영가철(Zero Valent Iron) 이나 이온교환된 점토(ion-exchange Clay), 제올라이트(zeolite), 활성탄(active carbon) 등을 흡착제(absorbent)로 사용하는 투수성반응벽(Permeable Reactive Barrier)은 Pump & Treat 공법 등의 현장 오염처리공법(in Situ Remediation Technology)에 비해 매우 저렴한 공법이기는 하나 흡착재 비용이 고가로 현장적용이 쉽지 않았다.
영가철(Zero Valent Iron) 이나 이온교환된 점토(ion-exchange Clay), 제올라이트(zeolite), 활성탄(active carbon) 등을 흡착제(absorbent)로 사용하는 투수성반응벽(Permeable Reactive Barrier)은 Pump & Treat 공법 등의 현장 오염처리공법(in Situ Remediation Technology)에 비해 매우 저렴한 공법이기는 하나 흡착재 비용이 고가로 현장적용이 쉽지 않았다.
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영가철(Zero Valent Iron) 이나 이온교환된 점토(ion-exchange Clay), 제올라이트(zeolite), 활성탄(active carbon) 등을 흡착제(absorbent)로 사용하는 투수성반응벽(Permeable Reactive Barrier)은 Pump & Treat 공법 등의 현장 오염처리공법(in Situ Remediation Technology)에 비해 매우 저렴한 공법이기는 하나 흡착재 비용이 고가로 현장적용이 쉽지 않았다.
영가철(Zero Valent Iron) 이나 이온교환된 점토(ion-exchange Clay), 제올라이트(zeolite), 활성탄(active carbon) 등을 흡착제(absorbent)로 사용하는 투수성반응벽(Permeable Reactive Barrier)은 Pump & Treat 공법 등의 현장 오염처리공법(in Situ Remediation Technology)에 비해 매우 저렴한 공법이기는 하나 흡착재 비용이 고가로 현장적용이 쉽지 않았다.
등온흡착 평형실험(Adsorption equilibrium Test)에서 Cd, Pb, Cu에 대한 자연재료의 최대 흡착량(Max. Adsorption)은 Kaolinite에 비해 매우 우수하였으며, 입자가 판형상(Plate shape)의 입자구조적 특징(Structural features of particle)으로 반응초기에 신속한 중금속 흡착특성을 발휘하며, 흡착이 오래 지속되는 특성을 알 수 있었다.
산성조건(Acidic conditions)에서 자연재료는 각 중금속별로 최대 흡착량에 도달하여 낮은 pH 영역에서는 흡착효율이 떨어질 수 있는 기존 흡착제를 훌륭히 대체할 수 있을 것으로 판단된다.
영가철로 PRB를 조성한 공사비와 대비하여 Cd로 오염된 지역에서는 화강풍화토 #1과 칼슘샌드 모두 가격경쟁력(Price competitiveness)이 높은 것으로 나타났으며, Pb와 Cu로 오염된 지역에서는 칼슘샌드를 이용하여 PRB를 조성하는 것이 경제성이 높았다.
화강풍화토의 화학분석을 통한 화학적 풍화지수(Chemical Weathering Index)와 화강풍화토의 최대건조단위중량 및 최적함수비, 투수계수, 강도정수 등과 상관관계(Correlation)가 매우 좋았으며, 자연재료의 투수계수가 4.5E-3cm/sec로 일반적인 지반보다 크고, 특히 영가철과의 배합에도 투수계수가 크게 저하되지 않아 PRB의 반응벽체로서 적합할 것으로 생각된다.
본 연구는 폐금속 광산(Abandoned Metal Mine)과 중금속 오염 매립지(Heavy metal pollution landfill) 등의 지하수의 오염(Contamination)과 확산(Diffusion)을 방지하기 위한 투수성반응벽의 반응 및 흡착제로서 자연재료인 화강풍화토와 칼슘샌드의 흡착특성 평가와 활용 가능성에 대하여 알아본 것이다. 본 연구를 통하여 화강풍화토와 칼슘샌드가 자체의 독성이나 2차 오염을 유발하지 않고 독성 부산물(Toxic by-products)을 생성하지 않으며, 주변에서 흔히 구할 수 있는 매우 경제적이고 친환경적(Eco-friendly)인 재료로 중금속 오염지의 항구적인(Permanent) 안정화를 위한 투수성반응벽의 경제적인 반응 및 흡착 매질로서의 적용 가능함을 확인할 수 있었다.
