The purpose of this study is to offer the basic materials for the development of nutrition education programs for adolescents and help home economics teachers in schools implement effective dietary education by examining adolescent's purchasing behavior of processed foods and awareness of food addit...
The purpose of this study is to offer the basic materials for the development of nutrition education programs for adolescents and help home economics teachers in schools implement effective dietary education by examining adolescent's purchasing behavior of processed foods and awareness of food additives.
To achieve this purpose, 5 middle schools in Jinju, South Gyeongsang Province were selected at random and materials were collected from a total of 840 subjects through a questionnaire. The materials were tested or analyzed using a frequency analysis, a descriptive statistical analysis, a reliability test, a chi-square test, a t-test, and one-way ANOVA, and for Duncan's multiple range test was conducted.
The results of this study can be summarized as follows:
First, as a result of figuring out adolescent's purchasing behavior of processed food and the difference in accordance with social, demographic variables, they considered taste and price mainly when choosing foods. They gave an answer in the following order related to using nutritional knowledge learned in school: "I learned but I don't use it“, “I did not learn so I can't use it", and "I utilize it very well." The results showed that what they consider important when checking food display information was "shelf life" and "the price". It was observed that 56% of them check additives display information in food when purchasing the processed food. With regards to how to reduce food additive intake, it was found out that most of them never practiced it. In terms of demographic factors, the more likely they are a girl student; the lower grader they are; and the lowerer price they purchasing processed food at; the better they used the nutritional knowledge learned in school. Concerning how to reduce food additives, the findings indicated the lower price they buy processed food for one day at, they practiced the tips they learned. In the intention to select food with less additives, girl students showed more intention than boy students.
Second, the average of adolescent's awareness of food additives was 3.74 points, which means that they have a negative awareness of restriction against food additives, safety, and functions. In correct answers in question on knowledge of food additives, the questionnaire showed they are confused between a seasoning and a sweetening agent. In the degree of an interest in food additives indicated 2.26 points on average, suggesting that most students recognize that foods additives are not safe for health and cause diseases. However, they answered that the amount of food additives they intake is in the higher safe level than the base line and they never practice tips on how to reduce food additives. In the gender related to the perception of food additives according to demographic factors, girl students showed higher recognition than boy students. In the cost of buying processed foods, the results showed that the lower cost they spend at, the higher recognition they have. Concerning food additives knowledge, the higher grade they are in; and the lower the cost for purchasing processed foods is, the higher the knowledge scores are. The interest in food additives showed the highest level in 3rd graders, followed by 1st graders, and 2nd graders, and the cost of their purchasing processed foods was ₩ 1000 or less, ₩ 3000 or more, and ₩ 1000~3000, respectively. The safety level of food additives they intake for 1 day showed the significant difference in genders, graders, monthly allowances, and the cost of purchasing processed foods. In the safety of food additives, boy students more recognized that they are safe, compared to girl students.
Third, in adolescent' awareness about food additives, they gave an answer more in this answer choice: "they have been educated about food additives during class." In the source of acquiring knowledges on food additives, the results were through mass media, technology and home economics teachers, and family members in order. The majority of students thought that they don't need the education about food additives. In the question items related to "the necessity of education," "interest level," and "help with real life," "How to eat less" and "How safe it is" showed the highest. About the education about food additives though a home making subject, most of them were satisfied with that. As effective teaching methods, they selected use of visual media first, followed by experimental cooking classes, field trips, and inquiry lessons using processed foods. As a result of analyzing the education on food additives in accordance with demographic factors, more number of girl students than boy students showed the need for the education on food additives, and the lower cost they spend purchasing processed foods for 1 day, the higher necessity of the education they indicate. The necessity of education contents on food additives showed significant difference depending on the cost of buying processed foods, and the degree of interest and help real-life according to gender indicated significant differences. In the field that they want to learn more in the class about of food additives, boy students gave an answer to the safety of food additives, and girl students to a way to intake less. which shows a little difference by gender. The satisfaction with education on food additives implemented in home economics education about food additives showed significant differences according to gender.
Fourth, according to the analysis on an influence path of variables that affects the necessity of the educational needs of food additives, it was found that the less processed foods they purchasing; the higher scores on processed foods they get; the more they are likely to be a woman, and the lower the cost for purchasing processed foods, the higher the necessity on education is.
Based upon these results, it is necessary to offers the consumer's level of education and training for their demands by accurately figuring out adolescent's purchasing behavior of processed foods and analyzing their awareness and knowledge about food additives. For this, home economics education must allow adolescents to lead healthy diet by implementing a systematic and professional training on food additives on a basis of the research and utilization of a variety of educational media and teaching and learning methods.
Lastly, suggestions for future researches can be made as fellows:
First, this study was conducted in only Jinju area of South Gyeongsang Province, so there are the limits to generalization of adolescent's purchasing behavior of processed foods and their awareness of education on food additives. Thus, further researches need to aim at young people from various regions.
Second, the measures used in this study are not the standardized ones for adolescent's purchasing behavior of processed foods, and their awareness of education on food additives, so the development of standardized measures is needed.
Third, the variables related to their purchasing behavior of processed foods, and their awareness of education on food additives were analyzed limited to gender, grade, BMI, monthly allowance, and one day purchasing cost, so the association between various factors are required to be identified in subsequent studies.
Fourth, this study aims to provide basic data for the development and research of the educational program for adolescents's good eating habits, so their are limitations to the presentation of the practical training program. For this reason, based on the results of this study, further studies should follow this study in order to develop and study an educational program for teaching and learning related to food additives.
