.42, 2.48, 5.80 ㎍/㎤), and 3,7-dimethyl-1-octene (9.34, 9.90 ㎍/㎤). However, the acaricidal activities of caryophyllene oxide, trans-caryophyllene, α-humulene, and 3,7-dimethyl-1-octene against T. putrescentiae exhibited no activity. Using a filter paper method against D. farinae, D. pteronyssinus, and T. putrescentiae, the acaricidal activity of caryophyllene oxide (0.44, 0.47 ㎍/㎠) was 17.8 and 12.7 times more toxic than benzyl benzoate (7.83, 5.96 ㎍/㎤), followed by α-humulene (0.67, 0.62 ㎍/㎠) and trans-caryophyllene (0.91, 1.11 ㎍/㎠). The acaricidal activity of 1-octen-3-ol (0.63, 0.78, 7.50 ㎍/㎠) was 12.5, 7.6, and 1.1 times more active than benzyl benzoate (7.83, 5.96, 8.41 ㎍/㎠), followed by 3,7-dimethyl-1-octen-3-ol (1.09, 1.17, 4.37 ㎍/㎠), 1-octen-3-yl acetate (7.75, 8.10, 12.25 ㎍/㎠) 1-octen-3-yl butyrate (7.88, 8.22, 14.05 ㎍/㎠), and 3,7-dimethyl-1-octene (12.88, 13.02 ㎍/㎠). However, the acaricidal activity of caryophyllene oxide, trans-caryophyllene, α-humulene, and 3,7-dimethyl-1-octene against T. putrescentiae was no activity. In structure-activity relationships, the acaricidal activities of 1-octen-3-ol derivatives could be related to hydroxy (-OH) group. Furthermore, caryophyllene, 1-octen-3-ol and its derivatives could be useful for natural acaricides against three mite species.
Recent studies have focused on materials derived from plants as mite-control products against house dust mites (Dermatophagoides farinae, D. pteronyssinus) and stored food mites (Tyrophagus putrescentiae) because repeated use of synthetic acaricides had led to resistance and unwanted activities on non-target organisms. Lycopus lucidus has been traditionally employed in oriental medicine. This crude drug is used to treat inflammation, menstruation disorders, and edema. The aim of this study was to evaluate the acaricidal activities of components isolated from Lycopus lucidus oil against D. farinae, D. pteronyssinus, and T. putrescentiae. The essential oil of L. lucidus was extracted using a steam distillation extraction (SDE) method. The acaricidal activities of the essential oil extracted L. lucidus were evaluated with a fumigant method and a filter paper method. In a fumigant method, the LD50 values of L. lucidus oil were 2.19, 2.25, and 8.45 ㎍/㎤ against D. farinae, D. pteronyssinus, and T. putrescentiae. In a filter paper method, the LD50 values of L. lucidus oil were 6.13, 6.75, and 16.20 ㎍/㎠ against D. farinae, D. pteronyssinus, and T. putrescentiae. The acaricidal constituents of L. lucidus were isolated by chromatographic techniques and identified as caryophyllene oxide (J3121) and 1-octen-3-ol (J3311). The acaricidal activities of caryophyllene oxide, 1-octen-3-ol, and their derivatives were evaluated against D. farinae, D. pteronyssinus, and T. putrescentiae using fumigant and filter paper methods. In a fumigant method against D. farinae, D. pteronyssinus, and T. putrescentiae, the acaricidal activity of caryophyllene oxide (1.36, 1.38 ㎍/㎤) was 7.4 and 6.9 times more toxic than benzyl benzoate (10.02, 9.56 ㎍/㎤), followed by α-humulene (1.75, 1.71 ㎍/㎤) and trans-caryophyllene (3.13, 3.58 ㎍/㎤). Futhermore, the acaricidal activity of 1-octen-3-ol (0.25, 0.27, 2.35 ㎍/㎤) was 40.1, 35.4, and 4.9 times more active than benzyl benzoate (10.02, 9.56, 11.53 ㎍/㎤), followed by 3,7-dimethyl-1-octen-3-ol (0.29, 0.37, 2.41 ㎍/㎤), 1-octen-3-yl butyrate (2.32, 2.36, 5.20 ㎍/㎤), 1-octen-3-yl acetate (2.42, 2.48, 5.80 ㎍/㎤), and 3,7-dimethyl-1-octene (9.34, 9.90 ㎍/㎤). However, the acaricidal activities of caryophyllene oxide, trans-caryophyllene, α-humulene, and 3,7-dimethyl-1-octene against T. putrescentiae exhibited no activity. Using a filter paper method against D. farinae, D. pteronyssinus, and T. putrescentiae, the acaricidal activity of caryophyllene oxide (0.44, 0.47 ㎍/㎠) was 17.8 and 12.7 times more toxic than benzyl benzoate (7.83, 5.96 ㎍/㎤), followed by α-humulene (0.67, 0.62 ㎍/㎠) and trans-caryophyllene (0.91, 1.11 ㎍/㎠). The acaricidal activity of 1-octen-3-ol (0.63, 0.78, 7.50 ㎍/㎠) was 12.5, 7.6, and 1.1 times more active than benzyl benzoate (7.83, 5.96, 8.41 ㎍/㎠), followed by 3,7-dimethyl-1-octen-3-ol (1.09, 1.17, 4.37 ㎍/㎠), 1-octen-3-yl acetate (7.75, 8.10, 12.25 ㎍/㎠) 1-octen-3-yl butyrate (7.88, 8.22, 14.05 ㎍/㎠), and 3,7-dimethyl-1-octene (12.88, 13.02 ㎍/㎠). However, the acaricidal activity of caryophyllene oxide, trans-caryophyllene, α-humulene, and 3,7-dimethyl-1-octene against T. putrescentiae was no activity. In structure-activity relationships, the acaricidal activities of 1-octen-3-ol derivatives could be related to hydroxy (-OH) group. Furthermore, caryophyllene, 1-octen-3-ol and its derivatives could be useful for natural acaricides against three mite species.
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