영가철(Zero Valent Iron) 이나 이온교환된 점토(ion-exchange Clay), 제올라이트(zeolite), 활성탄(active carbon) 등을 흡착제(absorbent)로 사용하는 투수성반응벽(Permeable Reactive Barrier)은 Pump & Treat 공법 등의 현장 오염처리공법(in Situ Remediation Technology)에 비해 매우 저렴한 공법이기는 하나 흡착재 비용이 고가로 현장적용이 쉽지 않았다.
영가철(Zero Valent Iron) 이나 이온교환된 점토(ion-exchange Clay), 제올라이트(zeolite), 활성탄(active carbon) 등을 흡착제(absorbent)로 사용하는 투수성반응벽(Permeable Reactive Barrier)은 Pump & Treat 공법 등의 현장 오염처리공법(in Situ Remediation Technology)에 비해 매우 저렴한 공법이기는 하나 흡착재 비용이 고가로 현장적용이 쉽지 않았다.
등온흡착 평형실험(Adsorption equilibrium Test)에서 Cd, Pb, Cu에 대한 자연재료의 최대 흡착량(Max. Adsorption)은 Kaolinite에 비해 매우 우수하였으며, 입자가 판형상(Plate shape)의 입자구조적 특징(Structural features of particle)으로 반응초기에 신속한 중금속 흡착특성을 발휘하며, 흡착이 오래 지속되는 특성을 알 수 있었다.
산성조건(Acidic conditions)에서 자연재료는 각 중금속별로 최대 흡착량에 도달하여 낮은 pH 영역에서는 흡착효율이 떨어질 수 있는 기존 흡착제를 훌륭히 대체할 수 있을 것으로 판단된다.
영가철로 PRB를 조성한 공사비와 대비하여 Cd로 오염된 지역에서는 화강풍화토 #1과 칼슘샌드 모두 가격경쟁력(Price competitiveness)이 높은 것으로 나타났으며, Pb와 Cu로 오염된 지역에서는 칼슘샌드를 이용하여 PRB를 조성하는 것이 경제성이 높았다.
화강풍화토의 화학분석을 통한 화학적 풍화지수(Chemical Weathering Index)와 화강풍화토의 최대건조단위중량 및 최적함수비, 투수계수, 강도정수 등과 상관관계(Correlation)가 매우 좋았으며, 자연재료의 투수계수가 4.5E-3cm/sec로 일반적인 지반보다 크고, 특히 영가철과의 배합에도 투수계수가 크게 저하되지 않아 PRB의 반응벽체로서 적합할 것으로 생각된다.
본 연구는 폐금속 광산(Abandoned Metal Mine)과 중금속 오염 매립지(Heavy metal pollution landfill) 등의 지하수의 오염(Contamination)과 확산(Diffusion)을 방지하기 위한 투수성반응벽의 반응 및 흡착제로서 자연재료인 화강풍화토와 칼슘샌드의 흡착특성 평가와 활용 가능성에 대하여 알아본 것이다. 본 연구를 통하여 화강풍화토와 칼슘샌드가 자체의 독성이나 2차 오염을 유발하지 않고 독성 부산물(Toxic by-products)을 생성하지 않으며, 주변에서 흔히 구할 수 있는 매우 경제적이고 친환경적(Eco-friendly)인 재료로 중금속 오염지의 항구적인(Permanent) 안정화를 위한 투수성반응벽의 경제적인 반응 및 흡착 매질로서의 적용 가능함을 확인할 수 있었다.
A Permeable Reactive Barrier (PRB) which contains adsorbents, such as, Zero Valent Iron, ion-exchange Clay, zeolite and activated carbon, is more economical than In-Situ Remediation Technology but is not easily applicable to construction sites due to the high cost of the adsorbents.
In this study, n...
A Permeable Reactive Barrier (PRB) which contains adsorbents, such as, Zero Valent Iron, ion-exchange Clay, zeolite and activated carbon, is more economical than In-Situ Remediation Technology but is not easily applicable to construction sites due to the high cost of the adsorbents.
In this study, natural materials, such as, Weathered Granite Soils and Calcareous Sand, were suggested as an adsorbent because they are non-toxic, economical and widespread in Korea. In addition, they do not affect on the permeability of a PRB. It is also intended that Adsorption efficiency of these materials for heavy metals be analyzed in the study. For this purpose, Adsorption isotherm test and Column test had been performed to assess the physical-mechanical properties of the suggested natural materials and their adsorption characteristics for heavy metals.