The purpose of this study is to offer the basic materials for the development of nutrition education programs for adolescents and help home economics teachers in schools implement effective dietary education by examining adolescent's purchasing behavior of processed foods and awareness of food additives.
To achieve this purpose, 5 middle schools in Jinju, South Gyeongsang Province were selected at random and materials were collected from a total of 840 subjects through a questionnaire. The materials were tested or analyzed using a frequency analysis, a descriptive statistical analysis, a reliability test, a chi-square test, a t-test, and one-way ANOVA, and for Duncan's multiple range test was conducted.
The results of this study can be summarized as follows:
First, as a result of figuring out adolescent's purchasing behavior of processed food and the difference in accordance with social, demographic variables, they considered taste and price mainly when choosing foods. They gave an answer in the following order related to using nutritional knowledge learned in school: "I learned but I don't use it“, “I did not learn so I can't use it", and "I utilize it very well." The results showed that what they consider important when checking food display information was "shelf life" and "the price". It was observed that 56% of them check additives display information in food when purchasing the processed food. With regards to how to reduce food additive intake, it was found out that most of them never practiced it. In terms of demographic factors, the more likely they are a girl student; the lower grader they are; and the lowerer price they purchasing processed food at; the better they used the nutritional knowledge learned in school. Concerning how to reduce food additives, the findings indicated the lower price they buy processed food for one day at, they practiced the tips they learned. In the intention to select food with less additives, girl students showed more intention than boy students.
Second, the average of adolescent's awareness of food additives was 3.74 points, which means that they have a negative awareness of restriction against food additives, safety, and functions. In correct answers in question on knowledge of food additives, the questionnaire showed they are confused between a seasoning and a sweetening agent. In the degree of an interest in food additives indicated 2.26 points on average, suggesting that most students recognize that foods additives are not safe for health and cause diseases. However, they answered that the amount of food additives they intake is in the higher safe level than the base line and they never practice tips on how to reduce food additives. In the gender related to the perception of food additives according to demographic factors, girl students showed higher recognition than boy students. In the cost of buying processed foods, the results showed that the lower cost they spend at, the higher recognition they have. Concerning food additives knowledge, the higher grade they are in; and the lower the cost for purchasing processed foods is, the higher the knowledge scores are. The interest in food additives showed the highest level in 3rd graders, followed by 1st graders, and 2nd graders, and the cost of their purchasing processed foods was ₩ 1000 or less, ₩ 3000 or more, and ₩ 1000~3000, respectively. The safety level of food additives they intake for 1 day showed the significant difference in genders, graders, monthly allowances, and the cost of purchasing processed foods. In the safety of food additives, boy students more recognized that they are safe, compared to girl students.
Third, in adolescent' awareness about food additives, they gave an answer more in this answer choice: "they have been educated about food additives during class." In the source of acquiring knowledges on food additives, the results were through mass media, technology and home economics teachers, and family members in order. The majority of students thought that they don't need the education about food additives. In the question items related to "the necessity of education," "interest level," and "help with real life," "How to eat less" and "How safe it is" showed the highest. About the education about food additives though a home making subject, most of them were satisfied with that. As effective teaching methods, they selected use of visual media first, followed by experimental cooking classes, field trips, and inquiry lessons using processed foods. As a result of analyzing the education on food additives in accordance with demographic factors, more number of girl students than boy students showed the need for the education on food additives, and the lower cost they spend purchasing processed foods for 1 day, the higher necessity of the education they indicate. The necessity of education contents on food additives showed significant difference depending on the cost of buying processed foods, and the degree of interest and help real-life according to gender indicated significant differences. In the field that they want to learn more in the class about of food additives, boy students gave an answer to the safety of food additives, and girl students to a way to intake less. which shows a little difference by gender. The satisfaction with education on food additives implemented in home economics education about food additives showed significant differences according to gender.
Fourth, according to the analysis on an influence path of variables that affects the necessity of the educational needs of food additives, it was found that the less processed foods they purchasing; the higher scores on processed foods they get; the more they are likely to be a woman, and the lower the cost for purchasing processed foods, the higher the necessity on education is.
Based upon these results, it is necessary to offers the consumer's level of education and training for their demands by accurately figuring out adolescent's purchasing behavior of processed foods and analyzing their awareness and knowledge about food additives. For this, home economics education must allow adolescents to lead healthy diet by implementing a systematic and professional training on food additives on a basis of the research and utilization of a variety of educational media and teaching and learning methods.
Lastly, suggestions for future researches can be made as fellows:
First, this study was conducted in only Jinju area of South Gyeongsang Province, so there are the limits to generalization of adolescent's purchasing behavior of processed foods and their awareness of education on food additives. Thus, further researches need to aim at young people from various regions.
Second, the measures used in this study are not the standardized ones for adolescent's purchasing behavior of processed foods, and their awareness of education on food additives, so the development of standardized measures is needed.
Third, the variables related to their purchasing behavior of processed foods, and their awareness of education on food additives were analyzed limited to gender, grade, BMI, monthly allowance, and one day purchasing cost, so the association between various factors are required to be identified in subsequent studies.
Fourth, this study aims to provide basic data for the development and research of the educational program for adolescents's good eating habits, so their are limitations to the presentation of the practical training program. For this reason, based on the results of this study, further studies should follow this study in order to develop and study an educational program for teaching and learning related to food additives.
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