Skin is effectively provided as an anatomical barrier from various pathogens, physical damages and chemical damages for body defense. Despite of these aesthetic effects and protective functions, the skin aging was induced by many factors including intrinsic and extrinsic factors. Among these, ultrav...
Skin is effectively provided as an anatomical barrier from various pathogens, physical damages and chemical damages for body defense. Despite of these aesthetic effects and protective functions, the skin aging was induced by many factors including intrinsic and extrinsic factors. Among these, ultraviolet (UV) causes serious skin aging that is characterized by wrinkling, roughness, laxity and pigmentation, which can be enhanced by oxidative stress and photodamages. Until now, a great deal of research is being carried out to develop the novel therapeutic drugs and identify the action mechanism for skin aging. In this study, we have selected sea buckthorn (Hippopae rhamnoidae L.) as a candidate of novel therapeutic drug. This plant has been widely used for the treatment of several human disease such as skin disease, gastric ulcers, lung disease for a long time, because they contained a rich biological active compounds. Therefore, to investigate the effects of sea buckthorn fruit blend (SFB) on UV-induced skin aging, we firstly prepared the SFB composed of sea buckthorn fruit, blueberry extracts and collagen, and then their therapeutic effects were investigated in mammalian cell line and hairless mice exposed to UV radiation.
First of all, in the analysis using mammalian cell line, the effects of SFB on the cell morphology, cell viability and biochemical pathway were measured with DAPI staining, FACS analysis, MTT assay and western blot analysis. The cell death induced by 400 mJ UV-B radiation was significantly inhibited by SFB. The high concentration (500 ug/ml) of SFB reduced apoptotic and necrotic cells, while the low concentration (125 and 250 ug/ml) of SFB did not induce any significant change. In addition, the high dose of SFB decreased nuclear fragmentation when the cells were stained with DAPI. To verify the mechanism of cell survival effects of SFB, the caspase-related apoptotic path ways were examined. The levels of activate-caspase-3 were significantly decreased in only 500 ug/ml treated group.
Also, the effects of SFB in the skin aging were also evaluated using HR-1 hairless mice in the presence or absence of UV-B light. According to wrinkle formation analysis, the oral intake of SFB induced a decrease in wrinkle formation in the damaged skin of the UV-irradiated mice. The thickness of the epidermis and dermis of SFB-treated group was reduced compared to that of vehicle, which was maximized at a dose of 50% SFB. The moisture of the skin after SFB or Vit treatment was studied using transdermal water loss (TEWL) and skin moisture content. The UV-irradiation stimulated TEWL, which was reversed by administration with SFB or Vit, and a positive control. The index of moisture content was reduced by UV-exposure and the reduction was blocked by treatment of SFB and Vit. Furthermore, the levels of matrix-metalloproteinase (MMP) and collagen protein expression were assessed to examine the mechanisms underlying the effects of SFB on anti-skin aging activity. The application of SFB decreased MMP-1 and MMP-9 expressions to the levels observed in the vehicle-treated group, which was more robust in the case of MMP-9. Furthermore, the expression of collagen-1 in the skin was corresponded to that of MMPs. The activity of superoxide dismutase (SOD) was also tested to reveal whether anti-aging effects of SFB is associated with anti-oxidative stress of the skin or not. The SOD activity was first significantly augmented by treatment with Vit and increased dramatically at a high dose of SFB, sugggesting that the anti-aging effects of SFB is related with the mechanism of anti-oxidative stress.
Take together, all of these results suggest that SFB may successfully relive the UV-induced skin aging through the regulation of the cell apoptosis, skin moisture content, MMP expression and SOD activity. Furthermore, the data presented here provide a possibility that SFB is a powerful candidate for the prevention or relieve of a UV-induced skin aging symptoms.
Skin is effectively provided as an anatomical barrier from various pathogens, physical damages and chemical damages for body defense. Despite of these aesthetic effects and protective functions, the skin aging was induced by many factors including intrinsic and extrinsic factors. Among these, ultraviolet (UV) causes serious skin aging that is characterized by wrinkling, roughness, laxity and pigmentation, which can be enhanced by oxidative stress and photodamages. Until now, a great deal of research is being carried out to develop the novel therapeutic drugs and identify the action mechanism for skin aging. In this study, we have selected sea buckthorn (Hippopae rhamnoidae L.) as a candidate of novel therapeutic drug. This plant has been widely used for the treatment of several human disease such as skin disease, gastric ulcers, lung disease for a long time, because they contained a rich biological active compounds. Therefore, to investigate the effects of sea buckthorn fruit blend (SFB) on UV-induced skin aging, we firstly prepared the SFB composed of sea buckthorn fruit, blueberry extracts and collagen, and then their therapeutic effects were investigated in mammalian cell line and hairless mice exposed to UV radiation.
First of all, in the analysis using mammalian cell line, the effects of SFB on the cell morphology, cell viability and biochemical pathway were measured with DAPI staining, FACS analysis, MTT assay and western blot analysis. The cell death induced by 400 mJ UV-B radiation was significantly inhibited by SFB. The high concentration (500 ug/ml) of SFB reduced apoptotic and necrotic cells, while the low concentration (125 and 250 ug/ml) of SFB did not induce any significant change. In addition, the high dose of SFB decreased nuclear fragmentation when the cells were stained with DAPI. To verify the mechanism of cell survival effects of SFB, the caspase-related apoptotic path ways were examined. The levels of activate-caspase-3 were significantly decreased in only 500 ug/ml treated group.
Also, the effects of SFB in the skin aging were also evaluated using HR-1 hairless mice in the presence or absence of UV-B light. According to wrinkle formation analysis, the oral intake of SFB induced a decrease in wrinkle formation in the damaged skin of the UV-irradiated mice. The thickness of the epidermis and dermis of SFB-treated group was reduced compared to that of vehicle, which was maximized at a dose of 50% SFB. The moisture of the skin after SFB or Vit treatment was studied using transdermal water loss (TEWL) and skin moisture content. The UV-irradiation stimulated TEWL, which was reversed by administration with SFB or Vit, and a positive control. The index of moisture content was reduced by UV-exposure and the reduction was blocked by treatment of SFB and Vit. Furthermore, the levels of matrix-metalloproteinase (MMP) and collagen protein expression were assessed to examine the mechanisms underlying the effects of SFB on anti-skin aging activity. The application of SFB decreased MMP-1 and MMP-9 expressions to the levels observed in the vehicle-treated group, which was more robust in the case of MMP-9. Furthermore, the expression of collagen-1 in the skin was corresponded to that of MMPs. The activity of superoxide dismutase (SOD) was also tested to reveal whether anti-aging effects of SFB is associated with anti-oxidative stress of the skin or not. The SOD activity was first significantly augmented by treatment with Vit and increased dramatically at a high dose of SFB, sugggesting that the anti-aging effects of SFB is related with the mechanism of anti-oxidative stress.
Take together, all of these results suggest that SFB may successfully relive the UV-induced skin aging through the regulation of the cell apoptosis, skin moisture content, MMP expression and SOD activity. Furthermore, the data presented here provide a possibility that SFB is a powerful candidate for the prevention or relieve of a UV-induced skin aging symptoms.
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#열매혼합물 산자나무 자외선 피부노화 HR-1 hairless mouse
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