From the Adsorption Equilibrium Test, the maximum adsorptions of the suggested natural materials for Cd, Pb, and Cu were superior to Kaolinite. Due to their structural features of particle that has a plate shape, they showed a rapid adsorption characteristic for heavy metals in their early stage of a reaction. It was also shown that their adsorption capacities were kept for a long time.
Under various acidic conditions, the suggested natural materials reached their maximum adsorptions for each heavy metal, therefore, it is considered that they can successfully replace the existing adsorbents of which adsorbing efficiency could decrease under low pH levels.
When comparing a PRB containing Zero Valent Iron as an adsorbent, a PRB made of Weathered Granite Soils #1 or Calcareous Sand is very competitive in price in the region contaminated by Cd. It is also noted that a PRB containing Calcareous Sand is highly economical in the region contaminated by Pb and Cu.
Through the chemical analysis of Weathered Granite Soils, it was shown that the correlations between Chemical Weathering Index of Weathered Granite Soils and other properties, such as, maximum dry unit weight, optimal water content, coefficient of permeability, strength parameter and etc, were pretty good. The coefficient of permeability of the suggested natural materials is about 4.5E-3 cm/sec, which is greater than that of general soil. Particularly, even if they are combined with Zero Valent Iron, their coefficient of permeability is not so decreased that they can be adequate as PRB materials.
In summary, the adsorption characteristics and the applicability of Weathered Granite soils and Calcareous Sand have been tested to prevent the diffusion of contaminated ground water coming from abandoned metal mines, heavy-metal-polluted landfills, etc. From this study, it can be confirmed that Weathered Granite Soils and Calcareous Sand do not result in secondary contamination as well as self-toxicity or toxic by-product. Also, they are so economical and eco-friendly that they can be more applicable to a PRB than any other adsorbents for the purpose of permanent stabilizing in the contaminated regions by heavy metals.
A Permeable Reactive Barrier (PRB) which contains adsorbents, such as, Zero Valent Iron, ion-exchange Clay, zeolite and activated carbon, is more economical than In-Situ Remediation Technology but is not easily applicable to construction sites due to the high cost of the adsorbents.
In this study, natural materials, such as, Weathered Granite Soils and Calcareous Sand, were suggested as an adsorbent because they are non-toxic, economical and widespread in Korea. In addition, they do not affect on the permeability of a PRB. It is also intended that Adsorption efficiency of these materials for heavy metals be analyzed in the study. For this purpose, Adsorption isotherm test and Column test had been performed to assess the physical-mechanical properties of the suggested natural materials and their adsorption characteristics for heavy metals.
From the Adsorption Equilibrium Test, the maximum adsorptions of the suggested natural materials for Cd, Pb, and Cu were superior to Kaolinite. Due to their structural features of particle that has a plate shape, they showed a rapid adsorption characteristic for heavy metals in their early stage of a reaction. It was also shown that their adsorption capacities were kept for a long time.
Under various acidic conditions, the suggested natural materials reached their maximum adsorptions for each heavy metal, therefore, it is considered that they can successfully replace the existing adsorbents of which adsorbing efficiency could decrease under low pH levels.
When comparing a PRB containing Zero Valent Iron as an adsorbent, a PRB made of Weathered Granite Soils #1 or Calcareous Sand is very competitive in price in the region contaminated by Cd. It is also noted that a PRB containing Calcareous Sand is highly economical in the region contaminated by Pb and Cu.
Through the chemical analysis of Weathered Granite Soils, it was shown that the correlations between Chemical Weathering Index of Weathered Granite Soils and other properties, such as, maximum dry unit weight, optimal water content, coefficient of permeability, strength parameter and etc, were pretty good. The coefficient of permeability of the suggested natural materials is about 4.5E-3 cm/sec, which is greater than that of general soil. Particularly, even if they are combined with Zero Valent Iron, their coefficient of permeability is not so decreased that they can be adequate as PRB materials.
In summary, the adsorption characteristics and the applicability of Weathered Granite soils and Calcareous Sand have been tested to prevent the diffusion of contaminated ground water coming from abandoned metal mines, heavy-metal-polluted landfills, etc. From this study, it can be confirmed that Weathered Granite Soils and Calcareous Sand do not result in secondary contamination as well as self-toxicity or toxic by-product. Also, they are so economical and eco-friendly that they can be more applicable to a PRB than any other adsorbents for the purpose of permanent stabilizing in the contaminated regions by heavy metals.
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